if ordinary people want to become an ancient "scholar class", they must be baptized by the "Four Books and Five Classics". In fact, the scholar class is the concentrated expression of ancient Confucianism. To become an idealized representative of the "scholar class", in addition to appropriate status, Confucianism should also be strongly expressed in personality and morality. Personality performance is very important, such as "sacrifice one's life to death" and "knowing what one can't do" What's more, it is necessary to have the fate experience of Confucianism, that is to say, like Confucius, he has a bumpy life and can't be used at last, but he is found to have great foresight after his death, so that he can be the representative of a scholar.
Therefore, in my opinion, the most representative figures of the ancient "scholar class" are as follows:
Qu Yuan (about 34~ 275 BC), the earliest great poet in China, whose name is Ping, whose word is Yuan, was born in Chu in the Warring States Period. At the beginning, he assisted Huai Wang, worked as a Zuotu and a doctor in San Lv, and was knowledgeable. He advocated making clear the statutes, awarding talents and uniting with Qin. Later, he was dismissed from his post, exiled when he was a king, and swam < P > in the Yuanxiang River Basin. After Ying, the capital city, was attacked by the Qin army, he was unable to save the peril of Chu, and deeply felt that his political ideal could not be realized, so he threw himself into the Guluo River. Historical Records has been circulated, and some unfortunate works such as Li Sao, Jiu Ge and Tian Wen have been handed down from generation to generation.
Sima Qian (about 145 ~ 89 BC) was a historian, writer and national library official in the Western Han Dynasty. Word length. Zuo Fengyi was born in xia yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Sima Tan. At the age of 1, he was able to recite ancient Chinese prose, and traveled north and south in his early years, inspecting customs, interviewing ancient books and collecting legends. First-time doctor. In the third year of Yuanfeng (the first 18 years), his stepfather took the post of Taishiling, who was in charge of the national books, classics, astronomical calendars and documents, and was able to view the national library, providing a lot of information for the study of history. Later, because of Li Ling's defense, he was convicted of imprisonment and was punished by corruption. After he was released from prison, Ren Zhongshu wrote a book, calling it Taishi Gongshu, later called Shiji. As the earliest general history in China, it provides systematic and complete information for future generations to study the history of more than 3, years from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which is of great academic value and has a far-reaching impact on future generations' history and literature.
Wang Anshi (121-186), a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, was also an outstanding thinker and writer. Wang Anshi understood the social crisis in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, so he asked Song Renzong for the reform of official management and political reform. In the Song Shenzong period, Wang Anshi actively promoted the "new law" and fought against the conservatives headed by Sima Guang to ensure the promulgation and implementation of the "new law", which was called "the reformer of China in the 11th century" by Lenin. Wang Anshi's poetic attainments are also very high, ranking among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His article "Shang Zhongyong" is both reasonable and reasonable. His poem "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me?" is still popular today.
Yuan Chonghuan (1584-163) was born in Dongguan, Guangdong, and later settled in tengxian, Guangxi. He was a scholar in Wanli of Ming Dynasty and was first awarded to Shaowu County, Fujian Province. He was concerned about Liao and Jiang, and was concerned about national security. He resolutely joined the army, worked as an official in the Ministry of War, and was a superintendent of Ji and Liao. During his tenure in Liao, he defeated the attack of the post-8 Jin Army many times and won the victory of Ningyuan and Ningjin. After the repression, 8 Jin Army went south. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Huang Taiji led an army to avoid Yuan Chonghuan's defensive zones and captured Zunhua, which matched Beijing at the gates. When Yuan Chonghuan heard the news, he led his troops to rescue the capital in the starry night, and won the victory of Guangqumen and Zuo 'anmen, trying to solve the danger of the capital. Later, Huang Taiji did not dare to commit another crime in the capital. However, the fatuous Emperor Chongzhen listened to the slanderers of the eunuchs, fell into the trap of Huang Taiji, and arrested Yuan Chonghuan instead. In the third year of Chongzhen (163), Yuan Chonghuan was sentenced to death in Xishi City by zhe (splitting limbs). Her subordinate, She Yishi, was deeply aware of the righteousness, and was buried in Xiejie, Donghuashi, Chongwenmen, Beijing, and has been guarding the tomb for generations, which has been passed down to the 17th Ms. She Youzhi. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), the truth was revealed to the world, and the strange grievances of the ages were redressed.
Liang Qichao (1873 ~ 1929) was a modern thinker, writer and scholar. The word Zhuo Ru, a word Ren Fu,no. Ren Gong, drink ice, don't serve as the owner of the ice room, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong. When I was a child, I studied with a teacher. "At the age of eight, I learned to write a text, and at the age of nine, I could compose a thousand words" ("Thirty Readings"). At the age of 17, I was promoted. After studying under Kang Youwei, he became a propagandist of bourgeois reform movement. Before the Reform Movement of 1898, he joined forces with Kang Youwei to launch the campaign of "writing on the bus". Since then, he has led strong societies in Beijing and Shanghai, and together with Huang Zunxian, he has run the Current Affairs Newspaper, served as the keynote speaker of Changsha Current Affairs School, and published the General Discussion on Reform to promote the reform. Later, he launched the "Reform Movement of 1898", which defeated him in exile in Japan and kept close contacts with revolutionaries such as Sun Yat-sen; After returning to China, he organized the Progressive Party to fight for constitutionalism. After 192, he left politics and worked as a professor in Tsinghua and Nankai successively, and devoted himself to writing.
To sum up, to be a representative of the "gentry class", all three should be exemplary Confucianism. Those who have a life and no body, such as Du Fu; Those who have a body and a life are unqualified, such as Hong Chengju; Those who have dignity and no life, such as Huo Guang, can't be the representatives of the "scholar class".