Cultural value of folk houses in southern Anhui

Xidi Village was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty with a history of 960 years. This is a place where Hu's family live together. The whole village is boat-shaped and surrounded by mountains. Two streams pass through the village, and the streets and alleys in the village are paved with bluestones. The whole village is naturally smooth and full of vitality, and the ancient buildings on both sides of the streets are elegant and simple. Xidi Village has 24 ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties 124, and 3 ancestral halls, including Lingyun Pavilion, secretariat memorial archway, Ruiyu Pavilion, Taoli Garden, East Garden, West Garden, Dafudi, Dear Hall, Lvfutang Hall, Qingyunxuan Hall and Yingfutang Hall, all of which can be regarded as models of Huizhou ancient dwellings. The three bluestone archways at the head of Xidi Village were built in the sixth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (AD 1578), with four columns and five floors. They are magnificent and exquisite in structure, which is a symbol of the prominent position of the Hu family. There is a "Lv Fu Tang" built in the Kangxi period in the village, which is elegantly furnished and full of scholarly atmosphere. The theme of the lecture is "writing poems and articles, filial piety is the foundation of the family", "Good reading is good for business, good results are good, and it is difficult to start a business, so it is difficult to know", showing the true nature of "Confucian businessmen"; Another ancient house in the village is "Dafudi", which was built in the 30th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 169 1) and is a pavilion-style building facing the street. It was originally used for sightseeing. There is an inscription "Take a step back and think" under the threshold, which is alert and intriguing. The houses of every household in Xidi Village are quite elegant: exquisite gardens, doorframes made of black marble, leaking windows, exotic flowers and grasses carved in stone, birds and animals, pavilions carved in brick, operas of characters, exquisite wood carvings, gorgeous paintings and murals all embody the essence of ancient China art, "ingenious layout, ingenious structure, exquisite decoration, exquisite construction and profound cultural connotation".

The bull-shaped village and artificial water system planned and built by Guhong Village people are today's "great miracles in architectural history": the towering Leigang is a bull's head, the towering ancient trees are horns, the scattered residential groups from east to west are like a huge bull's body, and the clear spring is the bull's intestines. After passing through the village and flowing into the moon pool named Niuwei, it is called "Niuwei", and it flows out of the village after filtering. This ingenious and scientific design of village water system not only solves the problem of villagers' fire water, but also regulates the temperature, which provides convenience for residents' production and living water and creates a good environment of "clear water in front of every household". There are more than 40 well-preserved Ming and Qing ancient dwellings/kloc-0 in the village, which are simple and elegant and full of interest. "Chengzhitang" is magnificent and beautifully carved, which can be described as the oldest residential building in southern Anhui. The pavilions and pavilions of Nanhu Academy complement each other with lakes and mountains, and have the traditional Huizhou architectural style. Jingxiutang, Dongxiantang, Sanlitang and Renxutang are magnificent or simple and dignified. Coupled with the towering ancient trees in the village, the old ivy on the wall of residential houses and the century-old peony in the courtyard, it can be said that it is step by step and picturesque everywhere, and it also reflects the profound cultural heritage left by a long history.

Xidi and Hongcun are backed by beautiful green hills, and the villages are surrounded by clear streams. Hundreds of Ming and Qing residential buildings stand quietly. The tall and majestic Horsehead Wall has an expression of arrogance and a charm of falling into the sky. The gray house walls are mottled by time, which has a dignified and quiet effect; There are also clan ancestral halls, academies, memorial archways and genealogy. Into the houses, beautiful brick carvings, stone carvings and wood carvings can be seen everywhere. Door covers, patios, gardens, leaky windows, beams, screens and furniture are all silently displaying elaborate design and exquisite craftsmanship.

Xidi and Hongcun ancient dwellings are typical representatives of Huizhou architecture. There are more than 440 complete Ming and Qing dwellings, and their exquisite layout, ingenious structure, exquisite decoration and exquisite architecture are rare in the world.