Word explanation Word name: Tongqu
Pronunciation tong qu
Title explanation "Tong" refers to children (can also refer to childhood); "fun" It's interesting. "Childlike interest" refers to the interest of childhood life. It can be seen from the title that this article is an interesting story from the author's childhood.
Explanation 1. Childish innocence 2. Childhood fun 3. Innocence.
Synonyms include innocence and childishness.
The word "strong" means "zhuang", which means "rigid".
Extracted from "Six Notes of a Floating Life: Leisurely Love Notes" About the author Shen Fu ( 1763-1825), with the courtesy name Sanbai and the nickname Meiyi, was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the 28th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty. A famous writer in the Qing Dynasty. He is the author of "Six Notes on a Floating Life: Notes on Leisure and Interest". Poetry, painting and prose. According to "Six Chapters of a Floating Life", he was born in a family of aides, never took the imperial examination, and once made a living by selling paintings. In the 42nd year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1777), he went to Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province to study with his father. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1784), Emperor Qianlong inspected the south of the Yangtze River, and Shen Fu followed his father to greet the emperor. Later he went to Suzhou to engage in the wine industry. He and his wife Chen Yun had a very good relationship. Due to family changes, the couple once lived in other places and experienced ups and downs. After his wife's death, he went to Sichuan to serve as a staff member. What happened after that is unknown. Shen Fu was neither a scholar nor a scholar. He was born in a "family of fine clothes" and studied as a student. However, he later learned business and later made a living by selling paintings and traveled around the world. "Six Notes of a Floating Life: Notes of Leisure and Interest" is one of his autobiographical works. There are six chapters in the book, hence the name "Six Notes". The second one has been lost now. The book records the joy of the boudoir, the harmonious harmony of the harp and the harp, and the deep affection; it records the leisurely and elegant tastes, the character of the poor, their likes and dislikes; it records the ups and downs of life, the hardships, separations, and human emotions; it records the various places. Wander around and see the scenic spots, interesting anecdotes and interesting sights. Lin Yutang, a master of modern Chinese literature, once translated "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" into English and introduced it to the United States, which was also praised by famous writers such as Yu Pingbo. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), Wang Tao wrote a postscript for this book, praising the book for "the lingering sadness and deep love between the pen and ink." "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" and other books adopted the "preface and postscript" technique. .
Edit this text introduction
Six Chapters of a Floating Life
"Six Chapters of a Floating Life" is one of his autobiographical works, consisting of six chapters. Volume 1 "Records of Joy in the Boudoir" Volume 2 "Records of Leisure and Fun" Volume 3 "Records of Sorrows in Ups and Downs" Volume 4 "Records of Wandering Travels" Volume 5 "Records of Zhongshan Calendar" Volume 6 "Records of Health Preservation". Hence the name "Six Notes" . The second one has been lost now. The book records the joy of the boudoir, the harmonious harmony of the harp and the harp, and the deep affection; it records the leisurely and elegant tastes, the character of the poor, their likes and dislikes; it records the ups and downs of life, the hardships, separations, and human emotions; it records the various places. Wander around and see the scenic spots, interesting anecdotes and interesting sights. Lin Yutang, a master of modern Chinese literature, once translated "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" into English and introduced it to the United States, which was also praised by famous writers such as Yu Pingbo. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), Wang Tao wrote a postscript for this book, praising the book for "the lingering sadness and deep love between the pen and ink." "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" and other books adopt the technique of "preface and postscript" .
An ordinary sight or thing can become beautiful and strange through imagination and association. Childishness, that is, children's interest. This article is selected from Chapter 2 of Volume 6 of "Six Notes of a Floating Life: Notes of Leisure and Interest". It is a narrative essay recalling childhood life. It revolves around the "interest outside things".
Their main characteristics are innocence, purity, lively and lovely, carefree and unconcerned. Children generally have childishness. As they grow older and gain more experience, they become more mature, steady, sophisticated, and scheming, and the childishness disappears. Therefore, childishness is also the most valuable asset for children.
An ordinary scene or thing, through imagination and association, will become something beautiful and strange. "Children's Interest" tells us that we must be good at observation, imagination, and thinking, so that childhood can fun, get back into it. At the same time, we must love nature and be good at discovering the beauty in nature.
Edit the original text of this paragraph
Six Chapters of a Floating Life
I recall that when I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and see clearly, and I would carefully examine the texture of small things when I saw them. , so there is something outside of things.
Mosquitoes turn into thunder in the summer, so I secretly imagine a group of cranes dancing in the sky. Wherever I want to go, there may be thousands or hundreds of cranes, and it turns out they are cranes. When I look up at them, my neck is very strong. I also leave the mosquitoes under the plain tent and slowly spray the smoke so that they fly away against the smoke and form a view of Qingyun White Crane. The result is like the chirping of cranes in the clouds, which is a happy place for me.
I would often squat on the concave and convex places of the earthen wall or in the flowerbeds where grasses are scattered, so that they are level with the platform; I looked carefully and saw that the grasses were the forest, the insects and ants were the beasts, and the gravels were the earth and gravel (lì). ) The convex ones are hills, and the concave ones are gullies (hè). The mind wanders among them, enjoying themselves.
One day, I saw two insects fighting among the grass. As I watched, I was very excited. Suddenly, a huge thing came up, uprooted the mountain and fell the tree, covered it with a toad, and spit out its tongue, and all the two insects were eaten. swallow. When I was young, I was lost in thought and was startled. God is calm, catch shrimps and toads (há ma), whip dozens of times, and drive them away to other courtyards.
Edit this paragraph’s comments 1. Yu: I, myself. Memories: memories, recollections. Childish: childish, describing young age.
2. Open your eyes: open your eyes wide. Right: facing, facing, toward.
3. Observe everything clearly: Ming, clear. Observe, observe.
Originally, it was used to describe a person with sharp eyesight, able to see even the smallest things clearly. Later, it was used to describe a person who is insightful and not deceived. Qiuhao refers to the very fine feathers that birds regenerate in autumn. It was later used to describe the smallest things.
4. Small: small. Of:. Fine: carefully. Texture: Stripes.
5. Therefore: So. Outside the thing: This refers to something beyond the thing itself.
6. Cheng: Send out.
7. Private comparison: Secret comparison. To imitate, to compare. Yu: Yes.
8. Then: Then, just. Or: sometimes.
9. Fruit: true.
10. Xiang Wei Qiang (jiāng): The neck became stiff as a result. item: neck (jǐng), neck (gěng). Qiang means "zhuang", which means stiffness.
11. Plain: undyed. Plain tent: an undyed tent.
12. Xu: Slowly. To: use.
13. Make: let. And: and.
14. To do: to do. View: Landscape.
15.咳 (lì): Birdsong. For: therefore. Yiran: comfortable and happy. However, it looks like...
16. Take... as...: compare... to.... Lin: forest. Gravel: clods of earth. 呑: Valley.
17. Comfortable: comfortable, happy and satisfied.
18. Xing: interest. Behemoth: Something that looks huge on the outside is also used to describe something that claims to be powerful, but is actually nothing great. (Big things)
19. Cover: Continuing from the above, expressing the reason. Here it means "originally". Shrimp (há) toad: the general name for toad. Toad, now written as "toad". For: here is the meaning of being.
20. Fang: upright.
21. Whip: noun used to whip with a whip.
22.: Pronoun, it refers to toad. Drive: drive away.
23. Outside the thing: This refers to beyond the thing itself.
24. Neck: neck, neck.
Edit this paragraph translation I think back to when I was a child, I could look directly at the sun with my eyes wide open, and my eyesight could clearly see extremely small things. Whenever I encountered a small thing, I had to observe it carefully. The patterns are structured, so you can often feel the fun beyond the things themselves. (I recall that when I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and see clearly. I would carefully examine the texture of small things, so I always had an interest in things.)
On the summer night, the mosquitoes made a thunderous cry. I secretly compared them to a group of cranes flying in the sky. When I thought about it, hundreds of flying cranes appeared in front of me. When I looked up at them, my neck became stiff. I shut the mosquitoes in an undyed tent and slowly sprayed smoke at them. They flew and screamed into the smoke. Looking at it as a landscape of blue clouds and white cranes, they really looked like cranes singing in the clouds. I felt comfortable and happy. Clap your hands happily. (In the summer, mosquitoes turn into thunder. I personally imagined a group of cranes dancing in the air. Wherever I wanted to go, there were thousands or hundreds of cranes. Sure enough, they were cranes. I raised my head and looked at them, and my neck was so strong. I also left the mosquitoes in the plain tent, and slowly Spray the smoke, make it fly through the smoke, look like a blue cloud and a white crane, and the result will be like a crane in the clouds, which will make you happy.
I often stand on the uneven earth wall. In a place where flowers and plants are criss-crossing, squat down so that your body is as high as the platform, and observe carefully. Think of the grass as a forest, the bugs and ants as wild beasts, and the bulges of the soil as hills, and the concave parts of the soil as hills. I regarded the part as a mountain ravine, and I imagined playing in it, feeling comfortable, happy and satisfied. (I often squat on the concave and convex places of the earthen wall or the flowerbeds where grasses are cluttered, so that they are level with the platform; I look carefully and see the grass as forests, the insects and ants as beasts, and the bulges of earth and gravel as mounds. The concave part is a gully (hè), and the mind wanders in it, feeling contentedly)
One day, I saw two small insects fighting in the grass, so I squatted down to observe. I was very interested, and suddenly there was a giant thing. It was as if a mountain had been pushed down and a tree had been pushed down. It turned out to be a toad. It stuck out its tongue and devoured both insects. I was very young at the time, and I was fascinated by what I saw. I couldn't help but scream "Yeah". When he calmed down, he caught the toad, whipped it dozens of times, and drove it to another yard. (One day, I saw two insects fighting among the grass. When I looked at it, I was very excited. Suddenly, there was a huge thing, which uprooted the mountain and fell the tree. It was covered with a mangy toad. When I spit out my tongue, it swallowed up the two insects. I was young and could only eat two insects. I was in a trance, and I was startled. I caught the shrimps and toads, whipped them dozens of times, and drove them away to other courtyards.)
Edit this paragraph to explain the characters Tongjia and the polyphonic characters Tongjia:
1. Strong: means "zhuang", stiff. Xiang Weizhiqiang: My neck felt sore just looking at it.
Polyphonetic words:
1. Shrimp: há shrimp toad xiā Prawn individual words explanation noun used as verb:
whip dozens ("whip", whip , the noun is used as a verb here, which means "to beat with a whip")
Sure enough, crane ("crane", white crane, the noun is used as a verb here, means "to become a white crane".
) has multiple meanings ⑴Observation: ①Look up and observe [see] ②Look at the blue clouds and white cranes [the sight of...]
⑵Observe: ①Clearly observe everything [see] ②Be sure to carefully observe its texture [observe] 〕
⑶ time: ① Reminiscing about childhood [time] ② There is interest in things outside of things [often] The grass is a forest [to hold]
⑸: ①The item is strong [because of...and...] ②The grass is a forest [as] ③When the tongue is spit out, all the two insects are eaten Swallowed [by]
⑹: ①Look up and look at it [pronoun, refers to mosquito] ②The interest outside the object [auxiliary word, of] ③The direction of the heart [auxiliary word]. Unintentional] ④Looking at it, the excitement is strong [Pronoun, refers to two small insects fighting grass] ⑤ Xiang Wei is strong [Pronoun, refers to watching mosquitoes] ⑥ Drive away from the other courtyard [Pronoun, refers to toad] 7. Seeing small things (of)
⑺It: ① Must carefully observe its texture [Pronoun, refers to small things] ② Squat on its body [Pronoun, refers to me] ③ Wander among it (in, pronoun) Translation of special sentences 1. Introduction Object-postposition sentence pattern:
(1) "Xu sprays smoke" is equal to "Xu sprays smoke". Translated: Slowly smoke them.
(2) "Leave mosquitoes in the plain tent" means "leave mosquitoes in the plain tent". Translated as: Leave a few mosquitoes in the undyed tent.
(3) "Privately planning to make a group of cranes dance in the air" is equal to "Privately planning to make a group of cranes dance in the air." Translated: I compare them to a group of cranes flying in the sky.
2. Omit the sentence pattern:
(1) "To make it in line with the platform" is equal to "to make (it) be in line with the platform." Translated as: Make your body as high as the platform.
(2) "Seeing two insects fighting among the grass" is equal to "seeing two insects fighting (in) among the grass." Translated as: I saw two little insects fighting among the grass.
(3) "The fruit is like a crane croaking in the clouds" is equal to "the fruit is like a crane croaking in the clouds". Translated as: It is really like a flock of cranes flying and chirping on the blue clouds.
(4) "Drive it out of other courtyards" is equal to "drive it out (from) other courtyards". Translated: Drive it to another yard.
3. Passive sentence pattern:
"One tongue spits out and two insects are swallowed up." Translated as: When you stick out your tongue, both bugs will be eaten by it.
4. Judgment sentence pattern:
"If it's a thousand or a hundred, it turns out there are cranes." It's equivalent to "There are hundreds of white cranes in front of you."
5. Fixed sentence pattern:
Use clumps of grass as forests: take ----- as. Translated as: treat ------ as. Explanation of ancient and modern synonyms: square: ancient meaning: being; modern meaning: square
or: ancient meaning: sometimes, someone; modern meaning: perhaps
yu: ancient meaning: I; modern meaning: what is left
Gai: ancient meaning: pronouncing words, equivalent to "originally is". Today's meaning: verb, building; noun, something with a shielding effect on the upper part of an appliance.
Guan: Ancient meaning: Scene Today’s meaning: Look
Sec: Ancient meaning: Private Today’s meaning: Selfish
Edit the purpose of this article through observation and imagination The pleasure gained by association goes beyond the thing itself.
Theme sentence: I recall that when I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and see clearly. When I saw small things, I would carefully examine their textures, so I always had an interest in things.
Edit this paragraph Text analysis 1. Overall grasp
The main theme of this article is the author's "interest in things outside of things" in his childhood, which is also the finishing touch of this article. Although the "interest outside the object" does not belong to the object itself, it is related to the object. It is the result of the subjective experience of the observer acting on the object. It can also be considered as an insect in the grass. It is an extremely small thing that can arouse children's curiosity. and imagination, from which interest is generated.
It begins by saying that the author had excellent eyesight as a child, and then points out the main theme of the article. "Open your eyes to face the sun" means that you can withstand the stimulation of strong light; "clearly discern every detail" means that your eyesight is excellent and you can see very small things clearly. With such good eyesight, coupled with the habit of "paying close attention to the texture of small things", he can discover "the interesting things outside of things". This is a general introduction and only takes 32 minutes to describe.
The summer mosquitoes turn into thunder, which makes people unbearable. However, the young author imagined it as a moving picture of "a group of cranes dancing in the sky" and was fascinated by it. Then he thought of the scene of "creeping cranes in the clouds" that he had seen before, so he "left mosquitoes in the plain tent, sprayed smoke slowly, and made them fly through the smoke." As a result, he really saw such a scene. . This is a picture "enlarged" by imagination, which expresses the spontaneous aesthetic consciousness in a child's childish mind. This one.
Secondly, the author lived in the city when he was young and longed to see the natural scenery but could not, so he used imagination to realize his wish. He imagined the recesses of the earthen wall and the clumps of grass on the flower beds in the garden as woods, the insects and mosquitoes as wild beasts, the small raised soil clods as hills, and the low sunken small clods of soil as ravines, which made him think. With a free and vast world, you can enjoy the scenery of "nature". One day, there were two small insects fighting among the grass - in the young author's imagination, it became two beasts fighting in the woods, which made him particularly fascinated. Unexpectedly, a tree fell down. As soon as he stuck out his tongue, he swallowed both beasts into his belly. The young author was frightened to the point of confusion. When he woke up and the hallucination disappeared, he realized that the "monster" before was just a toad.
He was extremely angry, but did not want to hurt it, so he only punished it with a whip - the article did not explain what to use as a whip, it was probably a twig? He punished the toad, which may have the meaning of revenge for the two small insects. But from the perspective of "Drive to the Other Courtyard", the main reason is that it destroys its own aesthetic taste.
The author uses the term "interest outside things" to combine the above two things, intending to show that he had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic taste when he was a child.
Words.
2. Explain the words.
1. Some of the meanings of classical Chinese words can be explained by adding words, such as "must carefully (carefully) observe (observe) its texture"; some can be explained by changing words, such as "raise (raise) head (head) and observe". Of". Try to choose a way to explain the highlighted words in each of the following sentences. (1) Xiang Weizhi is strong (2) The fruit is like a crane in the clouds (3) Using clumps of grass as a forest (4) Xing Zheng Nong (5) Fang Zhengzhi (6) Drive away from the courtyard
2. Most of the following words are retained in modern Chinese as idioms, and you may wish to use the method of telling the main idea when explaining them. Example: Happy (exclamation of joy).
(1) Clear observation (2) Contentment (3) Huge things (4) Summer mosquitoes are like thunder (5) Interests outside things
The purpose of setting the question is to tell students how to use simple things Methods to explain classical Chinese words and eliminate students' fear of difficulties. This is all you can do at the beginning stage of learning classical Chinese. Talking too much will be bad. The explanations can be copied into books for easy accumulation.
There are many ways to deal with this problem: or let students try to solve the problem after reading the text several times; or solve the problem one by one while clarifying the meaning of the text; in better teaching classes, you may also want to let students try to solve the problem. Solve the problem in preview.
Reference answers
1. (1) The neck (neck, neck) is strong. (2) The fruit (really) is like a crane in the clouds
(3) Use clumps of grass as a forest (forest) (4) Xing (interest, interest, interest) is strong
( 5) Fang (upright, strong) trance; enter the trance (6) drive (drive out, expel) from the other courtyard
2. (1) Being aware of everything (see "Clearing the meaning of the text")
(2) Being contented (describing a feeling of being comfortable, happy and satisfied)
(3) Behemoth (a huge thing)
(4) Summer mosquitoes sound like thunder (the sound of mosquitoes in summer is like thunder, which is an exaggerated expression)
(5) Observe things with a childish heart , using children's innocent and innocent thinking to get a feeling that others can't get through playing. That feeling is very subtle
1. Classical Chinese is an ancient written style, characterized by simplicity and elegance. Classical Chinese comes from ancient spoken Chinese, and modern Chinese also comes from ancient spoken Chinese. They have the same origin but different flows. They have similarities and differences. The same thing is the main thing and the different things are secondary, so it is not difficult to learn. We must have the confidence to learn well.
2. Learning classical Chinese is to inherit the culture of the motherland, which can help us understand many things in history; many words and idioms in classical Chinese are still preserved in modern Chinese, and learning classical Chinese can enrich our language warehouse. .
3. The key to learning classical Chinese well is to cultivate a sense of language. There are "three essentials" to cultivate language sense: first, read and recite the text thoroughly, with the purpose of familiarizing yourself with the expressions and language habits of classical Chinese; second, you must comprehend it with your heart, with the purpose of integrating "words" and "meaning" and seeing the "words". "and know the "meaning"; thirdly, we must actively accumulate vocabulary and vocabulary, with the purpose of mastering the expression tools of classical Chinese. These three are closely related and one cannot exist without the other.
It will take 70 minutes to teach this lesson. The suggestions are as follows:
1. It must be recited in class.
This article has 221 words. It takes about 1 minute and 50 seconds to read it once at medium speed. If you read it 1 to 2 times in class (including teacher reading and reading), it only takes about 3 minutes. , it is entirely possible to achieve chanting in class. Doing so will help students develop a habit of reading. In order to achieve this goal, the following measures can be taken:
(1) When previewing, it is necessary to recite the text and understand the main idea of ??the text, at least three times.
(2) Guide students to read. You can start by dividing pauses. Since students are accustomed to reading word by word in elementary school (which is helpful for recognizing the word form and pronouncing the pronunciation correctly), you might as well use individual sentence examples to let students know that the current reading method is different from before. For example:
Be able to open your eyes and raise your head to look at the sun, and make it strong
Make it fly through the smoke/to create a blue cloud and a white crane/ Observation
(In the example sentence, "/" means an obvious pause, and "·" means a very short pause)
The purpose of dividing pauses is to clarify the levels of sentence meaning, and the levels are clear. The meaning of the sentence is easy to understand.
(3) Teachers should demonstrate and recite.
2. About unblocking the meaning of the text
The basic principle is to inspire students to take the initiative to solve the problem and not to engage in mechanical translation. Once mechanical translation is used, students will memorize the translation and the spirit of taking the initiative to solve the problem will disappear. , in the long run, it is not conducive to the cultivation of classical Chinese reading ability.
But this principle must also be grasped flexibly. Let’s discuss a few issues based on the text:
(1) Pay attention to the issues: such as “wei” in “for”, “ The word "ao" in "寗" has two pronunciations, allowing students to look up the dictionary and choose the correct pronunciation; the word "qiang" in "xiang weizhiqiang" should be pronounced jiāng, which requires teachers to be reasonable.
(2) The wording of the explanation should be simple and easy to understand. For example, "private imitation" means "comparing it in mind"; "wandering in the mind" means "seemingly playing (there)", which is similar to sleepwalking. Somewhat similar.
It can be said in a comparative way, such as comparing "what the hand touches" with "what the heart wants".
It can inspire students to talk about themselves. For example, ask students "How do you feel when you look up for a long time?" Then the next sentence "The item is strong" can allow students to explain themselves. All words that can be interpreted according to the context will be treated in this way.
(3) When talking about idioms, focus on making students understand the overall meaning without going into detail. For example, "clearly discern everything" means that even very small things can be seen clearly, indicating excellent eyesight. According to this sentence, it comes from "Mencius: King Hui of Liang": "Clearness is enough to detect the end of the hair, but not the public opinion." Ming refers to vision. But there’s no need to talk about it. It won’t be too late to talk about it in the third grade of high school when you study Mencius.
(4) Generally speaking, when talking about function words, you only need to point out the equivalent of a certain word in modern languages. If necessary, point out the part of speech, and never involve syntax. For example, the word "Yi" in "Xu sprays smoke" is equivalent to "Use", don't talk about the postposition of prepositional phrases and the like. Language is a habit. If you read more and develop a habit, you will understand it at a glance. This is not only done now, but also throughout the junior high school years.
3. About the content
This article focuses on the author’s excellent eyesight in childhood, and he is good at discovering the beauty of things through association. Students in the first grade of junior high school will definitely feel the same after reading it, so they must be good at using similar things among students. Live experience, turn this class into a cordial conversation between teachers and students, and do not engage in formulaic analysis.
“Interesting things outside” is the finishing touch of this article. There is no need to rush for in-depth explanation at the beginning, just explain the general meaning; after studying the text, you can ask students based on the aesthetic taste of the young author. Have you ever had such fun?
4． Importing and extending
You can import by creating situations.
The extension method is to quote the descriptions of children in ancient poems and articles, (such as the poem in Li Bai's "Gu Lang Yue Xing": "When I was young, I didn't recognize the moon, and called it a white jade plate. I also doubted the Yao Tai mirror, flying "In the blue clouds.") triggers students' associations.
5. Recite the full text
Edit this section for appreciation and analysis. This article is selected from "Records of Leisure and Interests" in "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" written by Shen Fu, a Qing Dynasty writer. Six Chapters, the first four of which are extant, is a lyrical memoir and narrative prose. The article uses vivid writing and delicate descriptions to record some interesting things about the author's childhood when "the mind wandered and felt at ease". We displayed a series of children's pictures full of innocence and childlike innocence, which fully demonstrated the rich imagination and childish taste of children. Mainly reflected in:
1. Recalling childishness, stringing beads together.
This is a beautiful article that narrates interesting childhood stories. Its core is to highlight the unforgettable innocence and innocence of children. To this end, the article takes the "childlike interest" gained from seeing the world through children's eyes as the main line. According to The "total-point" structure organizes the full text and is written closely with the word "interesting". Mr. Xian wrote that he often had extraordinary pleasures in his childhood. Among them, "he is very aware of everything, and when he sees the smallest things, he must carefully examine their textures." This is the following text. Then I will talk about three interesting things: the first interesting thing is the joy of watching mosquitoes like cranes, seeing flying mosquitoes as "a group of cranes dancing in the sky", and playing with mosquitoes in the mosquito net, "I" feel extremely happy; the second interesting thing is wandering around the mountains and forests. The interesting thing is to regard the grass as forest trees, insects and ants as animals, and the gravel as hills and valleys. "I" wander among them, enjoying myself; the third interesting thing is to watch two insects fighting each other, and the toad regarded as a "monster" eats it. Two insects, "I" get angry and drive them away with dozens of whips. At this point, several scattered short stories are connected into a whole, achieving the effect of being separated in form but not separated in spirit.
This article also includes three beauties: beauty of humanity, beauty of conception, beauty of language....
2. Observe subtleties and highlight innocence.
Interesting things in childhood are trivial, but in the eyes of children they are unforgettable "big things". While arranging clues, the article selects typical materials full of childlike interest from the unique perspective of observing things as a child, and depicts them vividly and meticulously. In this way, the whole article is full of childishness, each story is fascinating, every detail is vivid and vivid, and the innocence is highlighted between the lines. Please take a look at some typical examples: the word "charge" in "flying into the smoke" makes people imagine the situation of mosquitoes flying around in the diffuse smoke; the word "fixed" in "focusing one's mind and taking a closer look" means "watching". , the "nong" in "xingzhengnong" highlights the unique situation and mentality of high concentration; "summer mosquitoes turn into thunder", everyone is afraid of avoiding them, but the young "I" "privately pretends to be a group of cranes dancing in the sky", The observation makes one enjoy it with gusto and make one's imagination run wild; "Whatever the heart desires, there are thousands or hundreds, and it turns out to be a crane." "Uprooting mountains and knocking down trees" seems to be unreasonable at first reading, but upon further reading, I feel the wonderfulness of the wording. The author focuses on spiritual descriptions, which are in line with children's perceptual psychological characteristics and the illusion of "crouching down" and looking straight, vivid and vivid And real.
3. Rich imagination and cute childlike innocence.
Goethe said: "Children can be admired. He often thinks about the realm above the stars and the moon, the situation under the ground, the use of flowers, and the language of insects; he wants to fly into the sky, he wants to Sneaking into the anthill..." This shows that children's imagination has special exaggeration, and they like to exaggerate certain characteristics or plots of things, thus producing rich and bizarre imaginations. This article uses bold imagination and high degree of exaggeration to promote childishness. Using both exaggeration and metaphor, "summer mosquitoes turn into thunder", I found the sound similarity between the buzzing of mosquitoes and the muffled thunder, using the crane as a metaphor for mosquitoes, and found the physical similarity between the two. The landscape of flying cranes appeared, and then I creatively "made a scene of blue clouds and white cranes"; I squatted in the grass and watched the fight between two insects. When I was very interested, I actually described the "sneak attack" of the toad as "a huge monster toppling the mountain." "Come from the trees", here the reality arises from the virtual, and the "virtual" becomes vivid, vivid and magical; the grass is regarded as a forest, the insects and ants are regarded as wild beasts, and the gravel is compared to hills and valleys. It is also the creative association and imagination of "I" Products, and these associations and imaginations are based on an innocent childlike innocence (children's life experience and knowledge base), so they appear realistic and full of interest, making the article full of novel and childlike interest.
Edit the writing background of this paragraph The main theme of this article is the author's childhood "interest in things outside of things". Although the "interest outside the object" does not belong to the object itself, it is related to the object. It is the result of the observer's subjective experience acting on the object. It can also be said to be the interest generated by the object. The summer mosquitoes and insects in the grass mentioned in this article are very small things that can arouse children's curiosity and imagination, and interest is generated from this.
It begins by saying that the author had excellent eyesight as a child, and then points out the main purpose of the article. "Open your eyes to the sun" means that your eyes can withstand the stimulation of strong light; "clearly see every detail" means that your eyesight is excellent and you can see very small things clearly. With such good eyesight, coupled with the habit of "paying close attention to the texture of small things", he can discover "the interesting things outside of things". This is a summary, using only 32 words, and the writing is concise and visible. Described below.
The summer mosquitoes turn into thunder, which makes people unbearable. However, the young author imagined it as a moving picture of "a group of cranes dancing in the sky" and was fascinated by it. Then he thought of the scene of "creeping cranes in the clouds" that he had seen before, so he "left mosquitoes in the plain tent, sprayed smoke slowly, and made them fly through the smoke." As a result, he really saw such a scene. . This is a picture "enlarged" by imagination, which expresses the spontaneous aesthetic consciousness in a child's childish mind. This one.
Secondly, the author lived in the city when he was young and longed to see the natural scenery but could not, so he used imagination to realize his wish. He imagined the recesses of the earthen wall and the clumps of grass on the flower beds in the garden as woods, the insects and mosquitoes as wild beasts, the small raised soil clods as hills, and the low sunken small clods of soil as ravines, which made him think. With a free and vast world, you can enjoy the scenery of "nature". One day, there were two small insects fighting in the grass. In the young author's imagination, it became two beasts fighting in the woods, which made him particularly fascinated. Unexpectedly, a "monster" uprooted the mountain and felled the tree. Come. As soon as he stuck out his tongue, he swallowed both beasts into his belly. The young author was frightened to the point of confusion. When he woke up and the hallucination disappeared, he realized that the "monster" before was just a toad. He was extremely angry, but did not want to hurt it, so he only punished it with a whip - the article did not explain what to use as a whip, it was probably a twig? He punished the toad, which may have the meaning of revenge for the two small insects. But from the perspective of "Drive to the Other Courtyard", the main reason is that it destroys its own aesthetic taste.
Edit the writing background of this paragraph
Six Chapters of a Floating Life
"Six Chapters of a Floating Life" takes the life of the author and his wife as the main line, winning over the ordinary but interesting home life What I see and hear when I travel around in life. The work describes that the author and his wife Chen Yun were in love and wanted to live a life of common people, eating vegetables and engaging in art. However, due to the oppression of feudal ethics and the suffering of poverty, their ideals were finally shattered. The writing in this book is fresh and honest, without any trace of embellishment, and the plot is about a husband and wife who love each other deeply until death. It begins with joy, ends with sorrow, and drifts to a foreign land. It is tragic and moving. In addition, this book also includes the masterpiece "Reminiscences of Yingmei'an" written by Maoxiang, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, in memory of Dong Xiaowan, a famous prostitute in Qinhuai.
"Children's Interests" from "Records of Leisure Love" in "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" has been selected into the Chinese language book of the seventh-grade People's Education Press edition.
Edit this paragraph and review "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" is an autobiographical essay of extremely high standard and great influence, which occupies a very important position in Qing Dynasty notebook literature. The characteristics of this book are that it is pure and straightforward, expresses one's own spirit, is informal and creative. This creativity is first reflected in its subject matter and description objects. In the book, the author narrates the joy of the couple's boudoir in an affectionate and straightforward style, and writes about the true love between husband and wife. In the history of Chinese literature, there are many poems and essays describing love, but most of them are about palace romances, or about love tragedies under the despotic power of power, etiquette, and law, or about intimate friends and the entanglement between boys and girls, and rarely involve the love between husband and wife. Chen Yinke, who has a unique insight, pointed out: "Our country's literature has always been scrupulous about etiquette and law, and has not dared to talk about the relationship between men and women, and it rarely touches on the formal relationship between men and women, such as husband and wife. The affection of the boudoir and the love of the family are obsessed with salt. Most of the trivial details are not listed in the chapter, but are summarized in general words. Later, "The Music of the Boudoir" in Shen Sanbai's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" was created as an exception.
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Edit the format version of this paragraph. "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" on the Wen Zun Pavilion board is the earliest printed board. It has a preface to Yang Yin's biography and a postscript by Wang Tao, the "King of Zun Wen Pavilion." The preface to Yang Yin's biography says " "Two of the six notes are missing." Wang Tao once said that he had read this book when he was young (before 1847), but unfortunately he did not make a copy. When he was in exile in Hong Kong, he often missed it. Wang Tao wrote it for Zunwenge Edition in 1877 The postscript does not say that he had read the full version when he was young.
In 1936, Lin Yutang translated four chapters of "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" into English and serialized them in the monthly "Tianxia". Later, a Chinese-English bilingual version was published. A long preface. Lin Yutang wrote in the preface: "Yun, I think, is the most lovely woman in Chinese literature. " He also guessed that "there must be a complete copy in the Suzhou family collection or in a second-hand book shop."
Soon after that, a "complete copy" appeared on a cold stall in Suzhou. There were five volumes and six volumes, which were actually descendants. Forgery.
There are still many missing pieces.
Edit this section of the table of contents (Notes on Leisure) Volume 1 "Memories of the Boudoir"
Volume 2 "Xian" Volume 3 "Remembering Sorrows"
Volume 4 "Records of Wandering Travels"
Volume 5 "Records of Zhongshan Calendar"
Volume 6 "Health Preservation Notes"
At present, only five volumes of "Floating Life Six Notes" have been found, and the remaining one is still being searched for.
Shen Fu's "Floating Life Six Notes" is still being found. "" is included in the Chinese textbook for the second grade of junior high school published by the People's Education Press.
Some chapters of Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" are included in the second volume of the Chinese textbook for the first grade of the Chinese People's Education Press. >Some chapters of Shen Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" were also included in the first volume of the Chinese textbook for the first grade of the People's Education Press, titled "Children's Interests"
"Leisure Notes" and "Interests of Leisure" for seventh grade students. "Remembering Sorrows in Ups and Downs", "Remembering the Travels", "Recording the Calendar of Zhongshan", and "Recording the Way of Health Preservation".