At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil. Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard? -Li Shen's "Farmers"?
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. -"Return to the Garden" Part III? Tao Jin Yuanming
During the day, weeding in the fields and rubbing hemp thread at home at night, the men and women in the village took on all the housework. Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees. -"Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous" Fan Song Chengda
I went to town yesterday and came back with tears in my eyes. All over Luo Qi are not silkworm farmers. -"Silkworm Girl" in
In spring, as long as you sow a seed, you can harvest a lot of food in autumn. There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death. -"Farmers" Don Li Shen
Smell the west wind and rain in Qin, to ask the west wind to return sooner or later. White-haired old farmers stand out from the crowd, and clouds open in the high places of wheat fields. -"Looking at the sunny farmhouse" by Tang Yong Yu.
The mountains and plains are all green, and the sound of Zigui is raining like smoke. In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and sericulture was planted in the fields. -"April in the Country" Song Weng Juan
? Farmers have no leisure all year round, but they are doubly busy in May.
A warm south wind blew at night, and the wheat in the field was covered with ridges and ripe yellow.
Women carry food in baskets, and children carry jars full of water and soup.
Men accompany them to deliver meals in the fields and work in Nanshan.
The feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the back was baked by the hot sun.
Exhausted, don't feel hot, just cherish summer.
I saw a poor peasant woman, holding her child and following others.
He held the picked ears of wheat in his right hand and hung a broken basket in his left arm.
Listening to her talk about her family made everyone feel sorry for her.
In order to pay taxes, I sold the land and ate my hunger by picking up wheat ears.
What are my advantages now? I have never raised or picked mulberry trees.
The salary is 300 stone a year, and there will be surplus grain at the end of the year.
I am ashamed to think of these things, and I will never forget them day and night.
? The creation background "Guan Mo Mai" is a famous satirical poem of the author in his early days. This poem was written in the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (805) to the second year of Yuanhe (806). It was written by Bai Juyi when he was a county magistrate in Ku (now zhouzhi county, Shaanxi Province), feeling that the local people were working hard and living in poverty. The county commandant is responsible for catching thieves and collecting taxes in the county. It is precisely because Bai Juyi is in charge of this matter that he knows best the disasters suffered by the working people in this regard. ?
Appreciation of works? This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. The reason why she wants to pick up wheat is because her family's fields have been sold out and she has to pay official tax. Now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so she has to pick up wheat to satisfy her hunger.
These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people.
The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat, and the sun is shining on my back" and "My family's taxes are all gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's infinite sympathy and compassion. Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells.
What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric.
Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem. ?
? Famous experts commented on the poem of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang and Song Dynasties: "I don't know the heat when I am tired", which is only from the side. Exploring the compassion of "poor woman" again, Nie's poems cannot be copied.
Notes on Selected Poems of Bai Juyi by Gong and Peng Chongguang: This is Bai Juyi's earliest poem reflecting the sufferings of farmers. This poem truly and vividly describes the hard life and miserable life of farmers, and compares it with them, thus showing the author's deep sympathy for farmers and opposition to cruel economic exploitation.