[original poem]
The moon rises from the mountain, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds.
The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass.
At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai.
This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive.
The soldiers turned and looked at the border, thinking of home with longing eyes.
The soldier's wife looked at the tower and lamented when she would see her relatives far away.
Li Bai's Guan Shanyue inherits the old theme of ancient Yuefu, portrays a bleak and boundless moonlit picture scroll, and integrates the scenery of Guanshan frontier fortress and the homesickness of soldiers guarding the frontier into the moonlit high-rise building, expressing the poet's concern for recruiting talents and talents and yearning for peace.
The first four sentences are like a montage of film and television literature, melting "poetic topics" one by one. "Guan", "Mountain" and "Moon" are three independent and interrelated poems, which laid the desolate tone of the whole poem. "Moon", a cloud rising from Tianshan Mountain, is a vast, magnificent and magnificent cloud scene. "Wind", the north wind of the desert all over the sky, like tigers howling and wolves howling, blows all over Yumen Pass, how huge the momentum is and how turbulent a foreign land is. The poet skillfully uses "Changfeng" to organically connect "Guan" with "Yue", which reminds people of Wang Changling's poem "The moon was bright in Qin Dynasty, Guan in Han Dynasty, and the Long March did not return". The moon is still there, the pass is still there, and the soldiers who guarded the Long March for generations are gone forever. When will the endless war stop? Therefore, the poet vividly rendered the vast and boundless images of "Changfeng, Yue Ming, Tianshan and Yumenguan" and created a magnificent but desolate and tragic artistic conception. Reading it reminds people of the famous sentence "The Han Sea is dry and cold, the clouds are bleak, and Wan Li is condensed" ("Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home"). Through the description of the huge picture scroll of the frontier fortress, the poet weaves a "homesickness" complex for the soldiers who look forward to their hometown below.
On the basis of the description of the scenery, the middle four sentences express the theme of "Since there is no famous battle in history that has sent all its soldiers back". "China people take Deng Bai Road, Tatars see Bibo Bay", and the poet quoted allusions and superimposed them on the natural frontier scenery of "Guanshan", which printed a magnificent scene of soldiers going to the battlefield. According to historical records, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang led his troops to the Xiongnu and fought bloody battles in Deng Baishan (now Datong West). Liu Bang's soldiers were besieged by the Xiongnu for seven days and seven nights. The Green Bay area is also the place where Tang Jun and Tubo fought for years. The endless wars of past dynasties made it almost impossible for soldiers to survive in their hometown. As described in Gao Shi's "Liangzhou Ci", "I don't laugh when I am drunk in the battlefield, but I have fought several times since ancient times", which is the best portrayal of the soldiers guarding the border. That helpless drink may become the last farewell to future battlefield battles. This painful mood can only be solved by getting drunk. And "the Tatar army stared at the blue water of the Gulf" is a witness of history.
The last four sentences describe the soldiers' sad mood of "looking back on the past" "Shouke" and "homesickness" are full of worries, looking at the desolate scenery of the frontier fortress, and the sad face is beyond words. I think the wife, white-haired mother and thin man in the high-rise building at home must be standing in front of the cold mountain or folding willows. They looked up and thought of "me", a recruiter who might never live. In this case, we seem to hear their melancholy sighs. Here, the poet melts the homesickness of soldiers and their families into the vast and boundless scenery, which makes the scenery complain because of the feelings, and makes the feelings hurt more because of the scenery. In this artistic realm of blending scenes, we feel desolate and profound.
Throughout the poem, Li Bai expressed the artistic conception of defending people's homesickness with broad and profound pictures, which is actually the natural expression of the poet's broad mind. If most of Li Bai's poems use "moon", "travel" and "wine" to vent personal grievances, then this poem with the words "Guan", "Mountain" and "Moon" shows another sentiment of his concern for people's livelihood and compassion for others. This poem, with great momentum and far-reaching artistic conception, is tragic to read, just as Ren Hua said in "Miscellaneous Words to Send Li Bai", "Easy to escape, lofty, clear its will and shock its soul".