Huangshan Lotus Peak: Located in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, it is named after the peak looks like a lotus.
Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain: in the south of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province.
Huashan Lotus Peak: Located in huayin city, Shaanxi Province, it is the middle peak of Huashan Mountain.
Hengshan Lotus Peak: It is the peak of Hengshan Mountain in Hunan Province, which looks like a lotus flower, hence its name.
Wuyishan Lotus Peak: Located in Chong 'an, Fujian, there is a lotus cave.
Lotus peak: south of Qujiang, Guangxi.
Lianhua Mountain: Located in the east of Liancheng County, Fujian Province.
Lotus Sea: The old name of a lake in Wusu, Xinjiang. In summer, the white lotus in the lake blooms like the sea, hence the name.
Lotus Lake: According to Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a lake in the northwest corner of Tang Cheng, commonly known as Tang Chi, with lotus flowers full of water, which was a scenic spot at that time.
2. Lotus knowledge
Lotus is a perennial aquatic plant.
Rootstock (lotus root) is thick and knobby, born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, round, dark green on the surface, gray-green with waxy white powder on the back, and undulate all over.
Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of pedicels and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and double petals. Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors; Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in an inverted conical sponge receptacle. There are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface, which gradually expand after fertilization, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole.
The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The fruit ripening period is September-65438+1October.
There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. Lotus originated in China, from Viet Nam to Afghanistan, and generally distributed in subtropical and temperate regions such as Central Asia, West Asia, North America, India, China and Japan.
China was cultivated as early as 3000 years ago. Now carbonized ancient lotus seeds have been found in Liaoning and Zhejiang, which shows its long history. Taiwan Province Province was introduced from Japan only 100 years ago. At present, the cultivated area in Baihe Town and Chiayi in Tainan has reached nearly 350 hectares, which is one of the most important tourist areas in Taiwan Province Province.
There are still wild lotus flowers in some remote places in Asia, but most of them are planted artificially for landscape decoration and eating. For example, in China, lotus is cultivated as a cash crop. Many people once mistakenly thought that lotus was produced in Egypt and the Mediterranean.
Around 500 BC, lotus was introduced into Egypt, probably brought by Persians. The ancient Egyptians decorated "lotus buds" on the top of the pillars of the temple, imitating water lilies, while Homer's epic "Odyssey" actually drank a drink made of dates (unrelated to lotus flowers) and entered a state of forgetting troubles.
Herodotus, a Greek writer, wrote when describing Egyptian plants: "There are some lilies like roses growing in the river, and the fruits grow in pods like yellow honeycombs. There are many fruits the size of olive stones to eat, fresh or dry. "
What he said was clearly a lotus flower. Lotus, one of the top ten famous flowers in China, is not only colorful and fragrant, but also has strong adaptability. It can be widely planted in lakes, which is spectacular and can be potted in bottles. Since ancient times, precious aquatic flowers in palace gardens and private gardens have been favored by people more and more, and are widely used in modern landscape gardens.
Lotus is called "living fossil" and is one of the earliest plants in angiosperms. Before humans appeared, about 104500 years ago, most of the earth was covered by oceans, lakes and swamps.
At that time, the climate was bad, disasters were frequent, there were no animals, most plants were eliminated, and only a few wild plants with strong vitality grew on this barren land. Among them, there is an aquatic plant that we call "Lotus" today, which has withstood the test of nature and stubbornly survived in amur river (now Heilongjiang), the Yellow River, the Yangtze River basin and the swamp lakes in the northern hemisphere.
About 9,000 years later, primitive humans began to appear. In order to survive, human beings collect wild fruits to satisfy their hunger, and soon find that the wild fruits and root nodes of this "lotus" (namely lotus seeds and lotus roots) are not only edible, but also sweet and delicious.
Gradually, "Lotus", a food source for human survival, was deeply imprinted in the hearts of our ancestors, primitive humans, and became a symbol of human survival. Named after its shape: Lotus: Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica explains: "Lotus stems carry leaves and leaves carry flowers, hence the name."
Hibiscus: Also known as Hibiscus. The Chinese dictionary Erya explains: "Lotus contains Pupu."
Another book, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, said, "It's not lotus, it's hibiscus." Li Shizhen also said that the hibiscus flower means "to dress up brilliantly", so it is no wonder that Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Han Dynasty, compared his wife Zhuo Wenjun to the hibiscus flower of water.
2. Named after their growth habits: Shuizhi, Huashui, Yunshui, Shuidan, Shui Mu and Zezhi: Because lotus is a perennial aquatic plant, the ancients classified it as an aquatic plant, and most of them were named after the word "water". Cao Zhi, a litterateur of the Three Kingdoms, praised "a hundred flowers blossom, and there is no flower soul" in the Lotus Fu, and compared the lotus to Ganoderma lucidum in the water.
3. Named after the holy and elegant temperament of lotus: Junzihua, Ling Boxian, Shuigongxian, Yuhuan, etc. According to "The Tale of the North Dream", Su Changyuan lived in Wuzhong (present-day Suzhou) during Tang Chaoyuan and his reign (806~820), and met a pink-faced girl from plain clothes and gave him a jade ring. Soon, he found a lotus flower in the pool of his yard, and a jade ring in the pistil, but it was "absolutely broken" and later generations called it the jade ring.
4. In the ancient Jiangnan custom, June 24th of the lunar calendar was the birthday of the lotus, so the lotus was nicknamed "June Flower God". 5. It is called "the gentleman in the flower" because it is "out of the mud but not stained".
The most famous is "Lotus Out of the Water" by Wu Bing of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, which vividly and delicately depicts the fresh and refined style of lotus. There is also the "Lotus Yuanyang Map" by the painter Zhang Zizheng in the late Ming Dynasty; Chen Qing painted lotus flowers; Lotus and mandarin ducks in Ren Bonian in Qing Dynasty: Lotus and Flowers and Birds by Xie in the Republic of China; Ma Song Xingzu's "Dredging Birds"; Song Fan painted "Late Lotus Fruit Suotu"; Song people painted "Lotus Crab Map"; Song Feng has a picture of Taiyue Lotus Wind; Inheriting the Song people's "Children and grandchildren together".
3. Lotus knowledge
Lotus is a perennial aquatic herb flower. Underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaves. Flowering from June to September, it is solitary at the top of the pedicel. There are many petals embedded in the receptacle hole, which are red, pink, white, purple and other colors, or have colorful words and borders. Nuts are oval and seeds are oval. There are many kinds of lotus flowers, which are divided into ornamental and edible categories. Originated in tropical and temperate Asia, China has a long history of cultivation, which was recorded as early as the Zhou Dynasty, with a warm and humid climate. Lotus is a very important water greening plant in the garden because of its large leaves, beautiful flowers, overflowing fragrance and pollution-free sludge. Lotus is precious, lotus root and lotus seed can be eaten; Lotus seeds, rhizomes, lotus nodes, lotus leaves, flowers and germ of seeds can all be used as medicine, which can treat many diseases.
Origin and distribution
Originated in tropical and temperate Asia, China has a long history of cultivation, which was recorded as early as the Zhou Dynasty, with a warm and humid climate.
Lotus is native to South Asia from Viet Nam to Afghanistan, and is generally distributed in subtropical and temperate regions such as Central Asia, West Asia, North America, India, China and Japan. China was cultivated as early as 3000 years ago. Now carbonized ancient lotus seeds have been found in Liaoning and Zhejiang, which shows its long history. Taiwan Province Province was introduced from Japan only 100 years ago. At present, the cultivated area in Baihe Town and Chiayi in Tainan has reached nearly 350 hectares, which is one of the most important tourist areas in Taiwan Province Province. There are still wild lotus flowers in some remote places in Asia, but most of them are planted artificially for landscape decoration and eating. For example, in China, lotus is cultivated as a cash crop. Many people once mistakenly thought that lotus was produced in Egypt and the Mediterranean. Around 500 BC, lotus was introduced into Egypt, probably brought by Persians. The ancient Egyptians decorated "lotus buds" on the top of the pillars of the temple, imitating water lilies, while Homer's epic "Odyssey" actually drank a drink made of dates (unrelated to lotus flowers) and entered a state of forgetting troubles. Herodotus, a Greek writer, wrote when describing Egyptian plants: "There are some lilies like roses growing in the river; This kind of fruit grows in a pod, like a yellow honeycomb. There are many fruits the size of olive stones to eat, fresh or dry. " What he said was clearly a lotus flower.
There are wild lotus flowers. Professor Ren Xu, a paleobotanist, discovered lotus leaf fossils in Qaidam Basin 40 years ago, at least 654.38 million years ago. 1973, 7,000-year-old lotus pollen fossils were found among the cultural relics unearthed from Hemudu Cultural Site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. In the same year, two carbonized lotus seeds were found in Yangshao cultural site in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 5000 years ago. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century), the ancients ate about 40 kinds of vegetables, and lotus root was one of them. There is a phrase "flowers in the cheeks" in Yujing, which means that lotus flowers grow everywhere in the swamp waters of the motherland. China is the country that grows the most lotus flowers in the world.
4. Little is known about lotus culture
Lotus, synonymous with gentleman and nobility; It is the symbol and messenger of friendship; In ancient China, there was a tradition of sending plums in spring and picking lotus in autumn. In China's flower culture, lotus is the most interesting painting theme for warriors, the most exquisite material in the Five Dynasties, and the most commonly used patterns and shapes in various architectural decorations, sculpture techniques and living utensils. Li Bai's Violet Shop; Lotus leaves are waterproof and self-cleaning, and grow and reproduce very quickly. Now it is also applied to science. Buddhism is closely related to lotus. The Buddha sat on the lotus platform and tried his best to guide the believers to leave the world and reach the pure land where the lotus bloomed. Buddhist scriptures call the Buddhist country the lotus boundary, the temple the lotus room, the monk's cassock the lotus suit and the monk's handprint the lotus palm.
Lotus, also known as lotus, is a perennial aquatic perennial herb. Its underground stem is called lotus root, which is edible and its leaves are used as medicine. Lotus seed is an excellent tonic, and flowers can be seen. The ancients called lotus flower whip flower, water hibiscus, water zhi, cloud water, water Dan, water Hua and so on. Xike and Yuhuan are their elegant names, the unopened bud is called cymbals, and the blooming flower is called whip flower, which is one of the top ten famous flowers in China.
Mystery of waterproof and self-cleaning of lotus leaf
Numerous micron-sized waxy papillae structures are attached to the surface of lotus leaves. When observing these papillae with electron microscope, we can see that many nanoparticles with similar structures are attached to the surface of each micron-sized papillae, which scientists call the micro-nano dual structure of lotus leaf. It is these tiny double structures that make the contact area between the lotus leaf surface and water droplets or dust very limited, so there is a phenomenon that water droplets roll on the leaf surface and take away dust. Water will not stay on the surface of lotus leaves.
According to the dietotherapy guide, lotus leaf porridge can relieve fever, dissipate blood stasis, lower blood pressure, reduce blood fat and lose weight, with good effect. Motherland medicine believes that lotus leaves have the effects of promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, clearing away heat and relieving annoyance. It can be seen that lotus leaves are good for relieving summer heat.
Like a dream [Song] Li Qingzhao
I often think of dusk by the river.
As drunk as a fiddler, we didn't remember anything on the way back!
Back on the boat at night,
Mistaken into the depths of lotus.
Fight for crossing, fight for crossing,
Frightened, all the egrets in the shallows flew away.
Koike [Song] Yang Wanli
Spring is silent, the stream is flowing,
The shade of trees shines on the water and likes sunshine and softness.
Xiao He just showed his sharp corners,
Dragonflies have long stood on it.
5. Some knowledge about lotus
It belongs to the perennial aquatic herbaceous flowers of Nymphaeaceae, or the flowers are brightly colored, and it is a very important aquatic greening plant in the garden.
Nuts are oval and fragrant; Lotus seeds can be potted and put in bottles. Nine, the sludge is not white, and it can cure many diseases.
Lotus is a treasure, only at the top of the pedicel. It is not only big in flowers, but also brightly colored; Since ancient times, it can be divided into two categories: ornamental and edible, lotus root nodes, rhizomes, exotic flowers and herbs, and germ of seeds. , can be used as medicine, petals have many edges. Lotus is big and beautiful, embedded in the receptacle hole, warm and humid, and can be widely planted in lakes.
As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people began to plant lotus with long and thick underground stems. It is a precious aquatic flower in palace gardens and private gardens. It is deeply loved by people and is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Flowers bloom from June to September. In today's modern landscape architecture, lotus leaves are spectacular and fiery red, and China has a long history of cultivation.
Native to tropical and temperate Asia, it has long knots and lotus flowers used in gardens. There are many varieties of lotus, with round leaves and clear cover, which are more and more favored by people. The fragrance is overflowing, the seeds are oval and pink, and the adaptability is strong. Lotus root and lotus seed can be eaten, and purple and other colors are widely used.
6. Knowledge about lotus flowers
Lotus: It belongs to Nymphaeaceae, which is the general name of two kinds of lotus. Also known as lotus, water hibiscus and so on. It is a perennial aquatic herb flower of lotus. Underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaves. Flowering from June to September, it is solitary at the top of the pedicel. There are many petals embedded in the receptacle hole, which are red, pink, white and purple, or have colored lines and edges. Nuts are oval and seeds are oval.
There are many kinds of lotus flowers, which are divided into ornamental and edible categories. China is native to tropical and temperate Asia and was planted as early as the Zhou Dynasty. Lotus is precious all over the body, lotus root and lotus seed are edible, and the germ of lotus seed, rhizome, lotus node, lotus leaf, flower and seed can be used as medicine.
Its character of emerging from the mud without staining has always been praised by the world. "The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely colorful, and the lotus flowers reflect different colors in the sun" is a true portrayal of the beauty of lotus flowers. The noble character of lotus flower "straight through the outside, not crawling, not stained with mud, clear but not demon" has always been one of the themes of poets' painting.
Extended data:
I. Morphological characteristics
Lotus is a perennial aquatic herb; Rhizomes are transverse, hypertrophy, swollen internodes, with many longitudinal airways inside, constricted internodes, black scales at the top and hairy adventitious roots at the bottom.
The leaves are round and shield-shaped, with a diameter of 25-90 cm. The surface is dark green, covered with wax white powder, the back is gray-green, the whole edge is slightly wavy, the upper surface is smooth and white powder, and the lower vein is ejected from the center, with 1-2 branches. Petiole is stout, cylindrical, 1-2 meters long, hollow, with scattered thorns outside. Pedicels and petioles are the same length or slightly longer, and there are also scattered spines; Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed.
The flower is solitary at the top of the pedicel, above the water surface, with a diameter of 10-20 cm, beautiful and fragrant; There are single petal, compound petal, double petal and double terrace patterns; Colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender, yellow or intermediate colors; Lotus leaves are oval to obovate, 5 5- 10/0cm long and 3-5cm wide. They gradually become stamens from outside to inside, sometimes the apex is blunt or slightly sharp, and there are many stamens.
The pistil is free and buried in the inverted cone sponge receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface. After fertilization, it gradually expands, called lotus, and a small nut (lotus seed) is born in each hole. Anthers are long, filaments are slender and inserted under receptacle; The style is very short, and the top of the column is born; The receptacle (lotus house) is 5- 10 cm in diameter.
Second, growing habits
Lotus is an aquatic plant, which likes relatively stable and calm shallow water, lakes, swamps and ponds, and is its suitable habitat. The water demand of lotus depends on the variety. The relative water level of large plant-shaped varieties such as Gulian and Chiba is deep, but it cannot exceed 1.7 meters.
Small and medium-sized plants are only suitable for water depth of 20-60 cm. Meanwhile, lotus is very sensitive to water loss. In summer, as long as there is no irrigation for 3 hours, the lotus leaves planted in the water tank will be sluggish. If the water is stopped for one day, the lotus leaves will be burnt and the buds will wither. Lotus is also very fond of light, and it needs full light environment during its growing period. Lotus is extremely intolerant of shade, so it will show strong phototaxis when it grows in semi-shade.