1. Translation of "Horse Hoof" in classical Chinese
Title: "Horse Hoof" Author or source: "Zhuangzi" Horse's hooves can walk on frost and snow, its hair can protect against wind and cold, it can drink water from grass, and its feet can be turned up And Lu, the true nature of this horse.
Although there is a platform and a road to sleep on, they are of no use. When he came to Bole, he said: "I am good at handling horses."
Burn it, pick it, carve it, luo it, tie it with a rope, weave it with a pile of soap, and the dead horse will be twelve or three; Hungry, thirsty, galloping, rushing, straightening, aligning, there is the danger of prongs and decorations in the front, and the power of the whip behind, and more than half of the horses are dead. The potter said: "I am good at managing wood. If it is round, it will be regular, and if it is square, it will be correct." Sex, why do you want to follow the rules and regulations? However, it has been said from generation to generation: "Bo Le is good at managing horses, while Tao and Carpenters are good at managing trees and trees."
This is also the rule of law for the world. It is not the case for those who wish to govern the world well.
The people there have a constant nature: they weave and clothe, and they plow and eat, which is called the same virtue; they are one without party, and their destiny is to be released by heaven. Therefore, in the world of supreme virtue, one's behavior is full and one's vision is dizzy.
At that time, there were no roads or tunnels in the mountains, no boats or bridges in the rivers; all living things were living in groups, connected to their hometowns; animals were in groups, and vegetation was growing. This is why animals can be tethered and swim around, and birds and magpies can climb up and peek into their nests.
In the world of the most virtuous husband, he lives with the beasts, and his family is the same as all other things. How evil is it to know that a gentleman is a villain! The same as ignorance, its virtue is inseparable, the same as lack of desire, it is called simplicity, simplicity and people's nature. When it comes to the sage, he who is ruthless is benevolence, and he who is divergent is righteousness, and the world begins to doubt; when he is lax, he is happy, and he picks up the idiosyncrasies is ritual, and the world begins to be divided.
Therefore, if we are simple and unimpaired, who is the sacrifice* (ox zun)? If the white jade is not destroyed, which one is Si Zhang? If morality is not abolished, benevolence and righteousness can be achieved? Inseparable temperament, peaceful use of rituals and music? The five colors are not chaotic, which one is literary talent? If the five tones are not chaotic, which one should follow the six laws? It is the sin of a craftsman to treat something as simple as a tool; it is the fault of a sage to destroy morality and think it is benevolence and righteousness. Husband and horse, if they live on land, they will eat grass and drink water. If they are happy, they will rub each other's necks. If they are angry, they will spread their backs.
Ma Zhi already stopped this. The husband added the balance and choked it, and Qi raised the moon title, while Ma Zhijie, Ni Min, choked the bird of prey, and stole the bridle in the title.
Therefore, if a horse knows how to behave like a thief, it is Bole's crime. At the time of the Fu Hexu family, the people did not know what to do in their houses, and they did not know where to go. They were full of food and happy, and wandered with their bellies bulging: the people could reach this point.
When it comes to the sage, he bends rituals and music in order to bring relief to the world, and upholds benevolence and righteousness in order to comfort the hearts of the world. However, the people begin to stumble upon knowledge and strive for benefit, which cannot be stopped. This is also the fault of the saint.
Translation or annotation: A horse, its hooves can step on frost and snow, its hair can resist wind and cold, it eats grass and drinks water, and jumps when it lifts its feet. This is the nature of horses. Although there are high platforms and palaces, they are of no use to horses.
When a Bo Le was born, he said: "I am good at conditioning horses." He ironed the horse's hair with a red-hot iron, sheared the horse's hair, shaved its hooves, branded it, and saddled the horse. Halt and rein the horses and put them in the stable.
In this way, two or three tenths of the horses were killed by him. He didn't let the horse eat enough or drink water. He also made the horse run in this way and that way. He tidied the horse here and there. He installed a set of troublesome tricks such as bits and decorations on the front of the horse, and then added troublesome tricks on the back. Coupled with the threats of whips and cracks, more than half of the horses were killed by him in just a few seconds.
The potter said: "I am good at conditioning clay, and the pottery made is as round as a compass, and the square is like a ruler." The carpenter said: "I am good at conditioning wood, and the woodenware I make is , The curved ones are like those drawn by compasses, and the straight ones are like those drawn by ink lines. ”
Is the nature of clay and wood meant to conform to compasses, rulers and ink lines? But for generations, people have praised and said: "Bo Le is good at conditioning horses, potters are good at conditioning clay, and carpenters are good at conditioning wood." This is also the fault of those who govern the world! I think people who are really good at governing the world are not like this.
The people have their own nature: they weave cloth to make clothes, and plant the land to get food to eat. This is a universal law; they say one thing is one without any partiality. This is called following nature. Therefore, in a society with the highest moral standards, people walk comfortably and look at things with concentration.
In that era, there were no roads in the mountains and no ships and bridges on the rivers; all living things grew in groups without dividing into areas; birds and animals grew in groups, and all kinds of vegetation grew randomly. So you can tie up the birds and animals and play together, and you can climb the tree trunks to look into the bird's nests.
In that society with the highest moral standards, humans and animals live together and are mixed with all things. Who knows the difference between a gentleman and a villain! Human beings and all living creatures are equally ignorant, so human nature will never change; humans and all living creatures are equally ignorant, and this is called simplicity of nature. The simplicity of nature shows the natural virtue of man.
As soon as those saints came out and worked hard to create benevolence and worked hard to create righteousness, people in the world began to become suspicious. They created music out of all kinds of strange things, and created rituals out of all kinds of trivial matters, and people in the world began to be differentiated and classified.
Look, if you don’t damage the natural good wood, how can you get a cow-headed cup? Without damaging the white jade, how could Gui and Zhang come out? Without abolishing natural morality, how can we need benevolence and righteousness? Without departing from human nature, what kind of rituals and music are needed? Five colors are not chaotic, who wants that magnificent literary talent? With five distinct tones, who wants to compete with the bells, drums, and orchestra? Destroying good wood to make utensils is a crime committed by craftsmen; destroying innate morality to talk about benevolence and righteousness is a crime committed by saints. The horses live in the wilderness, eating green grass and drinking clear water. When they are happy, they whisper to each other and rub each other; when they are angry, they kick each other back to back.
This is all the horse knows. People put horizontal wooden strips on its neck and hung moon-shaped ornaments on its forehead, so that the horse knew how to bite the pin, take off the yoke, push up the curtain, and struggle to spit out the bit and take off the bridle.
So it is Bole's fault that Ma knows how to cheat. In ancient Huxley's time, people didn't know what to do at home, and they didn't know where to go when they went out.
Playing with food in your mouth and wandering around with your belly bloated: this is what people know. When the saint was born, he created false etiquette and music to correct the world's people; he set up benevolence and righteousness to win over the people of the world.
As a result, people are doing everything possible to pursue knowledge, and everyone is pursuing self-interest, and it is out of control. This is all the fault of the saint.
Translation or annotation: Horse, its hooves can trample frost and snow, its fur can resist wind and cold, and it eats. 2. What does the horse's hoof mean in the text?
The article talks about a painting academy recruitment exam in the Song Dynasty. The exam is a topic-based painting, and the title is an ancient poem: "After stepping on flowers, the scent of horseshoes returns." The examination room was extremely quiet, and the candidates were all thinking seriously. Some people think that the key point of the poem is the word "stepping on flowers". So I drew some petals and asked a young man to ride a horse and walk on the petals. He thought, isn't this just walking on flowers? It expresses the happy mood after the spring outing. After some analysis, some people feel that the focus is on the "horse". Whether stepping on flowers, returning home, or horse hooves, they are all inseparable from the "horse". So I carefully painted a horse, with a young man galloping through the flowers on the horse, looking very impressive. Some people think that the "horse's hoof" should be the key point, so they highlight the flying horse's hoof on the drawing paper and draw flying petals next to the "horse's hoof". He thought that even if the petals were lifted up, the horse's hooves would still be fragrant! Among the many candidates, only one drew something special. There are no petals on his scroll at all. What he painted was: At sunset in spring, a young man was riding back on horseback. The horse was galloping, its hooves raised high, and some butterflies were chasing closely, flying around the horse's hooves. His painting was selected by the examiner.
After finishing this article, I feel that I am also attracted by this painting. The author uses wonderful composition and beautiful artistic conception to show us a picture of spring outing. He did not draw a single flower, but he allowed readers to truly feel the abundance, beauty, and fragrance of flowers; they also felt the pleasure of riding a horse and admiring flowers in the bright spring light. 3. What does hoof mean in ancient Chinese?
(1) (Phonetic.
The word "Cong Zu" means "Cong Di". "Di" means "original". , "Original".
"Foot" and "Emperor" combine to mean "original feet". Original meaning: (horse's) natural feet.
Extension. Definition: The typical horny covering on the front of the toes of ungulate mammals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and sheep, which almost completely covers the ends of the toes. It also refers to the feet with horny protection.
Explanation: 1. The feet of wild horses are native, and the feet of domestic horses are nailed with an artificial iron shoe. The horse's feet without iron shoes are called "tianfei", which is "hoof".
2. This word is not found in "Shuowen") (2) Same as the original meaning [hoof], waiting to hoof. ——"The Biography of Gu Liang·The Eighth Year of Duke Zhao".
Explanation: "Hooves are horse feet." Horse hooves can trample frost and snow.
——"Zhuangzi·Horse Hooves" The donkey is overwhelmed by its angry hoofs. (Hoof is used as a verb: to kick.)
——"Three Commandments" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty (3) Another example: cow's hoof; horse's hoof; pig's hoof; hoof water (a small pond with the footprints of cows and horses) ); hoof pit (a small pond with hoof marks); hoof path (a walkway with animal hoofs and bird tracks); hoof fleas (hoof toes and claws); hoof script (imperial edict; edict. Because it is written on He hoof paper) , hence the name) (4) Refers to livestock [draught animals].
(5) Such as: hoof tail (generally refers to animals); hoof legs (legs of livestock); hoof hoof (used to count the number of livestock in ancient times) (6) Rabbit net, catching rabbits So the hoof is the tool [of catching hare] of rabbit, and the hoof is forgotten when catching the rabbit. ——"Zhuangzi·Foreign Objects" (7) Another example: Hoof and Quan (hoof and Quan.
Hoof is a rabbit trap, Quan is a fish trap) (8) See also dì. 4. Translate a classical Chinese article
Original text
Hanhua Burial Chronicles (Ming Dynasty) Gui Youguang 1
Maid, a concubine from the Wei Dynasty. Jiajing Dingyou died in May and was buried in Xuqiu.
If you don't die if you serve me, your life will be at stake!
When the servant girl was a virgin, she was ten years old. She had two servant girls hanging down, wearing a dark green cloth. One day, it was cold and the water chestnuts were boiled over a high fire. The maid cut it into a pot. I came in from outside and took the food, but my maid held it away and refused to give it back. Wei Ruren laughed. Every time the child asked his maid to lean on a few sides to eat, her eyes would slowly move. The boy laughed at him again.
When I think back, it will be ten years since Amhu5. Oh, it's so sad!
Notes
1 Gui Youguang (1507-1571) Ming writer. His courtesy name is Xifu, and he is known as Mr. Zhenchuan. A native of Kunshan (now part of Jiangsu). Jiajing Jinshi. He once served as the Prime Minister of Taipu Temple in Nanjing, wrote the Shizong Records, and wrote the "Collection of Mr. Zhenchuan". His writings are good at using concise and light words to describe the daily trivial matters between family and friends. The words are close and the purpose is far-reaching, and they are full of emotion. His works such as "Xiangjixuan Chronicle" and "Hanhua Burial Chronicle" are extremely famous. Huang Zongxi recommended Zongqi as the first person in Mingwen.
2 Jiajing Dingyou 1537.
3 Xuqiu The ancient Xuqiu city was located in today’s Shandong Province. The "Xuqiu" here seems to be "Qiuxu", which refers to the wasteland.
4 爇 is read as "weak" (ruo), which means to light a fire or burn.
5 Yanhu (yanhu) suddenly.
Translation
Hanhua was the dowry maid of my wife Wei Ruren. She died in May 1537 and was buried on a barren mountain. She serves me but cannot grow old. Is it because we have lost our fate?
Back then, Han Hua was only ten years old when she came here as a bride. She had two ring-shaped buns and a long dark green skirt. One day, it was very cold, so she cooked water chestnuts and peeled a pot full of water chestnuts. I came back from outside and wanted to get water chestnuts to eat. She held the water chestnuts and turned away, refusing to give them to me. My wife Wei Ruren made fun of us when she saw it. His wife would often let her lean against the small table to eat, and her eyes would roll slowly while she ate. My wife pointed at me again and smiled like that.
Looking back on the scene at that time, it has been another ten years in the blink of an eye. Oh, how sad! 5. The poem "horse hoof flying flowers" must contain the word "horse hoof", which can be separated.
When singing and drinking thousands of dendrobiums, watching the hunting horse with thousands of hooves.
The horse treads on the soil but not on the stones, and the horse also cherishes its hooves.
My horse also has four hooves, and it seems like there is no place to go out.
Horse hooves treading water disturb the bright clouds, drunken sleeves catch the wind and receive falling flowers.
The wild flowers are becoming more and more charming, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves.
The spring breeze is proud of the horse's hooves, and I can see all the flowers in Chang'an in one day.
The hawk's eyes are anxious when the grass is dry, and the horse's hooves are light when the snow is gone.
My concubine has shed tears for a long time, how can you cherish the horse's hooves?
Raise your head to catch the flying zodiac, bend down to scatter the horse's hooves.
Good water and good mountains are not enough, and the horse's hooves are urging you to return by the bright moon.
After sitting on the stone, my shirt sleeves feel cold, and when I step on the flowers, I return home with the scent of horseshoes.
Horse hooves are thick with dew, the sound of roosters is faint in the moonlight, and the deserted village road is lonely.
But I recall the drunken way home from the solitary mountain, the horseshoes and snow taking advantage of the east wind.
The spring clothes are white with willow whip, and the horses with green hooves are wearing apricot flowers.
The spirit Qiu passes the evening arrow, and the horse returns to the horse with scattered frost hooves.
The horses’ hooves are newly chiseled, and their silver saddles are covered.
A man’s fingers are about to fall off due to cold, and a horse’s hoofs are also cracked due to cold.
Others change their temples and travel far away from home.
That’s all I know 6. Classical Chinese translation of Qianlima
Guan Gong rode a red rabbit horse and traveled a thousand miles in a day. Zhou Cang holds his sword and follows him, and the sun flies thousands of miles away. The public took pity on him and wanted to find a good horse to give him, but he searched all over the country for thousands of miles. Stopping one horse and traveling nine hundred a day, it is a gift warehouse in the market with a high price. Cang rode his horse from Gong, a distance of one hundred miles in one day and two hundred miles in two days. Cang was afraid of losing his master, so he dismounted and walked. He couldn't bear to abandon the horse, so he collected the horse's hoof with a rope, hung the knife head on it, and flew away with it.
Notes
①掮(qian): to carry on the shoulders
②to hold the horse’s hooves with a rope: to tie four horses’ hooves together with a rope
Translation
Guan Gong rides a red rabbit horse. Guan Gong sympathized with him and wanted to find a good horse to reward Zhou Cang. However, he looked everywhere, but there was no thousand-mile horse. There was only one horse, which could run nine hundred miles a day, so he bought it at a high price and gave it to Zhou Cang. Zhou Cang followed Guan Gong on horseback, but fell behind by a hundred miles on the first day. In two days
we were two hundred miles behind. Zhou Cang was worried that Guan Gong would be lost, so he still dismounted and walked, but he couldn't bear to lose his horse, so he simply tied up the horse's hooves, hung it on the head of the big knife, and ran quickly with his shoulders.