In the second year of Jiayou (1057), the examination department won the second place. When Injong was in palace examination, he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. I went back to Shu to attend my mother's funeral. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1), he was recommended by Ouyang Xiu as the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali. After the expiration of his term of office, his father died. In the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi also worked in North Korea, which was the period when Wang Anshi promoted the new law. He emphasized the reform of official management and opposed sudden changes. It is believed that "caution will lead to success, and light hair will lead to many failures." "Because the opinion was not adopted, he asked to be transferred. Since the fourth year of Xining (107 1), he has served as a judge in Hangzhou, and successively served as a judge in Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Wherever I go, I have achieved a lot. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Cheng and others in Yushi were arrested and imprisoned on charges of slandering the New Deal. Five months later, he was demoted to Huangzhou as an assistant to Ambassador Yingyong. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1094), Li Zong appointed Sima Guang and abolished the new law. Su Shi was transferred back to Ren Zhongshu, Kyoto, and was appointed as a Bachelor of Hanlin. Because of his disagreement with politicians, he was asked to be transferred to other posts. He has served as a well-known person in Hangzhou, Yingzhou and Yangzhou. Later, he moved to the Ministry of Rites and served as a bachelor in Duanmingtang and Hanlin. After Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), Su Shi was banished from Yingzhou and Huizhou to Danzhou (now Dan County, Hainan Province). It was not until the third year of Fu Yuan's reign (1 100) that Hui Zong was pardoned and returned to the north. Died in Changzhou. Song Xiaozong chased Shi Wenzhong.
After several political setbacks, Su Shi has been pursuing life and beautiful things. His main body of thought is Confucianism, and he also absorbed the part connected with Confucianism in his thought of releasing the old, maintaining a philosophical attitude towards life. The literary concept is similar to Ouyang Xiu's. The request is intentional, and the text is applied. Attach importance to the artistic value of literature.
Su Shi was a literary leader and master in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is arbitrary, his poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and vigorous, and he is unique in using exaggeration and metaphor. Bold words, and Xin Qiji called "Su Xin".
There are more than 2,700 poems with rich and diverse themes. This poem shows concern for the fate of the country and the suffering of the people, especially sympathy for the peasants. Such as Litchi Tan, Chen Jichang Zhu Chencun Wedding Picture, Wuqinxi, Wuzhong Tianfu Tan, etc. Poems describing natural scenery are well written, innovative and intriguing. Such as "Rainstorm in Beautiful Hall" and "Xilin Wall". Poetry also reflects the local customs and life scenes of various places, and nothing can enter poetry. The style of writing is vivid, bold and agile, touching the place, and full of emotions, which has become a grand view of a generation.
Prose has made great achievements and is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Articles on history and politics are magnificent and flexible. The prose of narrative travel is full of poetic and picturesque meaning, and also full of rational interest. Xi Yu Ting Ji, Shi Zhongshan Ji and Fu on the Red Wall before and after are his representative works.
There are as many as 3,450 ci poems, which break through the barriers of love between men and women, reflect the real life of society and express the feelings of serving the country and loving the people. "If you don't want to enter, you can't talk about anything", including the performance of farmers' life. Most of the ci styles are vigorous and passionate, frustrated and frustrated. There are also innovations in language and melody. All the way up, there are new eyes and ears. In the history of the development of Ci, the school of bold and unconstrained Ci was created. Representative works include "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou", "When there is a bright moon in the water regulation" and "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia". There are excellent love stories and object-chanting poems, showing a variety of artistic styles.
The complete works of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu are handed down from generation to generation.
Prelude to water melody
When did the moon begin to appear?
I take my glass from a distance.
I don't know the palace in heaven,
What year is tonight?
I want to go home in the wind,
I'm afraid of Qionglou Yuyu,
It's too cold up there.
Dance to see the shadows,
What is it like!
Keywords brick pavilion, low-rise residents,
Take a sleepless photo.
There should be no hatred,
Why should it be different?
People have joys and sorrows,
The moon is cloudy and sunny,
This matter is ancient and difficult to complete.
Wish people a long time,
Thousands of miles * * * ChanJuan.
1. Su Shi's Water Melody is the most famous poem in Mid-Autumn Festival, which has always been popular. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" said: "The Mid-Autumn Festival Ci came out of Dongpo's" Water Tune Song Tou ",and the rest were all useless." This song has always been chosen by people who chose Su Shi's ci in past dynasties.
This word was written in the Mid-Autumn Festival (Song Shenzong Xining 9th year, AD 1076). Su Shi was forty-one years old and was the magistrate of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). At that time, Su Shi and his disciple You had disappeared for six or seven years.
The thoughts and feelings expressed in this word are very obvious. Su Shi was frustrated and disappointed in the Mid-Autumn Festival because of his political frustration and separation from his brother Su Zhe. However, he did not fall into a negative and pessimistic mood, immediately eliminated his worries with transcendental philosophical thoughts, and finally showed the contradictory process of loving human life. However, there were many misunderstandings among predecessors, saying that Zongshen read a sentence in Qionglou Yuyu and sighed, "Su Shi always loved Jun", that is, he moved to Ruzhou. This statement is inconsistent with the facts. After Su Shi moved to Ruzhou in Huangzhou, it can't be said that he moved to Ruzhou because of this word.
Ci's first film mainly expressed his feelings about politics. When will there be a bright moon at the beginning? Asking about wine in the sky is from Li Bai's poem "Drinking and Asking about the Moon": "When is there a moon in the sky? I'm going to stop for a drink and ask. " At the same time, it is pointed out that drinking and enjoying the moon. Then I said, "I don't know the heaven palace, what year is it tonight?" On the surface, it seems to praise the moonlit night; The current situation of the imperial court also has some enlightenment. "What's the evening" in The Book of Songs? Look at this lover! " I don't ask what day it is, but in a praising tone: "What a beautiful day!" " The meaning of. The following three sentences "I want to go home by wind" ostensibly mean "I originally came from the fairy realm, and now I want to return to the' Qionglou Yuyu' where the fairy lives in the sky by wind, but I am afraid I can't stand the cold in the sky". These words also mean that in terms of political opportunities, I want to return to the imperial court, but I am afraid that the party struggle is fierce and it is difficult to shelter. The last sentence "dancing to find a shadow is like being on earth" means that since heaven can't go back, it is better to be on earth. The so-called "soil" here is to be a local official, and as long as you work hard, you can also contribute to the country. After that, he looked up at the bright moon and couldn't help dancing, showing a positive and optimistic mood.
The first part of this poem describes his life experience and contradictory feelings, and the second part expresses his nostalgia for his brother. Su Shi and Su Zhe are brother and sister. According to Su Zhe's "Transcendental Taiwan Narration", "Zi Zhan (Su Shi's character) is in charge of Yuhang and cannot be replaced for three years. In Jinan, I also sought to defend Dongzhou. Since we invited Gaomi, we have an order to move to Mizhou in May. " Su Shi abandoned Hangzhou, which has beautiful lakes and mountains, because brotherhood goes from south to north. But after arriving in Michigan, I still can't see my brother often. Missing my brother constitutes the lyric text of the next paragraph of this word.
There are three sentences in the title of the next film: "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless photos" and "Turn to Zhuge", which means that the moonlight moves to xiang xiuli pavilions. A "low-level household" means that the moonlight shines on people who are sad and don't hate, making them unable to sleep well. Zhuge and Hu Qi are compared with the previous film Qiong Lou Yu Yu. Write both moonlight and people under the moon. This naturally transitions to another theme, personal homesickness. "There should be no hate" is a kind of rhetorical and complaining question to the moon. "There should be no hate" but there is hate in it, which means "Tao is ruthless and affectionate". The following three sentences, "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon is full of rain and shine, and this matter is difficult to achieve in the past", became a comforting tone; Since the moon has a full moon, people have a clutch, which has been the case since ancient times, then there is nothing to be sad about. I only hope that the two brothers will cherish each other in the distant time and enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Cicada Juan, a beautiful face in the moonlight. This sentence comes from the sentence of "the moon is bright and thousands of miles away" in Xie Zhuang Yuefu. People who understand the distance can "go to Wan Li", so they can "have no complaints". Ending the whole word in a beautiful state is as positive and optimistic as the ending of the last film "Dancing out the Shadow, What Is It?". On the one hand, it is a comfort to the brothers who can't reunite, and it is also a comfort to their own political experiences.
The first and second parts of this word have the meaning of philosophy of life. For example, in the conclusion of the first part, "dancing for shadows seems to be in the world", which is similar to what Tao Qian said in the Peach Blossom Garden poem: "All saints live in one place, and the world is clear and muddy. My heart was idle, I saw it, and I remembered that it suddenly passed away. In other words, no matter where you are, there are realms, sacred areas, clear boundaries and turbid boundaries. When a person is open-minded and open-minded, he is in the sacred area and in the pure land. On the contrary, the pure land and the holy land are gone. At the same time, this is also the Confucian view that "no one is complacent." With the concept of treating things correctly, you can make a difference and feel at ease wherever you are. If you can be happy on earth, why go to heaven? Being a local official outside can also achieve something. Why do you have to go back to the imperial court? The next movie "Too Late to Complete" contains the following meanings: there can be no perfect things in the world forever, and there must be a reunion and a parting in life; This is exactly the same as when the moon is full. This is the law of nature.
There are also some words with philosophy of life in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty literati ci collections, and Su Shi further developed these words. Although this word contains philosophy of life, it is expressed through a perfect literary artistic conception. The first thing we feel is the beautiful moonlight on the Mid-Autumn Festival night, and what we experience is the author's rich feelings, not boring preaching. At the same time, although there are contradictions between birth and WTO, between emotion and reason, in the end, feelings are dissolved by reason, and there is no negative thought of pessimism and disappointment, and emotions are healthy. At the same time, this word has a strong artistic appeal. So it has become a masterpiece praised by people for thousands of years.
2. This word was written in Chen Bingnian, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Xining, Song Shenzong (1076), and it was also the third year that Su Shi took office in Mizhou. Words can be divided into Shang and Xia. There is a full moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, wine in the cup, and more is the poet's deep thinking, melancholy, confusion, fantasy, acacia, and finally transparency. Su Shi wrote in the preface of the poem: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, enjoy drinking, get drunk and rest. I am pregnant with this article." Close your eyes and put yourself in such a scene. The lingering fragrance in the glass, together with the alcohol flowing in the blood, carefully and violently touches the sensitive nerves of the drinker at this time. I have never experienced drunkenness, but I have seen some and heard some. I am thinking, what kind of feeling will people feel at that moment? In the moonlight, a drunk person may not be able to tell whether his vision is blurred or the outline of things is blurred. And I think that in vague reports, there must be some certainty of existence that dominates people's will.
"When is the bright moon? Ask the sky for wine. " Time is advancing and the times are changing, but it seems that it is not easy to change the way people find their own venting. I remember watching people get drunk many times on TV. They exposed their desire to ask questions in the vacillating visual space, but they didn't seem to try to find any desired answers. Mid-Autumn Night always brings a deep feeling of lovesickness. Although I have experienced the loneliness of lovesickness, I can't tell the difference between this night and the remaining 364 nights in a year. Perhaps people have used this as an excuse to quietly admit their negative side. Su Shi stared at the bright moon in the deep blue sky, relished the smell of wine slipping through his throat, and asked questions, which made us see his confusion and melancholy. This way of asking questions reminds me of Li Bai's writing in Drinking asking for the moon: "When is there a moon in the sky? I want to stop and ask. " I used to think that the sky was vast enough to accommodate every wandering person's question about the life of the universe, but I found that people were piously waiting to be laughed at by the emptiness of the sky, the answer was buried too deep, and people were still empty and at a loss. But perhaps, asking questions about heaven is a form of preference of the ancients, or a manifestation of stubbornness. "I don't know the palace in the sky. What year is this evening? " This sentence sets a new question while answering the previous question, which is Su Shi's deeper thinking. Two related problems make the poet's rich fantasy appear naturally and reasonably.
"I want to go home by the wind, but I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu. It is too cold at the top." This sentence refers to the fantasy that the poet draws from reality. I think Su Shi is a person who is easy to indulge in nature. Just like the poet in his "A Thousand Red Cliffs", he inadvertently integrated himself with the things around him. I think this may be because of Su Shi's romantic personality and elegant feelings, or because the objective entity of nature will not bring any imprisonment and oppression to people's thoughts and spirits, and it will dilute people's subjective feelings more or less. At that time, Su Shi was suffering from political defeat-he was transferred to a local official because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, and his future was bleak. In addition, his inner depression is like a strong medicine, which makes him have the idea of "going home with the wind". This also precisely reflects Su Shi's thought of "being born". The last sentence of uptown, "dancing to find the shadow is like being on earth!" " The friction between reality and fantasy reveals Su Shi's complex mentality of contradiction between "being born" and "joining the WTO". He once again asked questions that neither God nor himself could answer. His inner desolation, helplessness and loneliness are exposed in the "bright moon" against the "blue sky" and released in the fantasy and real reality in his mind.
I think that when the mood is complicated or chaotic, relying on some pure emotions may be a way to get salvation. Su Shi's longing for his younger brother's traveling is not only the product of the specific environment at that time, but also a way for him to seek self-comfort. In poetry, the poet expresses the natural expression of personal feelings with beautiful artistic forms, and also shows us that disappointment and sadness in life are transformed into philosophical broadmindedness.
"Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." At this time, the moon was endowed with signs of life, and the flow of moonlight from Hong Ting to carved doors and windows coincided with Su Shi's fluctuating thoughts. The moonlight finally fell on the sleepless people. This painting reminds me of Li Bai's Moonlight, which I often recited when I was a child: "The foot of the bed is so bright, can it have frost?" . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " It seems that the pain of missing will always appear deeper and stronger in the moonlight. "There should be no hate. Why do you want to leave each other? " People will see the lonely whole body more clearly in reluctance, because of the shadow reflected by the moonlight in the dark. Su Shi met the most complete and bright side of the moon at the height of his lovesickness, but the moon, which silently and slowly released heat, was simply ignorant. The poet questioned the moon in a rhetorical tone: The moon has no hatred, why should it look like a crystal plate when people walk, and why should it increase people's disappointment that the full moon is not round? Is this a premeditated mockery? Or is it another kind of sympathy?
"People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This matter is ancient and difficult. " This is not only an answer to the previous sentence, but also a poet's rethinking of life: since ancient times, there has been nothing perfect in the world-there must be joys and sorrows in a person's life, and there must be parting in a reunion, just like the moon will encounter yin, sunny, round and lack. Some people say that this is Su Shi's philosophical thinking on life, and he realized the incompleteness and duality of things. Su Shi turned emotion into reason, grief into clarity, and found the path of self-forgiveness in the interpretation of life. But I want to ask myself: when people can't think of other ways out, do they often find something that seems to be "related to their own lives" for analogy, so as to get a little comfort? In the last sentence of the whole article, Su Shi wrote: "I hope people will live for a long time and have a beautiful scenery thousands of miles away." Xie Zhuang's poem Yuefu in the Southern Song Dynasty also wrote: "The beauty walks in the dust, and there is a bright moon thousands of miles away." Since nothing is perfect in the world, you don't have to be sad all the time when you leave your loved ones. You just want to be healthy forever and enjoy the bright moon thousands of miles away. Needless to say, the surface of the word proves the poet's free and easy and broad-minded-the poet seems to have sublimated his understanding of life, turned all previous doubts into a kind of good wishes, and the mood full of confusion, depression, sadness and sadness was finally replaced by a positive and optimistic mood. But I want to ask Su Shi at that time, are those doubts really so easy to dissipate? All the loneliness, confusion, despair and helplessness related to "pessimism" exist in an invisible inner abyss. How valuable is it?
I remember that in the Southern Song Dynasty, Hu Zai once said in Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua: "Mid-Autumn Festival Ci has been published since Dongpo's Shuidiao Song Tou, and the rest of the Ci has been abandoned." I think people like the trend of radical development of things, and I think this is a mode that Su Shi chose when he wrote this word. Ci is full of rich imagination, rich description, rich emotion and rich ideological turning point-a change that makes people suddenly enlightened. Unfortunately, I feel that these jumps revealed between the lines appear too suddenly and come too fast, which seems to be beyond the scope of time measurement. Therefore, some people think that there is deception hidden in the words, and feel sorry for the poet's efforts to cover up and cover up his own pain. However, some people laugh at their own ideas. Perhaps the conversion between joy and sadness can be an instant, or there is no obvious difference between joy and sadness at all. Su Shi just wants to express the transition between his inner thoughts and emotions.