Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Du Fu
Original text:
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me, and I can't stand being a thief in the opposite direction and openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest. My lips are burnt, my mouth is dry, and I can't breathe. When I came back, I sighed at my staff.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. What's the point of getting wet all night?
There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
Translation and annotation
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In August, it is already late autumn, and the wind is howling. The wind blew away several layers of thatch on my roof. The thatched grass flew across Huanhuaxi and scattered on the other side of the river. The high-flying thatch is wrapped around the high treetops, and the low-flying thatch floats and sinks into ponds and depressions.
A group of children in Nancun bullied me, so they had the heart to be "thieves" to grab things face to face and run into the bamboo forest with thatch in their arms. I'm thirsty and I can't stop drinking. When I came back, I sighed alone on crutches.
After a while, the wind stopped and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. In late autumn, the sky becomes dark and foggy. This cloth has been covered for years, cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child's sleeping posture is not good and the quilt is torn. When it rains, the roof leaks, and there is no dry place at home. The rain on the roof keeps leaking down like hemp thread. Since the Anshi Rebellion, I haven't slept much. The nights are long, the house leaks and the bed is wet. How can I stay up until dawn?
How can we get thousands of spacious and tall houses, generally shelter the poor people in the world and make them smile, while the houses are unmoved in the wind and rain, as stable as Mount Tai? Alas! When will such a towering house appear in front of me? At that time, even if my hut is blown down by the autumn wind, I will willingly freeze to death myself!
To annotate ...
(1) Autumn height: autumn depth. Howl (háo): Roar loudly.
(2) Three layers of thatch: several layers of thatch. Third, it refers to more.
(3) juàn: hanging, hanging. Hang up the phone. Length (cháng): height.
(4) Pond depression: a low-lying place with stagnant water (i.e. pond). Pond, a "hall". A depression, a lowland by the water.
I can stand being a thief: I have the heart to be such a "thief". Hold on, have the heart to do this. Face to face. Do sth.
[6] into the bamboo forest: into the bamboo forest.
(7) I can't shout: I can't drink it.
(ǐ ng): Soon, later, later.
(9) Autumn is bleak and dark (pronounced hè in ancient times): It means that the autumn sky is gloomy and foggy and gradually darkens.
⑽ cloth quilt (qρn): cloth quilt. Quilt, quilt
⑾ Joule lies down with cracked feet: the child can't sleep well and the quilt is broken. Bad sleep, bad sleep. To cause to crack.
⑿ There is no dry place in the bedside house: it means that there is no dry place in the whole house. House leakage, according to the definition of Ci Yuan, refers to the northwest corner of the house, where the ancients opened the skylight and the sun shone in. "The bedside table is leaking" refers to the whole room.
[13] Rain feet are like hemp: it describes that raindrops are uninterrupted and dense as drooping hemp thread. Rain feet, raindrops.
[14] sāng Rebellion: War refers to An Shi Rebellion.
⒂ Wet: wet and dry. He Yuche: How can I stay until dawn? Gee, Che Xiao.
Andrew: How can I get it? Lisa: A spacious house.
⒄ Great Shelter (b √): Full coverage and coverage. Hide, cover, cover. Poor scholar: "scholar" originally refers to literati, that is, intellectuals, and here refers to poor scholars. All: all. Smile: Smile happily.
⒄ Alas: Writing a sigh means sighing, which is equivalent to "alas".
⒅ ⒅ (W ⒅): The towering appearance is used to describe Guangsha here. See (xiàn): through "now", appear.
Pet-name ruby: hut. Also: a "meaning". Foot: It's worth it.
References:
1, Patten, etc. Complete works of Tang poetry (1). Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986: 523.2, Yu Haidi et al. Complete works of Tang poetry appreciation. Beijing: China Overseas Chinese Publishing House, 2010:1865438+1998:173-175.4, Li Jing, etc. Complete works of appreciation of Tang poetry and Song poetry. Beijing: China Press, 2009:118-119.
Creation background
This poem was written in August of 76 1 year (the second year of Tang Suzong Shangyuan). In the autumn of 759 AD (in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu), and then to Baling via Tonggu (now Chengxian, Gansu). In the spring of 760 AD (three years), Du Fu asked for relatives and built a small house near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and finally got a place to live. Unexpectedly, in August of 76 1 year (the second year of Shangyuan), a strong wind broke the house and a rainstorm followed. At that time, the Anshi Rebellion had not subsided. The poet linked his own experience with the hardships of Wanfang since the war and wrote this well-known poem, which kept him awake all night.
References:
1, Yu Haidi et al. Complete works of Tang poetry appreciation. Beijing: China Overseas Chinese Publishing House, 2010:181.2, Li Jing, etc. Complete works of appreciation of Tang poetry and Song poetry. Beijing: China Press, 2009: 165438.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem can be divided into four parts.
There are five * * * rhymes in the first paragraph, and there are bursts of wind from the five rhymes of "good", "Mao", "intersection" and "depression".
"In the autumn of August, the wind roared, and my family's three hairs." The momentum was rapid. The word "wind whistling" has a grand sound, like the roar of autumn wind. The word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, which makes the next sentence not only full of action, but also full of strong emotional color-the poet finally built this hut and just settled down, but the autumn wind roared and rolled up layers of thatch, making the poet anxious.
The word "flying" of "Mao Fei crossed the river and scattered in the suburbs of the river" is closely related to the word "rolling" in the previous sentence. The rolled thatch did not fall beside the house, but flew over the river with the wind, and then scattered like raindrops in the suburbs of the river: "The highest one hangs on the top of the forest." It is also difficult to take back "those who go down float and sink in the pool". One after another, the dynamics of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "falling", "hanging" and "drifting" not only constitute vivid pictures, but also touch the poet's sight and touch his heartstrings.
The genius of the poet lies in that he does not express his feelings abstractly, but reflects his feelings in an objective description. These poems show a thin and shabby old man standing outside the house on crutches, watching the roaring autumn wind roll up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing across the river and scattered all over the suburbs of the river. His anxiety and resentment about the broken house caused by the strong wind can not but arouse the reader's soul.
There are five sentences with * * * in the second paragraph, which is the development and supplement of the previous section.
The thatch in the "Shejiang suburb" written in the previous section cannot be restored. In addition, there are thatched grass that fell on the flat ground and can be recovered, but it was carried away by "Nancun Quntong". The word "bully me" should be focused. If the poet is not "old and weak", but strong and energetic, he will naturally not be bullied like this. "Being able to face a thief" means that those children are intent on being thieves before his eyes. But in fact, this only shows the resentment of the poet who was bullied because he was "old and weak", and it is not true that "Quner" was accused of being a thief. They wanted to sue the government for crimes. So "my lips are so dry that I can't breathe", and there is nothing I can do. In the words of poet Du Fu's poem "Wu Lang Again", this is "it is better to be poor than poor". If the poet was not very poor, he would not be so worried about the thatch being blown away by the wind; If the "group children" were not poor, they would not have braved the wind to carry away those worthless thatches. This is all over. The broad mind and lofty desire of "a peaceful building makes the poor in the world happy" is based on the reality of "the four seas are poor"
"Come back and lean on the stick and sigh" always receives a paragraph or two. As soon as the poet heard the barking of the north wind, he was worried that the hut that was not strong enough would be in danger, so he went out on crutches and walked home helplessly until the wind blew the thatch of the house beyond recovery. "Leaning on the staff" is of course to take care of the "old and weak". The word "self" in "self-sigh" is very painful. The poet's unfortunate experience was only his own sigh, which did not arouse others' sympathy and help. Then the world is weak, which means that the content of his "sigh" is very profound. When he was devastated by the wind, homeless and unable to get sympathy and help from others, he clearly thought of countless poor people in similar situations.
What the author lamented: 1. His own sufferings II. The suffering of people around him. The suffering caused by war.
The third paragraph * * * eight sentences, written about the bitter feelings of broken houses and continuous rain.
The phrase "the wind will instantly set the color of clouds and ink, and the autumn is bleak and dark" uses a lot of pen and ink to render a gloomy and sad atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's gloomy and sad mood. It is expected that there will be dense raindrops sprinkled on the ground from the bleak autumn sky.
The phrase "clothes are cold and iron for many years, jiao zi lies with her feet cracked" cannot be written by an author with poor life experience. It is worth noting that this is not only a worn-out cloth quilt, but also a preparation for later writing. In Chengdu in August, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the rain is endless" that I feel cold.
"Since I can't sleep, how can I get wet overnight?" Two sentences, one vertical and one closed. First, from the present situation to all kinds of painful experiences since the An Shi Rebellion, from the stormy hut to the war-torn country; As soon as I closed it, I returned to the reality of "getting wet all night". Worrying about the country and the people, "getting wet all night", the poet naturally can't sleep. The "long night" is that the author feels that the night is longer because of the continuous rain in his house, and because he and his country are struggling in the wind and rain. "Why is there a car" and the previous "unbroken" concern show the poet's urgent mood of looking forward to both rain and dawn. And this kind of mood is inspired by the predicament of broken houses and iron clothes. Therefore, the poet links personal difficulties with the similar situation of others, and naturally transitions to the end of the whole poem.
"There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy, and the wind and rain are like mountains." Words with seven characters before and after, and nine characters in the middle, which express broad realm and comfortable mood, such as "Guangsha", "Thousand Rooms", "Great Shelter", "The World", "Happy Face" and "An Rushan", are loud and clear. This kind of feelings, singing is not enough to express, so the poet issued a heartfelt sigh: "alas!" " When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! "Expressing the author's feelings of worrying about the country and the people shows the author's noble demeanor, and the poet's broad mind and lofty ideals have been vividly demonstrated so far.
The feelings expressed by the author of this poem are basically the same as those expressed in Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower", that is, "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards". It also expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of caring for the people's sufferings and the country and the people.
Belinsky, a famous Russian literary critic, once said, "No poet can be great by describing himself, whether describing his own pain or his own happiness. Any great poet is great because their roots of pain and happiness have been deeply rooted in the soil of society and history, because he is the organ and representative of society, times and mankind. " Du Fu described his own pain in this poem, but he did not describe his own pain in isolation and simply, but expressed the pain of "poverty in the world" by describing his own pain, so as to express the suffering of society and the times. He didn't just bemoan his misfortune, but he couldn't sleep. He shouted loudly. In the autumn night when the wind and rain hit mercilessly, in the poet's mind, not only "my family is broken alone", but also the hut of "the poor in the world". Du Fu's ardent feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his lofty ideal of urgently demanding to change the dark reality have been exciting readers' hearts for thousands of years and played a positive role.
This poem depicts the scene where the house leaks in the autumn night and it rains all night, and truly records a fragment of the life of the thatched cottage. Finally, I was born in a strange place, pushed myself and others with my own personal experience, further put aside my hardships and dreamed up a vast mansion that sheltered the poor in the world. This unrealistic fantasy is based on the poet's idea of taking the country as the country and drowning in hunger; The broad-minded performance makes the work exude a positive romantic atmosphere. The language of the whole poem is extremely concise, the image is prominent, the waves are superimposed, and there is no treatment, so it can be gripping.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is contained in Complete Tang Poems, Volume 2 19. The following are the main points of appreciation of this poem by Professor Huo, a Chinese classical literature expert, literary theorist and director of the Institute of Literature of Shaanxi Normal University.
This poem is about his own hut, but it shows his feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
This poem can be divided into four parts. There are five sentences in the first section, each of which rhymes, and there are bursts of wind from the five flat rhymes of "good", "wool", "intersection" and "depression". "In the autumn of August, the wind roared, and my family's three hairs." The momentum was rapid. The word "wind howling" is loud and loud, which reads like roaring in the autumn wind. A word "anger" personifies the autumn wind, which makes the next sentence not only full of action, but also full of strong feelings. The poet finally built the hut, and just settled down, but the autumn wind deliberately opposed him, whistling and rolling up layers of thatch. How can he not make the poet extremely anxious? The word "flying" of "Mao Fei crossed the river and scattered in the suburbs of the river" is closely related to the word "rolling" in the previous sentence. The rolled thatch did not fall beside the house, but flew over the river with the wind, and then scattered like raindrops in the suburbs of the river: "The highest one hangs on the top of the forest." It is also difficult to take back "those who go down float and sink in the pool". One after another, the dynamics of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "falling", "hanging" and "drifting" not only constitute vivid pictures, but also touch the poet's sight and touch his heartstrings. The genius of the poet lies in that he does not express his feelings abstractly, but reflects his feelings in an objective description. After reading these poems, readers can clearly see a thin and ragged old man standing outside the house on crutches, watching the roaring autumn wind roll up the thatch on his house layer by layer, blowing through Jiang Fa and spreading all over the suburbs by the river; And his anxiety and resentment about the broken house caused by the strong wind can't help but arouse the reader's spirit.
Five sentences in the second quarter. This is a development and supplement to the previous section. The thatch "sprinkled on the periphery of the river" written in the last section cannot be recovered. Others can be recovered after falling on the ground, but they were carried away by the "Nancun Group Children". The word "bully me" should be focused. If the poet is not "old and weak", but strong and energetic when he is young, he will naturally not be bullied like this. "Being able to face a thief" means: I have a heart to be a thief in front of my eyes! This just shows the resentment of the poet who was bullied because he was "old and weak", and it is not true that "Quner" was accused of being a "thief" and wanted to sue the government for crimes. So "my lips are so dry that I can't breathe", and there is nothing I can do. In the words of the poet "Youwulang", this is precisely "it is better to have this than to be poor." If the poet was not very poor, he would not be so worried about the wind blowing away the thatch; If "Tuaner" was not very poor, he would not have braved the wind to hold those worthless thatches. This is all over. The lofty aspiration of "owning endless buildings and protecting the faces of the poor in the world" is based on the reality of "being poor all over the world".
"Come back and lean on the stick and sigh" always receives a paragraph or two. As soon as the poet heard the barking of the north wind, he was worried that the hut that was not strong enough would be in danger, so he went out on crutches and walked home helplessly until the wind blew the thatch of the house beyond recovery. "Leaning on the staff" is of course to take care of the "old and weak". The word "self" in "self-sighing" hurts! The poet's unfortunate experience was only his own sigh, which did not arouse others' sympathy and help, so the desalination of the world style was intentionally outside the words, so the content of his "sigh" was very profound. When he was devastated by the wind, homeless and unable to get sympathy and help from others, he clearly thought of countless poor people in similar situations.
In the third season, eight sentences were written about the miserable situation of broken houses and continuous rain. The phrase "the wind will instantly set the color of clouds and ink, and the autumn is bleak and dark" uses a lot of pen and ink to render a gloomy and sad atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's gloomy and sad mood. It is expected that there will be dense raindrops sprinkled on the ground from the bleak autumn sky. The phrase "clothes are cold and iron for many years, jiao zi lies with her feet cracked" cannot be written by an author with poor life experience. It is worth noting that this is not only a worn-out cloth quilt, but also a preparation for later writing. In Chengdu in August, the weather is not "cold". It is precisely because "there is no dry place at the head of the bed, and the rain is endless" that I feel cold. "Since I can't sleep, how can I get wet overnight?" Two sentences, one vertical and one closed. First, from the present situation to all kinds of painful experiences since the An Shi Rebellion, from the stormy hut to the war-torn country; As soon as I closed it, I returned to the reality of "getting wet all night". Worried about the country and the people, plus "getting wet all night", it is difficult to sleep. "Why is there a car" and the previous "unbroken" concern show the poet's urgent mood of looking forward to both rain and dawn. And this kind of mood is inspired by the predicament of broken houses and iron clothes. Therefore, the personal hardship is linked to the similar situation of others, and naturally it comes to the end of the whole poem.
"There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy, and the wind and rain are as calm as a mountain." Seven characters are used before and after, and nine characters are used in the middle. The words "Guangsha", "Thousand Rooms", "Great Shelter", "Tianxia", "Happy Face" and "Anrushan" are loud and clear. This unrestrained passion and fiery hope, without singing, sighed, "alas! Suddenly I saw this house in front of me, and I froze to death alone! " The poet's broad mind and lofty ideals have been vividly demonstrated so far.
Belinsky once said: "No poet can be great because of himself, by describing himself, whether describing his own pain or describing his own happiness. Any great poet is great because their roots of pain and happiness have been deeply rooted in the soil of society and history, because he is the organ and representative of society, times and mankind. " Du Fu described his own sufferings in this poem, but when the reader finished reading the last verse, he realized that he did not describe his own sufferings in isolation and simply, but expressed the sufferings of society and times by describing his own sufferings, thus expressing the sufferings of the "poor people in the world". In the autumn night when the wind and rain hit mercilessly, the poet's mind was not only troubled by "my hut was broken alone", but also by "human pity" Du Fu's ardent feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his lofty ideal of urgently demanding to change the dark reality have been exciting readers' hearts for thousands of years and played a positive role.
References:
1, Cheng, etc. A dictionary of Tang poetry appreciation. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1983: 528-53 1.
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