It is a style in ancient China, emphasizing literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose. It is characterized by "spreading articles, writing things and writing ambitions", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotions through scenery. It first appeared in hundred schools of thought's essays and was called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu". The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu". After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose". In the Tang dynasty, it changed from parallel style to regular style, which was called "law fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu". Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Chibi by Su Shi, etc.
2. Parallel prose
This style originated from the Han and Wei Dynasties, formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It appears alternately with four characters and six characters, and is called "Liu Siwen" in the world. Parallel prose often affects the expression of content by accommodating sentence patterns and piling up words. After Han and Liu advocated the ancient prose movement, parallel prose gradually declined. The famous Book with Zhu was written by the monarch of the Southern Dynasty.
Step 3 be original
The original intention is the ancient argumentative style. This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.
argue
"Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts. For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong.
say
The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles. It was not much different from Lun, so it was later collectively referred to as reasoning analysis. On the preface to the essay, it says: "The speaker explains, explains the meaning, and explains with his own meaning." The articles of this genre we have studied include On Teachers, On Horses, On young chinese, On Snake Catchers, On Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, etc.
6. at
Theory is a kind of essay style, according to Yun: "Commentator, discuss also". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies. For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, in political theory, it is fallacious for a bachelor and doctor to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classics and history. " For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin.
7. monument
Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on. "The article has a body order": "Seven countries used to call books, and Qin changed books to play. There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, play until it collapses; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of deliberation, there is deliberation. "
(1) sparse. It means detailed report. For example, Jia Yi's On Accumulation and Sparse Storage.
(2) table. Just stating a point or something. Such as Zhuge Liang's "model".
(3) countermeasures. In ancient exams, the topic was strategy, so that candidates could answer strategies, and the articles that candidates answered were called countermeasures, such as Su Shi's "Teaching War and Defending Strategies".
8. Preface and practice
Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface", it is an article that explains the intention, arrangement style and author of writing or publishing a book. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues. "preface" is usually written at the front of a book or article (some are listed at the back, such as historical records? Taishi Gongxu), listed at the back of the book is called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content. Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.
9. preface
Stylistic name. In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud. After that, all farewell articles, which are not attached to the poem, are also called prefaces, and their contents are mostly words of praise or encouragement. We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty.
10. Ming
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". Inscriptions carved on cards and placed on the right side of the case to protect themselves, such as Liu Yuxi's "My Humble Room", are called "mottos". An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory. Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou.
1 1.
Articles read when offering sacrifices to the dead or gods such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers. There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experiences of the deceased before his death, to praise his main moral character and achievements, to mourn and to inspire the living. Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law".
12. Myth; legend
One of the novel genres. Named for its bizarre and magical plot. Generally used to refer to short stories written in classical Chinese by people in Tang and Song Dynasties. Such as Biography of Liu Yi and Biography of Conan. Because "legends" are mostly based on later rap and drama, Song and Yuan operas, Yuan zaju operas and Ming and Qing operas are also called "legends". For example, Tang Xianzu, a playwright in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Peony Pavilion, and Kong in the early Qing Dynasty wrote the legendary drama Peach Blossom Fan.
[Edit this paragraph] V. Style of history books
1. chronological style
Chronological historical events, such as Zuo Zhuan.
2. Biography
Reflect historical events by describing people's activities, such as historical records.
3. Chronicle of the original body
Take the event as the center and collect relevant thematic materials. Originated from Yuan Shu in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, Yuan Shu's History as a Mirror.
4. Country style
History recorded separately by country. For example, the warring States policy.
Step 5 copy
It is often used by disciples to record the words and deeds of tutors, and sometimes it is also used for Buddhist missionary records. Because it only pays attention to the recording of a few words, it does not pay attention to the color of words, does not talk about the structure of words, and does not talk about the inevitable connection between articles and even paragraphs in time and content. Such as: The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
5. General history
Constantly recount historical events from ancient times to the present, such as historical records.
6. dynastic history
Record the history of a certain period or dynasty, such as Hanshu.
The above six styles are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can be divided into different styles according to different standards. For example, The History of the Three Kingdoms belongs to biographical style, national style and dynastic history.
However, the limitation of "narrative" is a bit embarrassing for ancient style.