1February, 279, after Yashan failed to resist Yuan, Lu Xiufu threw his wife and children into the sea, jumped up on his back and disappeared into the vast sea, and the Southern Song Dynasty was also declared completely extinct.
The Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, not the Southern Song Dynasty. Less than a hundred years after the Yuan Dynasty ruled the Central Plains, Zhu Yuanzhang rushed back to Mobei. Many people are not very familiar with the history of the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty that could not be ignored in China's modern history. Why?
Han culture has always been the mainstream culture in the history of China, but it was only a branch in the Yuan Dynasty. Mongolians have no interest in the profound Chinese culture. As a historically recognized orthodox dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty was only a branch of the mysterious Mongolian Empire, which made the Han people somewhat lost. Yuan Dadu is not their highest headquarters, and their headquarters is still stationed in Mobei.
The Yuan Dynasty was a funny dynasty, with a limited number of Mongols, but it ruled such a huge empire, and its management was obviously insufficient. China is a multi-ethnic country with great differences in regional culture and religious beliefs. Mongols believe in Tibetan Buddhism and know nothing about Confucian culture. Confucianism has even less influence on them than Islam and Christianity.
Due to the differences in regions and living habits, there are great differences between Mongolian and Han nationality. They are a people on horseback, and they are very mobile. Han people in the eastern world like to live in groups and enjoy stability. It seems that Mongolians are not interested in everything in the East, including Chinese characters, civilized manners, laws and regulations, language habits, agricultural production and so on. On the contrary, they yearn for the western world.
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty didn't like China culture, so didn't China culture develop in the Yuan Dynasty?
In fact, many scholars put forward the Yuan Dynasty. On the Destruction of China Culture? This statement is very controversial. However, I think that since the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were not interested in China culture, there would be no damage! The territory of the Yuan Dynasty has expanded to a vast area in the west, and it has been greatly influenced by western ideas, so people's minds are more open, and the Yuan Dynasty does not have to avoid the emperor's? Taboo? , nothing? Three cardinal guides and five permanent members? Such as cumbersome etiquette, but they have a certain interest in religion. In order to promote religion, the Yuan Dynasty once went to Mobei grassland and held a big debate between Taoism and Buddhism.
There was a complete hierarchy in the Yuan Dynasty: one official, two officials, three monks, four roads, five doctors, six workers, seven hunters, eight people, nine scholars and ten beggars. Confucianism, which has always been admired by China culture, turns out to be the penultimate. Do you understand now? Smelly Laojiu? How did it come from? There is still a big difference between the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the history of the Song Dynasty and respected the facts, while the rulers of the Qing Dynasty compiled the history of the Ming Dynasty and vilified Daming. In the Qing Dynasty, there were different grades of Manchu and Han, but the rulers kept learning the advanced culture of China. Perhaps this is the reason why the Qing Dynasty can be passed down for nearly 300 years, and the Yuan Dynasty was only over 90 years old.
Farming in the Central Plains was the core element of every dynasty in China feudal society. ? But in the Yuan Dynasty, China was a different scene. Mongolians have traveled all over Asia and Europe. In the economic, trade, political and cultural exchanges between Asia and Europe, the farming civilization in the Central Plains seems so dismissive. If there is nothing available, there will naturally be no leadership, so the social status of the Han people at that time was very low. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established Daming, the Han people were able to hold their heads high.
Kelpolo once brought Central Plains culture to Europe, making China a place that Europe and other western countries yearn for. The emperors of many dynasties in China always put themselves in a very high position and always claimed to be the kingdom of China. This self-righteous style has isolated itself and lost the opportunity to communicate and learn from the outside world.
The Yuan Dynasty seemed different. They fought everywhere and were exposed to different ideas and cultures, such as Christianity, Islam and Confucianism. With cultural exchange, their thoughts will progress. Not as good as Han people, they like xenophobia, refuse to accept new things, refuse to learn advanced technology from others, so that they simply close their doors until they wake up.