1, recite the epic-use the title to play-"attack one point, not as good as the rest" on historical facts. Use concise words and selected images to integrate feelings about nature, society and history.
2. Thinking: people or things in history-describing the ups and downs of ancient and modern times-expressing the main idea.
The representatives of the epic are Liu Yuxi and Du Mu. When appreciating, we should pay special attention to the similarities between historical figures or events and poets' life experiences. )
The main contents of this epic:
1) Express the feelings of cherishing the memory of the people or history, or admire the ancient sages, and aspire to make contributions like the ancients.
2) Through the admiration and tribute to the ancients, I deeply felt my own life experience, showing the unhappiness of untimely birth and untimely growth.
3) lamenting the ups and downs of the past, reciting the past is actually hurting the present and allegorizing social reality.
Common expressive techniques of chanting epic poems;
1, compare. Through the contrast between the prosperity of the past and the desolation of today, the desolation of today is highlighted.
For example, in Li Bai's "Visit to Yue Gu", "The King of Yue Gou Jian broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned in fine clothes, and the ladies-in-waiting were like flowers in the hall. Now there are only partridges flying." The first three sentences render the prosperity of Gou Jian's destruction of Wu's return to China, while the last one directly translates into the desolation after Wu's death. Li Bainan expressed his ups and downs when he visited wuyue, and mocked the dissolute life of Tang Xuanzong, the ruler at that time.
2. Enter the scenery. Poets are good at blending feelings into scenery descriptions without trace.
For example, Du Fu's scholarly couplet "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing and leaves are happy" describes what he saw and heard when he entered Wuhou Temple. "Self" means "self" and "emptiness" means "futility". The green grass reflects the order, but it is spring scenery, and the poet has no intention to appreciate it; The orioles in the lush leaves just sang Haruka in vain, but the poet didn't want to listen. Why? At this moment, the poet thinks that all the achievements of Zhuge Liang's life have been wasted, and naturally feels sad and lonely. Isn't the grass color and oriole in front of you a portrayal of this mood?
3. personification. Taking things as evidence, all these things have eternal temporal and spatial significance, such as the moon or the Yangtze River, which are personified as the witness of historical ups and downs.
Such as Liu Yuxi's "Shicheng", "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. In the old moon to the east of Huaishui, I also came to Nvbi late at night. " This "old moon" appeared as a witness to the historical changes of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties in Shicheng.
4. irony. Poets often express their personal views on the deeds of emperors and generals when they are nostalgic. This view is often critical because of the poet's people-oriented position, which constitutes irony, and this irony is more implicit because of the particularity of the object.
For example, Du Mu's Three Poems on the Palace of Qing Dynasty (I): "Looking back at Chang 'an, there are piles of embroideries, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times. Riding the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi. "Huaqing Palace is a palace built by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong and Yang Guifei used to play here. In the poem, I don't understand that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was dissolute and lustful, and the imperial concubine was spoiled and spoiled, but it vividly contrasted with "galloping on the world of mortals" and "smiling at the concubine", which is easily reminiscent of the story of the national subjugation laughing at the concubine. This writing intention is self-evident, implicit and intriguing, and does not directly express its own views.
5. let's go. Refers to the poet's intention to describe from the side, as a foil, to make the things to be expressed more vivid and prominent.
For example, the scenery description in Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia is "flying stones flying over the air, crashing into the shore and rolling up thousands of piles of snow", paving the way for Zhou Yu's appearance with magnificent scenery, and also setting off Zhou Yu's heroic achievements and heroic spirit from the side.
6. Use allusions. The use of allusions can convey rich ideas with a small amount of words and enhance the expressive force of poetry.
For example, Xin Qiji's "Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia for the Past" has successively used allusions such as Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Beaver Temple and Lian Po, and also used historical facts to satirize the present situation to illustrate practical problems. The praise of Sun and Liu is an indictment of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. Liu Yilong's irony is to warn Han Yi that he is not ready to recover the Central Plains. The sigh in Under the Beaver Temple is a dissatisfaction with the ruler's failure to recover the Central Plains. Finally, comparing Lian Po with himself is an inner monologue. This nostalgic work fully shows the author's patriotic enthusiasm.
7. Virtual reality. Ancient poetry often uses the combination of reality and reality to make the image more vivid and prominent and the structure more compact. Imagination is a kind of emptiness.
For example, Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "Du's reward, even now, is surprisingly serious. When you write cardamom's poems, it's hard to express your feelings. " The phrase "Du Lang" refers to Du Mu, who wrote a famous sentence in the bustling Yangzhou. Now, if he comes back and faces the desolate and dilapidated Yangzhou City, I'm afraid he will never be able to make a "Yangzhou dream" or write a "cardamom word". Implicitly expressed his love for the present and the past.