-The original-
Two Night Scenes along the Chunjiang River in Hui Chong
Su Shi [Song Dynasty]
Two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest and ducks in the water first noticed the warm spring.
The beach is covered with wormwood, asparagus is beginning to sprout, and puffer fish are preparing to swim upstream from the sea back to the river.
The geese fly north, like people who want to return to the north, but because of attachment, poor team.
Before flying to the north, I knew that it was snowy in the desert in the north, or the south that spent most of the Spring Festival in the south.
-Translation-
There are two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest, and the ducks playing in the water first notice the warming of the river in early spring.
The beach is covered with Artemisia selengensis and reeds are sprouting short buds. At this time, the puffer fish will swim from the sea to the upper reaches of the river.
The geese flying from the north, like those who return to the north, are reluctant to go and are almost left behind.
Thousands of miles away, I already know that the desert in the north is snowy, so it is better to stay in the spring in the south of the Yangtze River for half a month.
-Notes-
Hui Chong (also known as Hui Chong): A native of Jianyang, Fujian, one of the nine monks in the early Song Dynasty, he can write poems and draw pictures. Night Scene by the River is the title of Hui Chong's paintings. There are two paintings, one is a duck play and the other is a flying goose. Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty is called Xiaojing. Many annotations are useful for Xiaojing and Night Scene, and the complete works of Dongpo and the annotations before the Qing Dynasty are all useful.
Artemisia selengensis: the name of grass, including Artemisia annua and Artemisia annua. Reed bud: the young bud of reed, which is edible.
Puffer: a kind of fish, the scientific name is Qu. Its meat is delicious, but its ovaries and liver are highly toxic. Produced in coastal areas and some inland rivers of China. Go against the current every spring and lay eggs in fresh water.
Up: refers to going upstream.
Gui Hong: Gui Yan. Broken regiment: leave the flying team.
Yiyi: I don't give up. Returnees: people who go home.
Shuomo: a desert land in the north. Du Fu's poem: "She went out of the Purple Palace into the desert."
Wait: wait; After that.
-Creative background-
Two Late Scenes of Hui Chong Riverside are two poems written by Su Shi for Hui Chong in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) in the eighth year of Shen Yuanfeng (1085). This poem was written in Jiangyin.
-Appreciate-
These two poems were inscribed by Su Shi in Hui Chong's Riverside Scenery. Hui Chong's original painting has been lost, and some versions of this poem are called "Riverside Scenery", which cannot be verified now. Vivid painting makes people have a specific visual feeling, but it can only show a specific picture and has certain limitations. Although a good poem has no visible image, it can attract readers to the beautiful artistic conception formed by the poet's unique conception with vivid language to make up for what some pictures can't express.
one
There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo. Looking across the sparse bamboo, several peach blossoms are swaying. Peach blossoms and bamboo are in contrast, red and green, and spring is particularly charming. Although this is just a simple sentence, it reveals a lot of information. First of all, the bamboo forest is sparse. If it's sunny, you won't see peach blossoms. Secondly, show the season and point out the word "early". Just after the cold spring, it is not the time for peach blossoms to bloom, but the infinite vitality and potential of spring have been revealed.
"Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet" has a vision from far to near, that is, from the river bank to the river surface. Spring water is rippling on the river, and active ducks are playing on the river. The silhouette of "Duck Prophet" shows that the spring water is still slightly chilly, so other animals are not sensitive to the arrival of spring, which echoes the peach blossom "three or two branches" in the first sentence and indicates the early spring season. This poetic sentence uses a Tang poem: Meng Jiao "What is the most prophetic?" The grass is empty, the grass is empty ",Du Mu (Xu Hun's works)," Pugen is warming geese at the beginning, and the plum-diameter fragrant cold bee is unknown "(boat trip in early spring). Su Shi, who is ignorant of the past, combined the intention of his predecessors' poems with his own observation and refined this quip. "A duck knows how to warm water", which appeals to emotion and imagination, is difficult to convey in the picture, but the poet expresses this point in his poems by putting himself in others' shoes. Ducks swimming freely in the river are the first to feel the temperature rise of the spring water, and use the "warm" touch to supplement the visual impression of the spring water in the painting. Ducks can "predict the heating of springs" because they live in water all the year round. As long as the river doesn't freeze, they always jump into the water to play. Therefore, it is these ducks, which are closely related to water, who are the first to know the water temperature changes in the Chunjiang River. This shows that you have to go through everything to have a true feeling. This poem not only reflects the poet's careful observation of nature, but also reflects the poet's philosophical thinking about life. Ducks know that the spring river is warm when they enter the water, which can be compared with "a leaf falls, and the world is autumn". It is reasonable to know each other.
These two poems are still closely related to Early Spring. Artemisia selengensis and dwarf reed buds are yellow and green, gorgeous and charming, showing a scene of spring and prosperity. The puffer fish wants to go up, which makes use of the characteristic that puffer fish only go upstream when the spring river warms up, and further highlights the word "spring". This is something that is not in the picture, and it is difficult to reach with a brush, but the poet successfully "looks like the present" and injects the breath and vitality of spring into the whole picture. Zhang Lei, a student of Su Shi, also recorded in Ming Dow magazine that the Yangtze natives eat puffer fish, but they cook it with Artemisia selengensis and bamboo shoots, that is, reed bracts and shepherd's purse, which they think are the best match with puffer fish. This shows that Su Shi's association is well-founded and natural. This is also the beauty of poetry.
Although the painting "It's time for the puffer fish to come up" doesn't describe the action of the puffer fish, the poet knows that "the puffer fish is coming up" from the crazy growth of Artemisia argyi and the germination of reeds, thus drawing the image of dolphins going up the river in bloom on the Chunjiang River to make up for the deficiency. It is through this kind of pen and ink that Su Shi transformed the silent and still picture into a lively poetic scene. In Su Shi's eyes, this painting is no longer a plane static picture on paper in the frame, but gives people a profound experience and subtle observation of ecology. The former is picturesque and the latter is realistic, and the two are confused. I don't know which is the picturesque scene and which is the real scene. The poet's artistic association broadens the world beyond the field of vision expressed by painting, and makes poetry and painting combine perfectly.
This poem successfully depicts the spring scenery in early spring. Su Shi, with his meticulous and keen feelings, captured the scenery characteristics when the seasons changed and expressed his joy and praise for the early spring. The whole poem is full of the breath and vitality of spring, giving people a fresh and comfortable feeling. Su Shi, a poet, put forward "Poetry and painting are of the same origin, striving for perfection, fresh and refined" (two branches of paintings in the main book of Yanling King in Shu) and "There are paintings in poems and poems in paintings" (Volume 5 of Dongpo's Inscription and Postscript, Clouds and Rain in Lantian, Ma Shu), which was well verified in his poem Night Scene by the Hui Chong River.
Secondly,
The second poem in this group is generally unknown, but its creative level is also very high.
"Two couples are going to break up, and Yiyi is still like going back to the north." This sentence sums up Hui Chong's "Flying in a Wild Goose". The geese fly north, and some geese are reluctant to give up the beauty of this spring and almost leave the team. And using anthropomorphic techniques, the reluctant geese are compared to "returning to the north", which makes the content in the painting more vivid.
"I know from a distance that there are many snowstorms in the desert, and I am waiting for the spring in Jiangnan." It is also anthropomorphic, giving the geese in the north a human touch. Goose is reluctant to leave because the south is warmer than the north, so the poet wrote, Goose thinks the north is very cold, and knows that the desert is windy and snowy from a distance; That's not all. In the last sentence, the poet further wrote that the geese hope to stay in Jiangnan for a few more days. The application of this personification technique has changed Hui Chong's painting from "freeze-frame" to "video", which makes the scene of geese flying north full of human emotions and quite innovative.