Author Wei? the Tang Dynasty
Castle peak between the two banks, the boat sails eastward, the southeast of the valley is open, and the river is connected with the Yellow River. (First copy)
Sparse trees are faintly visible on the horizon, and the sunset is swaying in the rushing river. (second copy)
How big was this lonely village when it came to the Iraqi coast? The geese are clear in the north wind. (Part III)
I want to tell the officials and friends roaming in Romania that my heart is like a boat without a tether. (four times)
There is a formula about the level of metrical poetry: "No matter what 135 is, 246 is clear."
Taboos in metrical poems are: three-level tail, loneliness, sticking, awkward sentences and three-level tail (three-level tail is not strictly required in ancient poetry).
The level of this poem:
Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. (First copy)
Flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat. (second copy)
Flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat. (Part III)
Flat and light, flat and light. (four times)
This poem has lost its adhesion;
? Sticky, that is, flat sticky; Where the antithesis in the previous couplet of a metrical poem and the second word "sentence out" in the next couplet must be consistent, it is called "posting", and the offender is called "missing posting". Therefore, the antithesis in the first couplet of this poem is "the mountains in the southeast are clear and the rivers are connected", and the sentence in the second couplet is "the cold tree is far away from the sky", which loses its cohesive force. If the level of the first couplet becomes "flat and flat, flat and flat", it will stick.
The relief of this poem:
The second couplet "The cold trees are far away, and the setting sun is turbulent" should be: "Flat and faint, flat and faint." Now the levels are: "level, level and level, level and level, level and level, level and level." The position of "far out of the sky" should have been "flush", but because the word "far" is "flush", if the flush of the next word remains unchanged, the three ends of "flush" will become an embarrassing sentence.
Modify the poem slightly as follows:
Jiashui Road in Cangshan is far to the east, and the sinkhole is in the southeast of the mountain.
The cold tree is far away, and the sunset is in the turbulence.
How big was this lonely village when it came to the Iraqi coast? The geese are clear in the north wind.
I want to tell the officials and friends roaming in Romania that my heart is like a boat without a tether.
"One" and "No" are even numbers.
The level of "one" should be divided into different situations: when the word after "one" is four tones, "one" should be read twice (level tone); When the word after "one" is one or three, "one" should be pronounced four times (ambiguous)-regardless of the part of speech of the word.
If the word "one" is the last word in the phrase to which it belongs, it will be pronounced flat anyway.
Untitled poem (new rhyme)
Sigh, floating, (plain)
A dream, a sleep, a love story. (Ping, Ping, Ping)
I thought for a moment and didn't say a word.
Look at the stars alone. (even, even, even)
The eleven "one" characters in the above example have different levels in different environments, which is the embodiment of the above law.
There are also words such as "no, look, explore and listen" in metrical poems. It should be based on the tone of the latter words.
Sima Guang, a writer in the Song Dynasty, clearly pointed out that although the word "bu" rhymes with entering tone, it can be used in flat tone with the same meaning.
For example, Bai Juyi's famous pentameter sentence "Wildfire never ends, spring breeze blows high" should be "flat and flat", in which the word "burn" can be flat, but the word "no" must be flat to conform to the law. If the word "no" is regarded as slander, this sentence becomes "slander" and it is difficult to explain it with "awkward sentences".
There are four standard plane formats for the Seven Laws.
1. Flat top and flat bottom type:
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat and light, flat and light.
Plain, plain, plain. Flat and light, flat and light.
2. Up and down level.
Plain, plain, plain. Flat and light, flat and light.
Plain, plain, plain. Flat and light, flat and light.
3. Open and close:
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping. Plain, plain, plain.
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat, flat, flat, uniform, uniform, uniform.
4. Pick up and collect:
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat, flat, flat, uniform, uniform, uniform.
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat, flat, flat, uniform, uniform, uniform.
Viscosity pair:
Yes, it's even. It's even. That is to say, as mentioned above, in duality, hierarchy and level are opposite.
Sticky, that is, flat sticky; Where the antithesis in the previous couplet of a metrical poem and the second word "sentence out" in the next couplet must be consistent, it is called "posting", and the offender is called "missing posting". Specifically, the third sentence should adhere to the second sentence, the fifth sentence to the fourth sentence, and the seventh sentence to the sixth sentence. The above-mentioned five-method leveling format and seven-method format all conform to this law. Look at Chairman Mao's Long March. The word "water" in the second sentence is ambiguous, and so is the word "ridge" in the third sentence. The word "Meng" in the fourth sentence is flat, and the word "Sha" in the fifth sentence is also flat; The word "Du" in the sixth sentence is not pronounced, nor is the word "Xi" in the seventh sentence pronounced. It can be seen that the rules of adhesion are very strict. The function of matching is to diversify the timbre. If it is not "right", the level of the upper and lower sentences will be the same; If you don't "paste", the horizontal lines of the front and back couplets will be almost the same.
Understanding and adhering to the correct principles can help us recite Pingping's lyrics (that is, the format). As long as you know the level of the first sentence, you can recite the level of the whole article.
Understanding and adhering to the correct principles can help us understand the level of long law. No matter how long the law is, it is just a rehearsal level according to the law of fit. Violation of adhesion rules is called loss of adhesion; Violation of the correct rules is called mismatch. Some of Wang Wei's poems are not sticky because they have not been finalized. For example:
Rush to the frontier (Wei)
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
The third sentence and the second sentence here are not sticky. Loss of adhesion is very rare in offspring. As for the loss of rights, poets pay attention to avoid it.
Lonely and dull:
Loneliness is the taboo of metrical poems (including long laws and strict laws), and poets should pay attention to avoiding loneliness when writing metrical poems. When using similar sentences in lyrics, we should also pay attention to avoid loneliness.
In the five-character "Pingou" sentence pattern, the first word must be flat; If you use the word "slander", you are alone. Because in addition to rhyme, there is only one flat word left. Seven characters is the expansion of five characters, so in the sentence pattern of "occasionally flat, occasionally flat", if the third word is even, it is also called loneliness [20]. Chairman Mao's poems have never contained solitary sentences. Look at the word "thousand" in the second sentence of the Long March, and the word "bridge" in the sixth sentence is flat, which can be used as an example.
In this case, if the first word of five words and the third word of seven words must be silent, there is another remedy, as follows.
In the sentence pattern of "seven words", another format can be used, that is, "flat and even". The characteristics of this format are: the level and level interchange position of "five characters, three characters and four characters" and the level and level interchange position of "seven characters, five characters and six characters". Note: In this case, the first word of five words and the third word of seven words must be flat and not even.
This format is very common in the regular poems of Tang and Song Dynasties, just as common as regular poems. For example:
Du Fu in Moonlit Night
In Fuzhou, far away, she is looking at the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? !
Only two sentences in a poem should be "flush", and here they are all replaced by "flush".
This special flat format is often used in the seventh sentence.
Sanpingwei:
Because the first taboo of metrical poetry is three flat tails. Flat and light, flat and light. Flat and light, flat and light.
If the last sentence is "plain", it will definitely be excluded under mature metrical conditions.
In terms of the basic principles of "right" and "sticky", the relationship between these four sentences is no problem. As we know, the balance of payment format is:
Flat and light, flat and light. Flat and light, flat and light.
We can see that the first two sentences are exactly the same as the positive example, and there is no problem. In the third sentence, the level of the third word was changed to three tails. Sanwei is not divorced from the law. This phenomenon exists in a large number of Tang poems, and it is even considered as a variation of "flat" and does not need to be preserved. This is because phonology includes three pronunciations: Shang, Ru and Qu. Even if it is "Lyle Lyle", these three pronunciations may be different, which will not cause the boring feeling of "flat" in the same sound when reciting. For example, "the two banks widen until the ebb tide, and there is no wind stirring my sails alone", where "the two banks widen until the ebb tide" means "flat and even", but the pronunciation of "the width of the two banks" is actually "up, down and forward", so it will not cause pronunciation difficulties. Therefore, three tails are never a problem. "Widening the banks until the low tide" is "flat and even", and his antithesis is not completely opposite to "flat and even", but "no wind stirs my sail alone" and "flat and even", which is actually to abide by "flat and even"
Then why is Sanpingwei not in the law?
Compared with falling sound, flat sound only includes flat sound and flat tone. And these two sounds are peaceful and long. In poetry, especially in metrical poetry, the rhyme must be flat. This is because the rising voice plays the role of reading a sentence, telling readers that this sentence is over.
If you use the continuous flat sound of three flat characters in a row, the melody will remain flat and the pitch will remain unchanged, and it will not sound harmonious and pleasant. As a kind of verse for reading, once poetry loses its catchy sense of cadence, its charm will naturally be greatly reduced.
Poetry rhymes, which is a perfect combination of rhythm and content, so try to avoid this rhyming combination that will produce a sense of mispronunciation.
There are also three kinds of flat tails in Tang poetry, such as "the night is quiet and the mountains are empty" and "the clouds live with you". When the meter is immature, poets are trying to write poems in many ways, so it is not surprising that there are various problems. But because it does not conform to the laws of phonology, even if it appears, it is very rare.
After the metrical body matures, this kind of problem will basically not appear.
So, "even, even, even. Flat and flat, flat and flat "is the law. "
However, it doesn't matter if it's out of the way, just consider it an antique, as long as it doesn't affect the aesthetic feeling of the melody and the artistic conception is high and ancient, it can still be regarded as a good antique.
Difficult to save:
Every flat and irregular sentence is called an embarrassing sentence. If you use awkward sentences in the rhyme, it will become an antique rhyme (see below). The specific format mentioned above (five words "flat" and seven words "flat") can also be regarded as one of the difficult sentences, but it is often used to this extent, which is naturally different from ordinary difficult sentences. Let's start with several embarrassing sentences: they are also quite common in regular poems, but the word "save" must be used in front and "save" must be used behind. The so-called "salvation" means compensation. Generally speaking, the flat sound should be used in the front, and the flat sound must be compensated in the appropriate position in the back (often).
The following three situations are more common:
(1) Where the word "Ping" should be used, the first word should be used for compensation, and the third word should be used for compensation to avoid being flattened. In this way, it becomes "plain". The seven words were changed from "even" to "even". This is an inspirational sentence.
(b) Where the word "flat and flat" should be used, the fourth word is flat (or both words are flat), and the third word of the sentence is replaced by a flat voice to compensate. This will become "plain, plain." The seven words become "plain, plain, plain." This is to save each other. ?
(c) Where the word "flat and flat" should be used, the fourth word is not voiced and the third word is voiced. Seven words is the fifth word, and it is ambiguous. This is a semi-paradox, which can be saved or not, which is slightly different from the strictness of (a) and (b).
Poets often use (b) or (c) in sentences instead of (a). This not only constitutes self-help in this sentence, but also saves this sentence.
There is a saying about the training of metrical poems: "No matter what 135 is, 246 is clear." This refers to the seven methods (including seven sections). This means that the levels of the first, third and fifth characters can be arbitrary, while the levels of the second, fourth and sixth characters must be different. As for the seventh word, natural requirements are very high. As far as five-character rhyme is concerned, it should be "whether one or three, two or four are distinct."
This formula is very useful for beginners because it is simple and clear. However, its analysis of the problem is not comprehensive, which is easy to cause misunderstanding. This has a great influence. Because it is not comprehensive, we have to criticize it appropriately.
It is not comprehensive to say "135 regardless" first. Five-character "flat" format, the first word can not be ignored, seven-character "flat" format, the third word can not be ignored, otherwise it will be lonely. In the specific format of the five-character "flat", the first word can not be ignored; In the same way, in the specific format of the seven-character grid "flat and even", the third character can not be ignored. The above is the first word of five words and the third word of seven words, which cannot be ignored under certain circumstances. As for the third word of five words and the fifth word of seven words, on the whole, it is based on the principle of "theory"
In short, a seven-character sentence can have three words regardless, and a flat-tone sentence can only have two words regardless. Five sentences can have two words regardless, and only one word can be ignored in Pingruo sentences. It is wrong to say "135".
Moreover, the sentence "246 is clear" is not comprehensive. The word "distinct" in five words is correct, and the word "distinct" in seven words is correct. As for the fourth word in five words and the sixth word in seven words, it is not necessarily "clear". According to the specific format of "flat and flat", the sixth word is not necessarily "Qing". For example, the format of "occasionally flat" can also be changed to "occasionally flat", just compensate a flat sound in the third word of the sentence. Seven words and so on. The words "246 clear" are not completely correct.
Antique style:
When metrical poems are not finalized, some metrical poems do not completely conform to the flat format of metrical poems, and the antithesis is not completely neat.
Du Ming tablets
Beautiful names are full of beauty, and young people in Luoyang are more elegant. My treasure knife is worth thousands of dollars, and the clothes inside are luxurious and vivid. Cockfighting on the road in the eastern suburbs and horse racing in a long string of catalpa trees. When I was on my way there, a pair of rabbits jumped in front. Take the gong gong cymbals and drive the Nanshan Mountain. I drew a bow with my left hand and fired an arrow with my right hand, and only one arrow hit two rabbits. Other techniques are useless, and people who fly kites in the air meet in a narrow way. The pedestrians watching H unt cheered in unison, and the archers nearby were impressed by me. Back to Pingle Ancient Temple, the wine is worth 10,000 yuan. Chop carp and cook shrimp soup, then fry turtle pancakes. Calling friends and friends came to his desk, and the long banquet was filled in an instant. Cuju and Jirang are busy, agile and renovated. The sun will always gallop to the southwest, and the passage will not be surpassed. After the feast, we rush out like a cloud and come back tomorrow morning to enjoy ourselves!