1. Delve deeply into the teaching materials and fully grasp the connotation of the teaching materials.
When teachers prepare lessons, only by deeply understanding the background and artistic conception of a poem, and the poet's refinement of the characters and words in the poem, can he be able to teach with ease.
1. Find out the title of the poem and know the poet. The content of ancient poems is short and concise, and the meaning of the title is highly summarized, which often dominates the whole poem. Therefore, most ancient poetry teaching should start with solving the title, that is, guiding students to find the correct title and clarify the meaning of the title. In addition, some ancient poems are the poet's expression of ambition and scenery, and some are the poet's emotion caused by the scene. Understanding the poet can help us better grasp the feelings expressed in the poem.
2. Grasp the historical background of the poem. Poetry is inseparable from the author's thoughts, experiences and environment. Such as Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", this poem is an article in Wen Tianxiang's "Guide Record" and is one of his representative works. It was written around the second year of Xiangxing (1279) - when the first month of the second year after being captured by the Yuan army crossed the Lingding Ocean. When Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced him to write a letter to surrender Zhang Shijie, who was resisting at sea in the Southern Song Dynasty, he produced this poem to express his determination. Understanding these historical backgrounds can help and deepen students' understanding of poetry.
3. Grasp the words. If you understand the key words in the poem, you will understand the meaning of the poem and appreciate the author's feelings. For example, Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Sends Meng Haoran to Guangling", in which "the solitary sail is far away and the shadow of the blue sky is gone, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky." As long as you grasp the word "lone", you can understand the loneliness and loneliness when friends are far away and alone. The feeling of reluctance to leave friends.
4. Ancient poems of the same category can be compared, appreciated and accumulated. The farewell poem in the fourth-grade textbook - Wang Wei's "Farewell to the Second Envoy of Yuan Dynasty in Anxi" can be compared with Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian in Furong Tower" when teaching. We will find that the poet's emotions when bidding farewell are different - The words "cold", "night", "solitary" and "ice" in "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" reflect the desolation and sadness in the author's heart when he bid farewell to Xin Jian; "Farewell to Yuan Er Envoy Anxi" writes about "Chaoyu" and "Qingchen" writes about the "green" guest house and the "new" color of the willows. The language is fresh and bright. If this kind of comparison is consciously introduced in the teaching process, it will help cultivate students' preliminary poetry appreciation ability and also be more conducive to accumulation. .
2. Abandon rigid teaching methods and focus on cultivating students’ interests.
Our questionnaire survey shows that about 60% of the students have some interest in ancient poetry, about 30% of the students are not interested, and about 20% of the students have a strong interest. A very important reason is that students are required not only to recite poems, but also to memorize the meaning of the poem without asking for a thorough explanation, which makes students feel boring. From the requirements of the "Curriculum Standards" for the teaching of ancient poetry, we can see that the main task of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools is to recite and accumulate, and on this basis to achieve a preliminary understanding of poetry. Therefore, I think that primary school students can learn ancient poetry without asking for a deeper understanding or " "Not seeking in-depth understanding", the understanding of the content of ancient poems does not need to be profound or thorough, as long as the emotion or general scene of the poem is grasped as a whole, which is in line with the cognitive level of primary school students. We should abandon the past rigid teaching methods of ancient poetry and focus on cultivating students' interests. But "not asking for a deeper understanding" does not exclude the understanding of key key words and phrases in ancient poems. On the contrary, the key words and phrases cannot be simply and vaguely understood. For example, the taste of the word "green" in the sentence "The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river" only requires Only by accurately understanding this magical stroke can the word be vivid and flexible, and have the function of knowledge transfer. From it, we can also feel the poet's rigorous creative style and the charming charm of the mother tongue culture. This is not only a guide for students' learning attitude It is also the cultivation of students’ learning methods. In fact, as students' knowledge and experience increase, they will gain a natural understanding of many things. For primary school students, it is more important to cultivate their interest in learning ancient poetry.
3. Focus on open and flexible classroom design
1. Read the text repeatedly and gain understanding while reading.
Chinese curriculum standards point out: Reading teaching in all grades of primary schools should attach great importance to reading aloud, allowing students to read fully, have an overall perception while reading, gain insights while reading, develop a sense of language while reading, and be emotionally influenced while reading . The characteristics of poetry are that it is full of beautiful rhythm, rhythm and artistic conception, and it is catchy to read. In the teaching process, I insist on recitation as the basis, requiring students to understand the rhythm and artistic conception of ancient poems through repeated reading and chanting on the basis of understanding the basic meanings of words and sentences. Guide students to read in a variety of ways, such as: the teacher's emotional model reading allows students to be inspired and read vividly, allowing students to coordinate the activities of their ears, brain, mouth, and eyes, pay attention to the rhythm and pauses of the poem, and read out their emotions. , students read freely, individually, read by men and women, read in groups, read as a whole, read with music, etc. They can experience the fun of reading from different forms of reading, understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet, feel the artistic conception in the poem, and inspire students Emotional *** ringing.
2. Create scenes and deepen feelings
(1) Draw a picture I grasp the characteristics of ancient poems "there is painting in the poem" and combine poetry and painting for teaching. Painting, specifically and vividly reproduces the artistic conception in ancient poetry, arouses students' rich associations, and thus guides students to deeply appreciate the beauty of the pictures in ancient poetry.
For example, Du Mu's "Mountain Walk" and Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn" are all timeless masterpieces with paintings in the poems. During the teaching process, I often guide students to paint. The more students paint, the more interested they become, and they have a deeper understanding of the beauty of the pictures in the poems. feelings.
(2) Acting: Primary school students love to express themselves. We should create a relaxed and open platform for them to express themselves and express their enthusiasm. Showing learning results through performances is a good way to reproduce the artistic conception of ancient poetry. . For example, "Xugong Store, Suxin City" depicts a picture of a village boy flapping butterflies. "Children rush to chase yellow butterflies, flying into cauliflower and finding nowhere" is the central picture of the whole poem. This is not static, nor is it fleeting, but a continuous activity. It vividly expresses the innocence and liveliness of children. Full of childlike fun. When teaching, you can perform a performance to let students experience the fun. For another example, when teaching Jia Dao's "The One Who Seeks Hermit Never Encounters", the scene in the poem can also be reproduced in the form of a textbook play. In this way, students can have a deeper understanding of the poetry.
3. Guide imagination and enrich experience
Let students close their eyes, give full play to their imagination in the sound of soft music or the teacher’s reading, and present a scene in their minds The scene expressed in the ancient poem. "There are a thousand readers, and there are a thousand Hamlets." Different students will have "movies" with different personalities playing in their minds. No matter what the movie is, the students will all have wings of imagination and take a soaring spaceship to taste it. I experienced the joy of directing a movie and the happiness of success. For example, when teaching "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling", students are familiar with the poems and after understanding the meaning of the poems, students are asked to act as directors and play the "movie". Listening to the students talking about the movies they directed, the teachers and students seemed to be immersed in the scene, looking at the distant shadow of the lonely sail with the poet, chanting poems and sighing together
4. Pay attention to extracurricular expansion< /p>
The curriculum standard specifies that students accumulate 75 excellent ancient poems, and some need to be supplemented by teachers. Teachers can combine the study of a certain ancient poem and carry out related theme exploration activities to achieve extracurricular expansion and extension. For example, after learning Li Bai's "Send Meng Haoran to Guangling from the Yellow Crane Tower", you can collect and accumulate them with the theme of farewell poems; after learning He Zhizhang's "Ode to the Willows", you can use the theme of "Spring Scenery" to guide students to collect ancient poems describing spring scenery and experience them together. A strong sense of spring; after studying Wang Wei's "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th", students can be guided by the theme of "homesickness" to collect such poems by famous writers to appreciate and identify them together, so as to achieve the effect of touching and bypassing. And encouraged students to choose what they like to recite, and achieved good results.