The content of Zuo Si's poem "Ode to History" is mainly about the inner peace of the scholars and their contempt and resistance to the ruling gentry at that time. Zuo Sisheng's Western Jin Dynasty, following the late Eastern Han Dynasty, re-emerged the forces of the gentry. Cao Pi, the Emperor of Wei Wen, established the Nine-grade Zhengzhong system, because Zhengzhong was in the hands of the gentry, thus forming a "top-grade family with no poverty, and inferior family with no potential" (Book of Jin? The status quo of Liu Yichuan. It's hard for a humble commoners scholar to enter the political center. Zuo Si was poor. Although his younger sister Zuo FEN was elected as a princess in the palace, she had to move to Kyoto and be appointed as a secretary lang, but she was not reused. His ambition is hard to pay, and he expressed his feelings through history, and wrote eight groups of poems in Ode to History.
Now, I will appreciate the second song of Ode to History.
The bottom of the gloomy ravine is loose, and the seedlings are far away from the mountain, and the stems are inches in diameter, which is a hundred feet in shade. The world's tweezers are high and handsome. The terrain makes it natural, and the origin is not once. Jin Zhang was born in the old business, and the seven-leaf Er Han mink. Feng Gong isn't Wei, and Bai Shou doesn't move.
The poem "The world is high, and the handsome man sinks down" reveals the social irrationality of "the top class has no poverty, and the bottom class has no powerful family". The poet deeply criticizes the "gate system" that created this social irrationality and expresses dissatisfaction, disgust and helplessness. He Chao, a Qing dynasty, commented: "Zuo Taichong's Ode to History is gloomy, and he has a good plan, but his job is difficult. It' s unfair to ask the previous generation to sing. " ("Yimen Reading Secretary") It is pertinent to comment on the main idea of this poem with this sentence.
The whole poem consists of twelve sentences, with four sentences as one layer and * * * divided into three layers.
in the first four sentences of the poem, by describing the unreasonable phenomenon that the thick and lush pine trees grow at the bottom of the ravine, while the flagging saplings grow on the high hilltops, it further reveals the reason for this unreasonable natural phenomenon, which is the difference in growth terrain.
the first two poems, "pine at the bottom of the gloomy ravine, leaving the seedlings on the mountain", are descriptions of unreasonable phenomena in nature. The appearance of "melancholy" is dense and lush. "Pine at the bottom of a ravine" refers to a pine tree growing at the bottom of a ravine, which is a metaphor for a poor scholar with high talent. "Divorce", listless and depressed. "Mountain seedlings" refers to small saplings growing on the top of the mountain, which is a metaphor for the gentry with high talent and sparse position. The poem skillfully uses the locative words "bottom" and "top", which constitutes the contrast between the growth terrain of pine and saplings, so as to metaphor the disparity between the humble scholars with high talents and the gentry with high talents in society. The contrast between the modifier "melancholy" and "separation" sets the tone for the poet's praise and criticism. The emotional expression is hidden but not present, and the irony is implicit.
The third and fourth sentences of the poem, "Take one inch of stem from another, and shade this hundred feet", reveal the reasons for the unreasonable phenomena in nature described in the first two sentences. "there", that, means "seedlings on the mountain" "Diameter inch stem", a stem with a diameter of one inch. "diameter", straight. "Yin", cover. "This", this, on behalf of "Jiandi pine". "White feet", white feet long branches. "Strip", branches. The main idea is that the small saplings growing on the top of the high mountain, with their own stems with a diameter of one inch, actually blocked the big pine trees growing at the bottom of the ravine with branches hundreds of feet long. Because of the difference in growth terrain, the needs of big pine trees were taken away by small saplings.
On the surface, the first four poems are written about natural phenomena, but in essence, the poet uses them as metaphors for unreasonable phenomena in the world, implying specific social contents. The contrast between high and low, high and low, is implicit and vivid. Emotional expression is hidden but not present, which saves strength for the surging emotional catharsis below. When readers read this for the first time, they will also have doubts: what will happen to human society now that nature is like this?
The second level includes the fifth to eighth sentences of the poem. The poet is too natural in structure, and the unreasonable phenomenon in nature described in the first layer is introduced into the unreasonable phenomenon in human society, which further reveals the reasons for the unreasonable phenomenon in this society.
The fifth and sixth sentences of the poem, "The world is high, and the handsome man sinks down to the next generation", are descriptions of unreasonable phenomena in human society. "Shi Zhou" is a noble family. "Yi", a descendant. "Handsome" and talented. "Sink into the current position" and sink into a humble official position. Sink, sink, sink. "Xialiao", a small official with a position. "Liao", officer. These two poems point out that the descendants of a noble family are in a high position without merit, while the talented, capable and vengeful humble scholars are in a humble position. The contrast between "worldly wealth" and "handsome", "creeping up" and "sinking down" reveals that unreasonable phenomena similar to nature also exist in human society. These two poems echo the first two sentences in content.
The seventh and eighth sentences in the poem, "The terrain makes it natural, and the origin is not once", reveal the reasons for the unreasonable phenomena in human society. "Origin" refers to a long history. "Once", once for a generation; Do it once and for all. I think it has a long history to accumulate by dynasty or by day, so it is more appropriate to interpret the latter. These two poems name the causes of social irrationality, not the disparity in talent and ability, but the level of social status. And it has a long history, not overnight. Poets express their feelings from hidden to present, such as flash floods, and express their feelings directly, profoundly criticizing the "door valve system" for hindering the career of humble people, destroying, suppressing and persecuting talents. On the one hand, it expresses the poet's dissatisfaction and hatred with this system. On the other hand, it also shows that the gate valve system has a long history and is deeply rooted. The poet realized that the system could not be overthrown by personal ability, thus conveying a melancholy feeling of helplessness. The combination of the poet's sensibility and rational emotion not only shows his sober understanding of the current social situation at that time, but also names a generation of poor scholars who lament the lack of a future in life and the limitations of their ideological understanding. Wu Diaogong, a modern man, commented: "If one of the first two sentences is still a cold-eyed observation, then the two sentences are turned into" terrain "and" origin "to reveal, which shows the poet's grief and shouting loudly." (Collection of Poetry Appreciation in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties). The poet expressed his personal experience of being born in a poor family and not being reused, and also shouted out the voices of the poor people in the area at that time. The incisive emotional catharsis is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, singing a high-pitched song for the poor people and setting up a banner against the gate valve system. These two poems have had a far-reaching impact on later generations of literati, and they have become timeless and constitute the core poems of the poem. In terms of structure and content, it not only echoes the fifth and fourth sentences, but also leads the content of the next poem.
The ninth and tenth poems are "Jin Zhangji's old business, and the seven-leaf Er Han mink." The "Jin Zhang" in the book refers to the Jin Ri Tuan (D and) and Zhang Tang in the Han Dynasty. According to historical records, from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han Dynasty, Jin and Zhang were the courtiers in seven dynasties. Ban Gu Han Shu? Jin Ri Lu Zan: "The land of Yidi is the home of Hanting. Stay in the seven leaves, how prosperous it is. The seven-leaf word Wu is also flat. " Han Shu again? Zhang Tang praises: "Zhang's descendants have announced that Yuan has come, and there are more than ten waiters in the middle school. After the hero, only Jin and Zhang are close to your pet, compared with the foreign relatives. " These two materials fully illustrate the inheritance and high power of Jin Zhang's family in status. Seven leaves, VII. "er", insert. "Mink" refers to the mink tail, which was inserted in the palace of the Han Dynasty. In these two poems, the poet criticized the descendants of Jin Ri-yun and Zhang Tang, who, with the help of their forefathers' career, have not been rewarded by seven generations. They are like "saplings" on the mountain, and they are indeed "high in the world." Tellurium
The eleventh and twelfth poems, "Feng Gong isn't too proud, but his head is white, but he doesn't know what to do", are positive materials for the poet to further demonstrate his point of view on the basis of the negative examples cited in the previous two poems. "Feng Gong" refers to Feng Tang in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wen was about seventy, he was still a small palace with a long summer. "What", don't. "Wei" is outstanding. "Whitehead", the hair is white. "Zhao" was recruited. "Not being recruited" means not being reused. The poet used a strong rhetorical tone to name Feng Tang's greatness, but because of his humble birth and white hair and beard, he was not reused by the emperor, and he was still a small palace. Feng Tang is like a "pine at the bottom of a ravine", so he has to end up with the tragic fate of "handsome and underhanded". Jin Zhang's dignitary is just a contrast, aiming at highlighting Feng Tang's grief. The poet used Feng Tang as a metaphor, but actually he was sad for himself. The poet lists positive and negative examples, and through comparison, shows the specific content of "the world is high, and the handsome man sinks down." The poet sticks to the title of "Ode to History", "Express one's own ideas first, and prove them with facts" (Appreciation of Ancient Poems by Zhang Yuying in Qing Dynasty, Volume I) mercilessly exposes and criticizes social unreasonable phenomena.
the use of artistic techniques such as comparison, contrast and allusion in this poem is vivid. The poet's emotional expression from hidden to present has received good artistic effect. Zuo Si's chanting of history is actually chanting of history, which is a perfect blend of chanting of history and chanting of history. It can really be described as "creating a whole, hanging down for a thousand years". (Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems in Caijitang, Volume 11) has had a far-reaching impact on the creation of "chanting of history" poems by later literati.