Characteristics: Rose is a kind of rose in plant taxonomy, and it is the general name of a series of rose cultivated varieties in daily life. These cultivated varieties can also be called roses or roses. Rose fruit is edible, sugar-free, and rich in vitamin C. It is often used in vanilla tea, jam, jelly, fruit juice and bread, as well as Nyponsoppa and Rhodomel.
Smell: fragrant
Shape: the upper part is sparsely hairy, and the lower part is densely covered with glandular hairs and hairs; Corolla is bright, purple and fragrant; Pedicels have villi and glands. Rose fruit is oblate and red when it matures, with many achenes and persistent sepals.
Deciduous erect tufted shrub with gray-brown stems and barbs, pinnately compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, elliptic to elliptic obovate, obtuse and round serrations, thick and wrinkled, bright green at the top, gray-green at the bottom, pilose or spiny hairs, and sparse spines and glandular hairs on petioles and leaf axes. Stipules are mostly connected with petioles and have fine serrations.
Rose cultivation method
First, choose a place suitable for roses to grow and build a garden.
Mountain areas should make full use of soil slopes, which can not only increase economic benefits, but also consolidate soil and prevent soil erosion. It is necessary to establish a special rose garden in the plain for large-scale operation. However, no matter in mountainous areas or plains, it is forbidden to plant on sticky and stagnant land.
Second, the soil treatment of roses
Disinfect the soil before planting, mainly with steam. When there are no conditions, it can be fumigated with chloropicrin. After fumigation with chloropicrin, deep ploughing should be carried out for many times to avoid phytotoxicity affecting plant root development. Then apply 20 cm thick farmyard manure for ploughing. In the plain, the border is 200 cm wide and 15-20 cm high.
Third, plant roses.
The planting row spacing is 2-2.5m, and the plant spacing is1-1.5m. The plant spacing can be appropriately increased in plain land. Dig a planting pit (60 cm long, 60 cm wide and 60 cm deep), put in seedlings, fill the soil and water it.
Fourth, rational fertilization.
Fertilization can be carried out in two stages. Once at the end of autumn, combined with deep ploughing, apply 3000-3300 kg of farmyard manure per mu; Another time, after flowering, 5-25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate or other compound fertilizers were applied per mu with loosening soil.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) pruning of roses
Roses have a strong ability to germinate. If they are not pruned in time, the branches will often become thinner and die because of closed clusters. Pruning should be carried out according to plant age, growth condition, fertilizer and water and management conditions, with thinning as the main method and short cutting as the supplement, so as to achieve the purpose of not aging old branches, not dense branches, ventilation and light transmission. Old branches over 5 years old should be thinned in time to support the growth of new branches. Roses that are weak and basically lose their flowering ability can be pruned again to promote the growth of new branches.
Six, rose pest control
The main diseases of roses are rust, powdery mildew and brown spot. In order to prevent rust, diseased buds can be removed and buried deeply. Spraying triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide or chlorothalonil/kloc-0 every half month before and during the onset of rust, powdery mildew and brown spot has a good effect on preventing the infection and spread of diseases. The main pests of roses are scarabs, marsupials, red spiders, aphids, scale insects and longicorn beetles. Scarabs and giant moths mainly harm the buds and leaves of roses, and phoxim can be sprayed during the occurrence period and killed by the enemy; Red spiders, aphids and scale insects mainly suck rose juice, causing growth weakness, which can be prevented by spraying dimethoate, monocrotophos and other internal insecticides; Apriona longicorn is a destructive pest, so its adults should be killed and its honey source plants should be removed to inhibit its occurrence.
Seven, timely harvest.
The harvest time of roses is different, and the yield and quality are also very different. Usually, the rose buds should be picked before opening, that is, when the longitudinal diameter of the buds is three times that of the calyx, the yield will drop too early and the flowers will open too late.