Li He (790-8 16), with a long word, was a famous poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. He was born in Fuchang, Henan Province, a descendant of the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. His distant ancestor was Li Liang, uncle of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan. 18 years old, went to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and met Han Yu with "Wild Goose Gate", which was highly appreciated and became famous in one fell swoop. 2 1 year-old took the Henan government exam and was recommended as a scholar, but he was jealous and attacked by a villain. He said that Li He's father's name Jin Su was homophonic with a scholar's "Jin", and he violated the family taboo. According to etiquette and convention, he should avoid taking the exam. Li He was forced to give up the right to take the Jinshi exam and cut off the road to benevolence. Since then, he has been in depression and pain. Later, he was recommended to Chang 'an and worked as a junior official in Taichang Temple with Jiupin. Li He was humiliated by his humble position. He resigned before the end of his term. At the age of 27, he died at home. His collection of works is Li Changji's songs and poems. His poems are unique in Tang poetry and are called "Dragon Auspicious Style".
Li He was born in Changgu, Fuchang (now Yiyang), Henan Province. Born in (Shili) Zhenyuan (79 1), he died in Yuan and two years of Xianzong (Spring Calendar) (8 17). A * * * only lived for 27 years. In the history of China literature, he was a brilliant but unfortunately short-lived poet.
Li He's father is Li Jinsu. He used to be a small official in the frontier and died young. Just because the word "gold" is homophonic with the word "gold" of Jinshi, some people who are jealous of talents take this as an excuse and think that they should avoid your father's taboo and not be tried by Jinshi. Although Han Yu, who was famous in the ruling and opposition at that time, wrote Debate on Taboo to defend him, it didn't help. This is a very heavy blow to young poets. In order to support his family, Li He had to be a small official who listened to and obeyed people.
Young Li He, from a poor family, loves poetry books and studies hard, which makes him precocious: "New Tang Book" said that he could resign at the age of seven, and then said; "I am slim, with eyebrows, long fingers and claws, and I read quickly." "Old Tang Book" said that he was "quick in writing, especially good at singing." It can be seen that he is precocious and quick-thinking According to legend, Han Yu and Huang Fushi were initially skeptical about Li He's poems, and they went to his house at the same time and asked for an interview. Li He immediately wrote an old Yuefu title, which they read and greatly appreciated. After Han Yu returned to Chang 'an, he spoke highly of Li He.
Does Li He have a wife? There is no mention of new books and old books. From his own poems, he provided some evidence for readers; According to Sima Changqing's own situation, one of "Two Poems of Wing Huai" says: "Look at Wen Jun while playing the piano, and the spring breeze blows your temples." Proud to show the joy of entertaining yourself after the wedding; In the book "Recalling the Ritual of Living in Changgu Mountain", I regret leaving home too early: "The dog book goes to Romania, and the crane regrets traveling to Qin." Ancient poem: "Double white cranes come from the northwest ... my wife and son are ill, so I can't accompany them." I look back five miles and wander six miles. ..... "His wife was ill at home, but he went to Chang 'an. In fact, my father was afraid of failing the exam, so he finally came back. On the way out of town, he thought about how to tell each other when he met. "Qingqing patiently asked each other, tears in the mirror." All these can show that Li He has not only become a family, but also the feelings between husband and wife are very harmonious.
Although Li He was born in a poor family, he was still a royal family and could not be completely equated with the poor at the bottom of society. Take the house he borrowed. There are courtyards and fruit trees. "Empty and boring, the dates are hanging outside." Judging from his daily life, there are slaves to serve him, long valley to study, Ba Tong to accompany him, Xi slaves to follow him, and he has to go home to find poems for his maids. Often drink alcohol, and you will get drunk every time you finish it: "Drink the wine today, and read when you go." (Dish) According to the old legend, he traveled every day to find poems and got a sentence that was thrown into the ancient kit, "If you are not drunk, you will mourn for the sky." Li He has a special interest in wine, mainly using it to douse pent-up anger! "Changji in Longxi destroyed customers and the wine cellar felt that the center was narrow." ("Bar, Zhang Dache asks poetry, Zhang Shilu curtain") "It's hot, and I'm thirsty to drink wine from the pot." ("Long song's Continued Short Song") In just over twenty years, there was nothing but bitter wine. Every night, when his mother sees his poems from the ancient kit, she always says angrily, "This child is going to spit out his heart!" " "Alcoholism and bitterness are the main factors of his immortality. Li He was addicted to poetry and alcohol because of the decadent feudal system and the cold social reality at that time. " Life is poor, you can talk about drinking at dusk (To Shang Chen), "The clouds in the pot can't open" (Mourning for the Past), "I advise you to get drunk all day!" ("I will enter the wine") "Ge Yi broke Zhao, and I sang poetry all night! "("Drunk Zhang Dache asks for a poem and gives a curtain ") No wonder you want to" change the song into sideburns first "("Long song continues the short song ") day and night!
In addition to his hometown in Changgu, Fuchang, Li He also has a former residence in Luoyang. There is "From Long Valley to Luohoumen" in the poem. In the cold winter of October, I braved the snow and asked Bu: Is it "South to Chu" or "West to Qin"? Li Shangyin also said that he; "I often go back to Beijing by bike alone." (Biography of Li Changji) In Luoyang, I often went to see Huangfu, who went to Beijing. He also deliberately rushed out of the city to see him off: "With a pair of tearful eyes under the porch, he fell in front of the green clothes!" " ("Don't be a Huangfu outside Luoyang")
At that time, people close to Li He had the right to learn, such as Enzyme, Wang, Cui Zhi, Shen Yazhi,,,,, Shen and so on. Wang and He especially like Li He's poems and often copy his works and take them home. At the beginning of Shen Ya's career, Li He complained about his unfairness and made a poem to comfort him: "In the spring, talents are picked up every day, and gold is thrown to solve the problem." And encourage him not to lose heart and come back next year: "I heard that a strong man has a strong heart and strong bones, and the ancients can't go out after three steps." Please wait until the whip is beyond your reach, and then return to the autumn law in the future. " ("Song of Sending Shen Yazhi") Shen Yazhi accepted this opinion, and after ten years, he was finally buried.
Reflected in Li He's poems, there are also positive and determined aspects, such as "the worries of teenagers are like clouds" ("drinking wine") and "Twenty people are urged by thorns" (Haug)? "People's hearts are not poor" ("Folk Songs"), "Husband should be happy" ("Xiangquan Wine")! Even thought of: "There is no hero in the world" ("Haug"), "If you were a scholar Wan Huhou" (the fifth of "Thirteen Poems of South Garden")? I thought, "When I get out of the ditch, I look at the flying clouds" (the fifteenth time of Twenty-three Horses Poems)! But the good times did not last long, like the political situation at that time, from a brief light to a dark chaos; "Only this road is blocked" (To Shang Chen), "May the leopard hide in the fog" (Spring Back to the Long Valley). "If you think about drama for a long time, it will be chaotic, and if you reach it, it will be Qin Ge" ("Twelve Brothers in Autumn Poems")! Finally issued a "narrow road meet, strong soil frivolous" ("Spring Back to Long Valley") lament!
Li He is thin, with long eyebrows, sparse hair and no manicure. "There is no paste on the thin surface of the back bone, and there are few stems." ("Miscellaneous Stories of Renhe Huangfu") Not only is the body premature, but the spirit is empty. "Life is in vain, and the wind blows a candle!" (The Sorrow of the Bronze Camel) He deeply understands that in that hypocritical and snobbish society, no matter how beautiful the talent is, if it can't be cited by influential people; If you can't flatter yourself, it's useless to grovel.
Li He had no children. When he died, he compiled his poems into four volumes and gave them to his friend Shen. /kloc-On the afternoon of 0/5, Shen Tuo poet Du Mu prefaced it. Du Mu listed his nine advantages and praised them repeatedly, which made him fall in love. Point out: "congratulations, what a shame!" " Legend has it that God wants to build a white jade building, so he deliberately asked Li He to write an article to record it, which is nothing more than painting this unlucky poet with a romantic color. Li He, like a comet, pierced the lonely night sky and left us with a series of shining immortal memories!
Du fu's life
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian (now Henan). He comes from a bureaucratic family with a long tradition. Since Du Yu, the thirteenth ancestor, almost every generation has held different official positions. Therefore, Du Fu proudly called it "serving Confucianism, guarding officials, and never falling into a vegetarian career" (in the form of carving). Its matriarchal line is Cui Shi, Qinghe, which is the highest among the gentry in the Tang Dynasty. It's just that Du Fu's father, Du Xian, only made the order of Fengtian County, and this family has shown signs of decline.
This family gave Du Fu orthodox Confucian cultural upbringing and ambition to make a difference in his official career. Therefore, in his life, the idea of jumping out of the world rarely occupied his mind. In addition, the Tang Dynasty was an era of paying attention to poetry, and Du Shenyan, Du Fu's grandfather, was the most famous poet in Wuhou, which deepened Du Fu's interest in poetry. He once proudly said to his son, "Poetry is my family." (The Holy Day of Zongwu) Pursuing official career and immortal poetic titles, * * * isomorphic became Du Fu's life track.
Du Fu is early and wise. It is said that he could write poetry at the age of seven. At the age of 14 or 15, I traveled to the calligraphy field ("Zhuangyou"), making friends with the scribes and enjoying singing. For more than ten years after the age of twenty, Du Fu lived a wandering life. This is not only to increase experience, but also to make friends with celebrities, publicize their reputation and prepare for future career promotion. He went to wuyue first and was deeply impressed by the scenery and culture in the south of the Yangtze River. At the age of twenty-four, Du Fu went to Luoyang to take the exam, but failed to do so. He wandered around Qi and Zhao again, leading a dissolute life. Later, he recalled: "When Qi Zhao was dissolute, Qiu Ma was quite crazy."
(Zhuang You) At the age of 33, Du Fu and Li Bai met in Luoyang, and they traveled in Liang and Song Dynasties as heroes. Li Bai was a famous poet at that time, and his special style and outstanding talent deeply attracted Du Fu.
Du Fu called being an official a "vegetarian profession" of his family-a profession that has been attacked for generations, and his various cultural upbringing is related to it. Around the age of thirty-five, Du Fu came to Chang 'an to be an official. At first, he was confident. "He claims to be outstanding and wants Jin Lu". He believes that he can "give you the honor of Yao and Shun, and then make the customs pure" ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"), but he has repeatedly hit a wall in ten years' imprisonment. This may be because his family background is not strong enough, while Li and others hold the power and take an obstructive attitude towards the introduction of talents. Shortly after Du Fu arrived in Chang 'an, his father died and life became difficult. In order to survive and seek an official position, Du Fu had to run under the powerful door, making poems and giving gifts, hoping to get their introduction. In addition, he also presented many gifts to Tang Xuanzong, such as "Carving Fu" and "Three Gifts Fu", hoping that Tang Xuanzong would appreciate his literary talent. As a result of all kinds of efforts, until the fourteenth year of Tianbao, You Wei led the government to join the army, that is, on the eve of the Anshi Rebellion.
In the late Tianbao period, although the Tang society maintained superficial prosperity, there were crises lurking everywhere. This is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, Xuanzong and his border generals' policy of wholeheartedly expanding their territory and resorting to war led to empty national strength and difficult people's livelihood, and many people died innocently; Second, Xuanzong indulged in pleasure, while Li, Yang and others acted arbitrarily, blocking the road of speech and making politics gloomy; Third, An Lushan, who was favored by Xuanzong, served as an envoy for three times, holding a military symbol in his hand, threatening national unity. People in adversity are easy to see the ills in reality. When the great collapse came, Du Fu saw the misfortune of the country and people through his personal misfortune. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Du Fu wrote his masterpiece Chedian, which recorded the tragic picture of people being driven to the battlefield to die with a serious attitude. This poem marks the transformation of Du Fu's poetry. Since then, he has written nine more poems and continued to question the disastrous border war. Write "Two Ways" to expose the extravagant life of relatives of Princess Yang Yuhuan loved by Xuanzong. And the long poem "Chanting 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" contrasts the situation of the supreme ruling clique's drunken dream to death with the plight of the people's hunger and cold, and summarizes the darkness and irrationality of society with such a shocking poem as "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink and the road freeze to death".
After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Du Fu was once trapped in Chang 'an occupied by rebels. Later, he fled to Tang Suzong alone, and was stationed in Fengxiang, where he was appointed as the left gleaner. This is 8th grade's disciplinarian. Although the position is not high, this is Du Fu's only experience in serving in the central government. But it wasn't long before Su Zong was angered by the Shanghai Book God's strike to protect his family, and was later dismissed as the fourth duke of Huazhou, Gan Yuanchu, who joined the army. Due to the war and famine, Du Fu was unable to support his family and was disappointed in his career. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went to Shu, when Shu was stable and prosperous. From the outbreak of An Shi Rebellion to Du Fu's four years in Sichuan, the whole country was in a violent shock, the dynasty was in danger, a large number of people died, and Du Fu's own life was full of danger and hardship. His poetry creation, nourished by blood and tears, reached its peak.
A large number of masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Spring Watch, Moonlit Night, Sad Chen Tao, Sad Qing Ban, Northern Expedition, Qiangzhai, Three Officials and Three Farewells, gushed from the poet's thoughtful pen.
Shortly after arriving in Chengdu, Du Fu built a thatched cottage in the west of the city with the help of his friends. Later, Yanwu, an old friend of Du Fu, served as our special envoy to the east and west of Jiannan. He was very close to Du Fu and took care of his life. When I came to Shu for the second time, I recommended Du Fu as the chief of staff and Yuan Wailang (later called him "Du Gongbu"). Du Fu came to Shu to avoid chaos and beg for food. Two years ago, he lived in a thatched cottage, and his life was really comfortable. At that time, the poems describing the natural scenery around the thatched cottage also showed a fresh and leisurely charm. But this situation did not last long. Nationally, although the Anshi Rebellion ended in 763 AD, the disintegration of the Tang Dynasty did not stop. In terms of foreign invasion, there was a serious intrusion of Tubo, and even invaded Chang' an, forcing Daizong to flee hastily; In terms of civil strife, there is a general state of warlordism or semi-separatism, while political corruption and official violence are also increasing. From the central part of Sichuan, it is not only the focus of Tubo attack, but also the place where warlords are prone to scuffle.
There was a serious military rebellion between the two towns of Shu, and Du Fu once fled with his family. A violent turmoil turned into a continuous decline, which made Du Fu more disappointed with the future of the country. His later poems and emotions were even heavier than those during the An Shi Rebellion.
In the first year of Yongtai (765), Yanwu died, and Shu was once again in chaos. Du Fu's life in Chengdu has also lost its dependence. He took his family aboard and lived a life of wandering and fleeing (or shortly before Yanwu's death, Du Fu left Shu for Chang 'an because the post of Minister of Industry changed from a nominal position to a real one). The original purpose was probably to walk out of Sichuan along the east of the Yangtze River, but due to illness and war, it stayed for a long time. First I lived in Yun 'an for a while, and then I lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years. At the age of 57, I finally got out of the Three Gorges by boat, but I was still wandering on the water road in Hubei and Hunan. Finally, when Dali was five or fifty-nine, he died in a boat trip near Leiyang. Du Fu's hard wandering life ended miserably here.
I hope my answer is helpful to you ~ hehe