Yu Li
Outside the curtain, the rain is gurgling, spring is fading, and Luo Can can't stand the cold. I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day.
Don't fight alone, it is infinite, and it is easier to see when you are away. Running water is gone, and spring is gone.
? Everyone knows Li Yu very well. He is a very special poet in the history of China's poetry. I don't think there has ever been such a high-ranking poet as Li Yu in history. He was not only a former monarch, but also an outstanding poet, leaving an immortal reputation in the history of Ci. He is also the most famous poet with the title of emperor. I think Li Yu is also the first person in history! Unfortunately, the emperor is called the king of national subjugation.
As for the words he wrote, a lot of words written before the national subjugation mainly described the rich life of the court, while the words written after the national subjugation described his inner real world, showing us the mental journey of a generation of emperors: his country went from prosperity to complete collapse, and he himself became a prisoner. It can be said that every word is blood and every sentence is tears. This word is undoubtedly a psychological description of Li Yu who had to surrender to the Northern Song Dynasty and become a prisoner after the collapse of the country.
? "It's raining outside the curtain", the curtain of the door curtain, no matter what curtain, is a poet in the room, listening to the falling rain outside. What does this mean? Explain that "spring goes and spring comes", and spring has passed. It's late spring when it rains continuously. You may ask, since it is the rain in late spring, why do you say "five miles cold in Luozhou"? It stands to reason that it is summer after spring, and it should be getting hotter and hotter. Even if it rains at midnight, it should be cool, not cold.
However, for Li Yu at this moment, I am afraid that no matter whether it is spring or summer, as long as the weather is gloomy and there is a little light rain, he will feel extremely cold, so he said, "Spring is bleak." This used to mean that spring is slowly passing, but in this word, it means that the beautiful spring is about to pass and the warmth is gone (just like the old country is gone). "It will be colder if you don't lick it." The clothes you wear and the brocade quilt you cover can't stand the cold in the middle of the night. What are we doing? We are just dreaming. My head is still hot at that moment in the dream.
? Why is it still warm in the dream? Because "I don't know the guest in my dream, I want to have fun for a day", only in my dream did he return to his southern Tang Dynasty, and only in my dream was he Li Houzhu, the emperor of southern Tang Dynasty. However, when I woke up, I turned out to be a prisoner of the Northern Song Dynasty, so I could only "live well" in my dreams and covet that little joy and happiness. But it's all a dream after all, and it's all an empty dream. In reality, Li Yu feels cold in spring, summer, autumn and winter, not to mention rain, so she can't bear to part with it.
? I can't sleep now and I can't wake up. What should I do? It is ironic that he has to be alone. He doesn't want to be lonely.
(When you say "Mo", you mean "Twilight", which means leaning on the fence alone in the evening), because as long as you lean on the fence, you will think of his infinite country. Now, in such a five-watch day, it is raining continuously outside the house. It is the fading spring. The author suddenly woke up from that beautiful dream in the past, leaned on the railing alone and remembered his endless land in the south of the Yangtze River. It was really "easy to say goodbye, but difficult to say goodbye!"
? This sentence was originally a common saying at that time, which was different from "If it is not easy, it will be difficult" in Yan Jiaxun, and Cao Pi also said in his famous seven-character poem "Yan Gexing": "If it is easy, it will be difficult to take another day". It's easier to say goodbye than to meet again. Li Yu is definitely not bidding farewell to friends here, but bidding farewell to his country! Once separated from the old country, it is impossible to meet again in this life. The author once wrote a poem "Yu Meiren", which said: "With the silence for half a day, the sound of bamboo is still like a new moon, just like that year." Yes, it can only be like that, but the old friends and homeland of that year will never be seen again.
? "The running water has come out of spring, and it is all in the world", as the saying goes, "The rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring scenery is fading". Yes, you can see that the flowers have fallen, the rain has come and the water has gone. Spring has gone, and the old country has been far away from itself since then, and it is difficult to return and can't meet each other. Since then, it has been "on earth". What? One is in the sky and the other is on the ground. It will never be the same. It's really heaven and earth, and it's hard to meet again.
Li Yu's first poem was particularly painful. Why is it so painful? It is mainly the pain of his home country and the sorrow of prisoners, which is difficult for ordinary people to understand and understand. From ancient times to the present, there are many kings who have perished, but there are really few who are good at depicting their inner world in such a subtle way. We can even say that there may be only one person like Li Yu!
Li Yu was in charge of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but it was during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Here we should define the concept of time for everyone. This is after the demise of the Tang Dynasty and before the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a historical period called Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. At that time, many small countries appeared, and these small countries and regimes fought against each other, drawing one divided regime after another on the map at that time. During the Ten Kingdoms period, Dr. Li established political power in Jiangnan, with Jiangning as its capital, which is now Nanjing. It has been passed down for three generations and enjoyed the country for 39 years. This is Nantang. This southern Tang Dynasty is the largest of the ten countries. At its peak, it spanned the whole province of Jiangxi today, including parts of Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan and Hubei provinces.
Generally speaking, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was an eventful autumn, but in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Ten Kingdoms period, the economy and culture were relatively prosperous, and even the degree of opening to the outside world was relatively high. The banner they are playing is actually a continuation of the Tang Dynasty Empire. It was only in 974 AD that the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to attack Nantang, and in the following year, in the month of 165438+ 10 in 975 AD, its capital, Nanjing, was breached and Nantang was declared shattered. Li Yu once used his own words: "Over the past 40 years, my home country has been covered with mountains and rivers for three thousand miles", which is really accurate. In fact, it was not his turn to be emperor, but the brothers in front of him all died early, so it was his turn to ascend to the throne of this royal family.
? Unfortunately, Li Houzhu is not a bad guy, but he is really a very special king. His poems are well written, and he is very good at music and painting. Such a poet who grew up in a gentle village just made him emperor. According to historical records, his character is actually very kind. He doesn't like to use force or fight, but he likes to read articles, learn six classics, learn a hundred schools, use words calmly, write and know the melody. It should be said that as a scholar, Li Yu is absolutely very standard, even excellent.
But as an emperor, he is indeed unqualified in many aspects of his personality. For example, he doesn't care much about state affairs. For example, he doesn't like ministers arguing and discussing state affairs on the court. For example, he is not so concerned about the sufferings of ordinary people. Suppose Li Houzhu lived in peacetime, and was a so-called peace monarch, who could be perfunctory all his life, that's all. It's a pity that when he became emperor, the Southern Tang Dynasty was at a critical juncture. How can he protect his country, his life and the security of a country in this state of mind?
According to historical records, when Song Jun besieged Jinling, our Li Houzhu was still listening to the monks talking about the Shurangama Sutra and the Jue Yuan Sutra, and even asked the scholars in the museum to explain the Zhouyi and the Book of Songs to him. Everyone said that the country was in danger, but he listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official, thinking that the army of the Song Dynasty was about to retreat, and he had no gratitude at all! When Song Jun really Enemy at the Gates, when he woke up in a big dream, he knew that he had been cheated by the left and the right. Although I was so angry that I killed the near minister, it was difficult to reverse the decline of the national fortune.
Therefore, it is very coincidental that the success of a monarch like Li Yu lies only in his poetry creation. It is precisely because of his outstanding artistic talent that he can reveal his mental journey after his national subjugation in such detail. Yes, the infinite mountains and rivers have slipped away from his hands, and his home country has flowed away like running water in his hands, just like the cold spring he is experiencing now, quietly leaving. And he can only dream this dream on earth, dreaming of his old country.
In the ancient history of China, what kind of king experienced such a painful inner struggle and showed it so vividly in his works of art? I'm afraid Li Yu is the only one. Therefore, on the one hand, we feel that Li Yu, an incompetent emperor, has lost his home country, on the other hand, we can't help but marvel that such an outstanding artistic genius has painted a painful world full of blood and tears for us with such outstanding brushstrokes. I think this is a viewpoint in the history of China's ancient literature and ci. We can also see such a special king, a monologue in his inner world. Reading such words is painful, but there is no doubt that it has reached a height that future generations can't reach. I think this is the special artistic feeling that Li Yu's words give us.
"Langtaosha? Rain outside the curtain "Li Yu"
Outside the curtain, the rain is gurgling, spring is fading, and Luo Can can't stand the cold.
I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day.
Don't fight alone, it is infinite, and it is easier to see when you are away.
Running water is gone, and spring is gone.
Expand knowledge points
First, the poet's brief introduction and creative background
? Li Yu (August, 93715-August, 978 13), the sixth son of Li Jing, was born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and his ancestral home was Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou, Jiangsu).
? In the second year of the Stegosaurus in the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1), Li Yu succeeded to the throne and respected the Song Dynasty as orthodox. In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Li Yu was renamed as "the Lord of the South of the Yangtze River" except the Tang Dynasty. The following year, the ritual system was derogatory, and the kiss in the Imperial Palace in Jinling was cancelled to show respect for Song Ting. In the eighth year of Kaibao (97$), Li Yubing defeated the Song Dynasty, captured Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), made him a special general, and appointed Wei as the general. On July 7th, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing, and was posthumously awarded a surname and a prince of Wu. The world called it Li Houzhu, Queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
? This poem was written during Li Yu's imprisonment in Bianjing, expressing his sense of loss that he could not get rid of after he was reduced from the Emperor to a vassal, and his deep nostalgia for the old country and capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The whole poem is sincere, sad and touching, which profoundly shows the poet's pain of national subjugation and the prisoner's sorrow, and vividly depicts the artistic image of a king who conquered the country.
Second, poetry analysis
Gurgle: Describe the sound of rain.
Fade: Fade. A "will stop".
Luo Zhou: Silk quilt.
Unbearable: I can't stand it.
Noon: later, later. -"payment"
Greedy for pleasure: refers to the pleasure in dreams.
Balcony: Leaning against the railing.
Jiangshan: A Guide to the Tang Heshan.
Third, quote poetry.
Yan Ge Cao Xing Wharf
Another day is easy, mountains and rivers are long and the road is long.
Yu Taojun didn't dare to speak, and sent the cloud back.
Tears and tears ruin the face, and no one can be immune to it without sighing.
Show poems and sing songs to praise yourself, and joy will bring sorrow and destroy the lungs and liver.
I can't sleep when I worry about the pillow.
Looking up at the stars and the moon, watching the clouds, flying pigeons singing in the morning, pathetic.
You can't hold you all the time.
"Yu Meiren? The wind returns to the yard, and the courtyard is green.
The wind returns to the yard, green willows and willow eyes continue. With the silence of the diaphragm for a long time, the sound of bamboo is still like a new moon.
The ice on the surface of the pool is melting before the song is over. The candle is bright and fragrant, the painting hall is deep, and the temples are covered with green frost and snow.
"Is it broken?" Forty years of home country "Li Yu.
Over the past 40 years, my motherland has been covered with mountains and rivers for three thousand miles. How many times did you know each other because of a fight?
Once classified as ministers, Shen Yao and Pan were killed. On the day when he resigned from the temple in a hurry, Jiao Fang still played farewell songs and cried for Gong E. ..