In March of the second year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1079), Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou. The poem case originated from Huzhou Xie Shang Biao written by Su Shi when he went to Huzhou to take office. It was written on the table: "I gave a speech. With your kindness, I moved to the front to post it, on the 20th of this month. The customs of Fuan are nothing in the southeast; The mountains and rivers are clear, so this court is excellent. The people you care about are also chosen with us. I thank the minister. Fu Nianchen is stubborn and has a poor reputation. The discussion is extensive and the literature is shallow. Every mortal must have something, but a minister is not an inch long. The mistake of the first Dutch emperor, Santing; Your majesty has heard it and paid it to two States. If you don't want pain, you need passion, and you will get less in return. However, I didn't have a job only when I was in the bureau; There are laws and regulations, although they are diligently made up. There are many sins, and I know it. The more famous the husband is, the more he can borrow money to show off. Gu Wei has no shape. Don't you know Grace? This cover is full of people, and the sea is full of people. The employer doesn't ask about the establishment, and Jiashan regrets that it can't. Knowing clearly that it is stupid and inappropriate will make it difficult to catch up with new progress; See if he still makes trouble when he is old, or he can adopt the king. And I am in Qiantang, enjoying its customs. The nature of fish and birds can be complacent in the rivers and lakes; Wuyue is also the fatwa of Chen An. Dare to refuse to obey the law and settle the lawsuit privately. Based on the benevolence of the imperial court and the hope of comforting the elderly. I have no responsibility. " The "new progress" in Su Shi's complaining words refers to a group of "small groups" introduced by Wang Anshi during his political reform. The word "disruptive" has become a common language used by conservatives to attack reformists. These words naturally hurt those "little people" who are still stealing high positions for personal gain. He was the first to report Su Shi, followed by Wang Anshi's students. Being framed by He, He and others in every way, Su Shi had to be handed over to Yushitai by decree, and the "Root Survey Institute" headed by him was responsible for the trial. His brushwork became sharper and sharper, accusing the court of being poor and weak. He is eager to calm down one day. However, "it's a big dream in the world, and life is cool in autumn." Dongpo's flowing works triggered Wutai poetry case. In this way, an appalling literary inquisition began.
In the second year of Song Shenzong Yuanfeng (1079), on July 28th, Li Ding and others were ordered to investigate, and immediately sent Huangfu Zun, a doctor of Taichang, to Huzhou to arrest Su Shi. On August 18th, Su Shi was escorted to the capital and put into the palace. After more than two months of "root-seeking" trial, Su Shi suffered inhuman torture. Yushitai tortured a confession day and night, which was really a "humiliating night". Finally, Li Ding and others set "four major crimes" for Su Shi, demanding that Song Shenzong execute Su Shi.
Song Shenzong in the face of censorate reports, the in the mind also really some wonder. At that time, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin had a will that they would not kill the minister except for treason and rebellion. Li Ding and others are bound to kill Su Shi, and public opinion is in an uproar. They think that Su Shi has not committed treason and should not be severely punished. Stranger still, honest people, old and new, came forward to help. Under the pressure of various rescues and public opinion, Song Shenzong had the idea of leniency towards Su Shi. In the end, Su Shi was given a light sentence and closed the case with "the favor of the teaching assistant of Huangzhou Youth League Training".
Taking Wutai Poetry Case as the boundary, Su Shi's poetry works have both inheritance and obvious differences in creation. Behind the "going home" complex that runs through, the poet's brushwork has gradually turned from the gratuitous sigh of teenagers to the helplessness of middle age and the broadmindedness of old age-getting older, more mature and more plain.
First of all, in terms of subject matter, the previous works mainly reflect Su Shi's "specific political worries", while the later works mainly focus on "broad life worries". Su Dongpo, in his own words, his attitude towards life has always been hatred of evil. When it comes to evil, he means "spit it out like a fly in Taiwan Province." In Hangzhou, in a poem dedicated to Wenzhong Kong, he showed contempt for the powerful officialdom: "I am an elk, but I am afraid I am not superior." Not only that, he groaned for the prisoners in the prison and swallowed for the elderly who had no clothes or food. When he wrote rural pastoral poetry, the title was "Wu Zhong Tian Tan": "Sweating shirtless, the price is as low as chaff. Selling cattle to pay taxes and demolishing houses is not as superficial as going hungry next year "; He also wrote about farmers' food when he sang "Spring is everywhere in the mountains". The bamboo shoots eaten by farmers are not salty, just because "there is no salt in March", pointing to the monopoly of the court; He wrote that the recruited people dug canals to pick up salt boats, and his brushwork was sharper: "People are like ducks and pigs, throwing mud and splashing water"; He accused the court of being poor and weak, and he longed for "the king of Yao and Shun" and one day "bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius". He asked, "When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds?" He is frivolous: "Who is afraid? A misty rain is a lifetime! " However, "the world is a big dream. Life is cool in autumn. " Dongpo's flowing works triggered Wutai poetry case. After the dream, Huangzhou's relegated life made him "ironic and cruel, sharp in writing style, nervous and angry, all of which have disappeared and replaced by a brilliant warmth, kindness, tolerance and harmony." Very sweet and mature, very thorough and deep. " When playing chess, he realized: "If you play, you will win or lose, and if you play, there will be nothing." . Between the secluded forests and mountains, he was suddenly enlightened: "Qian Shan plays the flute at night, and the road is dark and beautiful. I wonder if people are changing the world, and wine has no home. " He is no longer obsessed with "struggling with the ambition of the time" but "Zhou Zhen died from then on, and Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life." Therefore, when Su Shi roamed Chibi, he was faced with "the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains" and lamented that "everything between heaven and earth has its own master, and it is understood by the world." He floated to independence and just wanted to be a lonely flood: "I refuse to live if I collect all the cold branches, and the lonely sandbar is cold."
Secondly, culturally, Confucianism was advocated in the early stage and Taoism in the later stage. In the early stage, I was eager to achieve success on the road of being an official. Even if he has the heart to "go home", he will "return to heaven and earth like a boat" and "return home after success" He has a sense of social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he is deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people: "Autumn crops are not full of eyes, and wheat seeds are scarce. I am always ashamed of the people of this country, and I have a thorn in my skin. Life is 5,000 volumes, and there is no word to save hunger "; He is eager to show his greatness on the battlefield. "Why not frost his temples slightly?" When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds? "Especially in Xuzhou, Michigan, his spirit of joining the WTO has always been very strong. In his political essays, Su Shi repeatedly expounded the thought of "Heaven is healthy and gentlemen strive for self-improvement" in the Book of Changes, hoping that "the son of heaven will strive for strength one day" and actively reform and shout for reform. Later, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism in an attempt to get rid of religion. He realized that he and the court dignitaries were "not family". "The so-called' fame and fortune' that people are pursuing is already' a crane bone frosted and disheartened' to him. He can only bury himself in hard work and has no great ambition of' looking at the northwest and killing wolves'." The poor ape jumped into the forest and the horse was exhausted. "For Su Dongpo, who has experienced the ups and downs of his official life, he expressed the truest sigh from the bottom of his heart." How clear is life when you are worried about a southeast snow? Inspired by Buddhism's "normal mind is the Tao", he lived a real peasant life in Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou, and enjoyed it. When the Queen Mother allowed him to live by the Taihu Lake, he was overjoyed: "I sent the west wind in my dream for ten years, and this trip is really for Weng." Finally, he can travel on the boat. He is "wandering in vain". "After a long drought, Su Dongpo was as happy and satisfied as a farmer. He wrote a poem: "it rains three feet, naturally unintentional and unpredictable." I'll forget it and go to bed. I will lie down and listen to the people on the wall. Rotten scholars have worked hard for a hundred years, and farming is not pitied by the public. It will be regarded as a thousand steps across the northwest mountain spring. Everyone knows that I have no money. "
Thirdly, in style, the previous works are magnificent and unrestrained, like a flood bursting its banks and spilling thousands of miles; The later works are ethereal and meaningful, simple and light as deep willow Pak Lei, and fragrant and clear. As far as ci is concerned, there are not many works that really belong to the bold style. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works accounted for about one-tenth of all Su Mian's ci works, and most of them were concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation at that time: "There are thousands of words in writing and ten thousand volumes in your chest, which makes you Yao and Shun. What's so hard about this? " Why don't you hide in my place and watch at leisure when you are using reason? He was healthy, but he died at the age of 10, and he was sharp-edged before the fight; A song "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou" can never be sung leisurely with "seventeen or eighteen women with red fangs", but must be sung with "Dongzhou strong men standing up their palms, playing flute and drums as a festival, which is quite spectacular." Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's positive attitude towards being an official at that time. Some later works have both the style of local people's feelings and the charm of hospitality. For example, it is almost all-encompassing, colorful and lyrical, remembering the scenery, nostalgic feelings, giving gifts away, pastoral scenery and talking about Zen. This part accounts for about nine times out of ten of Su Shi's whole poems. Although there is also a big sigh that "the world is like a dream, a bottle is still on the moon", it is more of a small regret that "the flower wine stand has come and gone, and a little bit of bitterness has blossomed". He fled his official career and began to wait and see nature: "The forest is broken, the mangosteen is hidden, and the cicada is singing in the pond." He found it more and more difficult to bear the pain in his heart with words: "It is difficult to whisper the deep meaning in front of people"; He integrated nature and human beings: "spring scenery is divided into three parts, dust is divided into two parts, and running water is divided into one part." In detail, it seems that it is not Huayang, but just a little tear. " In the meantime, it smelled of Zhuangzi and turned into a butterfly. I got carried away. At this point, he expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical rants, and criticisms that criticized the shortcomings of the times. Its subject matter is more and more extensive, and its style is more and more plain and far-reaching.