A successful good poem must have unique artistic techniques and techniques. An important part of appreciating ancient poetry is to appreciate the artistic techniques and techniques of poetry. This test point is not only the focus of ancient poetry appreciation, but also an important part of ancient poetry appreciation. Difficulties in appreciation. Appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: evaluation of expressions, appreciation of artistic techniques, and appreciation of rhetorical techniques. 1. Evaluation of expressions. Expression methods include four types: narrative, description, lyricism, and discussion. The so-called expression The analysis of form means being able to identify which expressions are used in the poem and what role they play. 1. Narration. The explanation and introduction of characters and events in the work. For example, "An old friend invited me to Tian's house with a chicken millet" ( Meng Haoran's "Passing the Ancient Man's Village"), "The wind is strong and the horns are bowing, and the generals hunt for Weicheng" (Wang Wei's "Guan Xun"). "King Gou Jian of Yue returns after destroying Wu, and the soldiers return home in full splendor" (Li Bai's "Looking at the Ancients in Yue Zhong") Etc. 2. Description. Use figurative language to give a concrete and vivid description of the forms and characteristics of people, objects, environments, etc., so that readers can see the people, hear their voices, see the objects, and be there. Such as "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear springs and rocks flow upward" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn"), "Three mountains are halfway to the blue sky, and one water divides Bailuzhou" (Li Bai's "Deng Jinling Phoenix Terrace"), etc. 3. Lyrical. In the works It expresses subjective feelings and reveals self-emotions. For example, "I am willing to put my sword down from my waist to kill Loulan" (Li Bai's "Song of Saixia"), "We are both from the far end of the world, so why should we have known each other before meeting" (Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing") ), etc. 4. Discussion. Directly expound opinions and express attitudes in the work. For example, "If you are born as a hero, you will die as a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer Quatrains"), "Jiangdong disciples are many talented people, and their comeback is unknown" (Du Mu "Ti Wujiang Pavilion"), etc. These four expressions are not completely separated when used in specific applications, but are often blended together. We need to pay attention to this, such as "Death before leaving the army, making the hero full of tears." "Breast" (Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu") is a sentence that combines the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion. 2. Appreciation of artistic techniques 1. Regarding the artistic techniques of description: from the perspective of description, there are frontal description and side description; From the perspective of description brushes, there are meticulous brushwork and line drawing; from the perspective of description content, there are scene descriptions and character descriptions. 2. Regarding lyrical artistic techniques: There are mainly two ways of lyricism: direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. Ancient poems mostly rely on scenery. To express emotions, it is said that "all scenery language is emotion language". There are usually four types of relationships between scenery and emotion: happy scenery is used to describe happy feelings; sad scenery is used to describe sadness; happy scenery is used to describe sadness; sad scenery is used to describe happy feelings . 3. Contrasting techniques: involves front and back contrast. 4. Contrast techniques. 5. Fu Bixing techniques. 6. Allusions. 7. Imaginary writing and real writing. 8. Symbolic techniques. (See the appendix for details on the above) 3. Appreciation of rhetorical techniques. Commonly used rhetorical techniques in ancient poetry include metaphor, comparison, exaggeration, metonymy, parallelism, hypothetical questions, rhetorical questions, puns, etc. When appreciating poetry, we must be able to identify these rhetorical techniques and analyze their art. Effect. (See the appendix for details on the above content) Attachment: Example analysis of artistic techniques and rhetorical techniques 1. Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression techniques in the "Book of Songs", the earliest collection of poems in China. Subsequent poems It inherits the expression techniques of Fu, Bi, and Xing. Fu is to describe the scene in detail and express the author's attitude. For example, in "The Book of Songs: Cutting Down Tan", "Cut down the sandalwood and put it on the dry side of the river." There is no farming, no farming, no hunting, no hunting, there is a county in Hu Zhan'erting, and the gentleman is not a vegetarian!" It describes a group of logging slaves who cut sandalwood to make cars for their slave owners. During heavy labor, I think of slave owners getting something for nothing, and I can't restrain my inner anger. To compare is to compare one thing to another. "The Book of Songs: Shuo Mouse" compares slave owners to big rats, using the technique of comparison. "Xing" means "preface something else to trigger the words to be chanted". For example, "The river is clear and ripples" in "The Book of Songs", "The River is clear and ripples", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Xing" "Bi" is often used in connection with a poem. For example, at the beginning of "The Peacock Flying Southeast", "The Peacock flies southeast, wandering five miles away", which is both "Xing" and "Bi". 2. Direct lyricism and indirect lyricism: To express one's feelings directly is to express one's feelings directly, also called to express one's heart directly. To express one's feelings implicitly through narration, description or discussion of certain things or issues is to express one's feelings indirectly. Chinese classical poetry pursues implicitness, so it often It is an indirect expression of emotion, achieving the blending of scenes. "All scene language is sentimental language", expressing emotions in the scene, and blending scenes are commonly used techniques in classical poetry. Whether scenes blend together is a sign of whether a classical poem has a mood; and whether it has a mood, It is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is a superior work. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tune] Qingjiang Yin? Autumn Embrace": The west wind letter comes from thousands of miles away, asking me when I will return home. The wild geese crow, the red leaves are in the sky, the people are drunk in the yellow flower field, and the banana rain sounds. In the autumn dream, the poet tightly grasps the meaning of the title and uses the west wind, northern wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains, and the sound of rain to create a bleak autumn scene. The arrival of the "west wind" also reminds him of the uncertainty of the "return date" ; Because of the "sound of banana rain", it highlights the melancholy of tossing and turning about my unfulfilled fame. Every sentence is a description of the scene, and every sentence is lyrical, and the emotion and scene are highly unified.
If it is an exam. ::
Skill-type test method
①What expression techniques (expression techniques) are used in this poem (two poems or sentences)? And make a brief analysis. ② Appreciate this poem from a certain perspective (such as movement and stillness, emotion and scenery, rhetoric, etc.).
Question-solving tips
Expression techniques are a method used by poets to express emotions and express themes. To answer accurately, you must be familiar with some expression methods commonly used in ancient poems. ①Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, parallelism, exaggeration, contrast, personification, pun, etc. ②Description techniques: A. foil technique, which is divided into forward foil and reverse foil. Contrast includes dynamic foil, sound and silence foil, joy and sorrow foil, etc.; B. profile description; C. combination of virtual and real; D. symbolic techniques, etc. ③Lyric techniques: express one's feelings directly and express one's feelings indirectly. There are three types of indirect expression: expressing one's feelings through scenery, expressing one's aspirations through objects, and expressing one's thoughts through objects.
Problem-solving tips
① Accurately point out what expression technique is used; ② Analyze why this technique is used based on the poem; ③ What kind of emotion or intention does this technique express? .
Commonly used terms:
This poem uses (expression, rhetorical techniques, expression techniques) techniques to write out the (such and such) characteristics of (image) and express ( Highlights) (someone's) thoughts and feelings, and plays (someone's) role.
Expression methods include: narrative, description, lyricism, and discussion. (Explanation)
Rhetorical techniques include: metaphor, comparison, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, repetition, foil, contrast, allusion, etc.
Expression techniques include: symbolism, imagination, association, anaphora, borrowing scenes to express emotions, embedding emotions in scenes, supporting objects to express aspirations, etc.
Thoughts and emotions include: melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom; tranquility, leisure, joy; admiration, anger, adhering to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people, etc.
Function: Deepening the artistic conception, deepening the main idea, profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound meaning, thought-provoking, saying something close but far-reaching, etc.