The ancestor of chrysanthemum appreciation is Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which has been ignored by Chinese people since ancient times. In Tao Yuanming's poems, chrysanthemums have appeared many times, the most famous of which is Drinking Five. He wrote: "building a house is in a person's environment, but there are no horses and chariots." What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is a real meaning in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say. "
"Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan". Chrysanthemum is the standard for hermits; A hermit needs a yard, a fence and a rhubarb dog. But Tao Yuanming, a hermit in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, watched and picked chrysanthemums, which were not the colorful chrysanthemums we saw in the park today.
According to the research of botanists and gardeners, chrysanthemum is the native species in China. People in China have a long history of knowing and appreciating chrysanthemums, but the artificial cultivation and reproduction of chrysanthemums may have just begun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. All right, according to Tao Yuanming's character, he may not like the "enchanting" goods of later generations.
Because Tao Yuanming wrote chrysanthemums, many words like "Ling Tao" and "Chrysanthemum" appeared in later Tang and Song poems, which may also be a tribute to the great predecessors. In order to prove the great influence of Tao Yuanming, let's take a look at how the "Bai Yuan" in the Tang Dynasty-that is, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi-wrote chrysanthemums:
Yuan Zhen wrote in "Chrysanthemum": "Autumn shrubs are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Bai Juyi said in Ode to Chrysanthemum: "A new frost hits the tile overnight, and the banana is defeated. Cold tolerance is just a hedge chrysanthemum, and the golden millet is clearer at first dawn. "
These two poems by Bai Yuan endow Chrysanthemum with a personified image. "It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, and this flower is even more barren." Lose no time to publicize Chrysanthemum and yourself, like the Ao Shuang spirit of Chrysanthemum, learn from Chrysanthemum and get close to Chrysanthemum.
In Bai Juyi's eyes, in the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the banana is broken and the lotus leaf is withered. "Only the East Hedgehog Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant." Chrysanthemum in the cold wind in late autumn, with luxurious corolla, bright color and bitter fragrance, is always so tall and straight, with a little aloof. And this may also be the poet's ambition.
As mentioned above, people in China planted chrysanthemums from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. After hundreds of years, there are finally many new artificial varieties. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin wrote in "Chrysanthemum": "Stealing the purple and melting the yellow. They have the color of Tao Yuanming's Hedgerow and the fragrance of Lohan House. Chrysanthemum is not afraid of wet dew, but afraid of the arrival of the sunset. May the golden parrot be promoted to Bai Yutang. "
The phrase "stealing purple and melting yellow" shows that in the late Tang Dynasty when Li Shangyin lived, the colors of chrysanthemums were already varied, and "melting yellow" was its true color. "Dark purple", which should be a rare purple chrysanthemum, is slightly different from lavender. Not only purple chrysanthemums, but also white chrysanthemums, green chrysanthemums, red chrysanthemums and even black chrysanthemums were cultivated in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
In essence, these chrysanthemums are like goldfish, not natural products, but highly artificial varieties. If they are released into nature, they will either not survive or degenerate back after several generations. At that time, people had not mastered modern genetics, and they were able to make great efforts to cultivate purely ornamental animals and plants from generation to generation, perhaps because of the energy of "wasting time on beautiful things"
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