In Huang San, Yu moved the capital to Luochuan. The ancients said that the name of water god was Fu Fei. Feeling Song Yu's concern for the goddess Chu, he wrote a poem. Its words say:
I come from Beijing, and I have returned to Dong Fan. Back to yique, the more iron, Tonggu, Lingjingshan. The sun sets in the west and the car is in danger. Second, taxes have promoted Gao, Zhitian, Luochuan. Therefore, the essence is dynamic and suddenly comes to mind. If you look down, you will not see it. If you look up, you will see a beautiful woman on the bank of the rock. But he asked Qiu, "What did you entrust me with? Who is he? If only it were gorgeous! " The coachman said to him, "I have heard of the God of Heluo. His name is Fu Fei. However, what the king saw was only one day? What is its shape? I want to hear it. I told you:
"Its shape is also like a surprise, but elegant Youlong. Glory Qiuju, Song Chun, Hua Mao. As light as Yun Zheyue, swaying as the wind flowing back to the snow. Looking from a distance, if the sunrise rises; If you are forced to check it, it will burn like a wave. Slim, tailored. If the shoulders are cut, the waist is as good as the elements. Neck stretching looks good, and its quality is exposed. If you don't add Fang Ze, you will get rich in lead. The clouds are towering and the eyebrows are repaired. Red lips are bright outside, white teeth are fresh inside, bright eyes are good at looking, and cymbals help. The ring posture is gorgeous and free and easy, and the instrument is quiet and leisurely. Tender as water, charming language. Stunning clothes are outstanding, and the bone image should be mapped. The glory of wearing a sweater is the glory of Yao and Bi. Wear jade jewelry and embellish pearls to show off your figure. To practice a long journey of writing is to drag the fog lightly. The fragrance of small orchids lingers in the corner of the mountain. So how can you suddenly jump and travel and play? Leaning on the left, leaning on the laurel flag on the right. I'm busy with my wrist, and I use the mysterious wisdom of turbulent wrasse.
I am happy for my beauty, but my heart is shaking and unhappy. The unscrupulous media greeted Huan and made a speech with the help of microwave. I hope to be sincere first, and Yu Pei will be understood. The letter of beauty is cultivated, and Qiang people are polite and understand poetry. Anti-Joan means diving into the abyss for a while. Pay close attention to your family's money, you are afraid of being bullied by me. I feel that I just gave up my words, but I am hesitant and suspicious. Be calm and calm, and be self-sustaining when cashing.
So Luo was inspired, wandering around, the lights flickering. To stand out from the crowd, it is not enough to have a body. The practice of pepper coating is very fierce, and the steps are fine and fragrant. Super-long songs are always praised by people, and their voices are sad and long. I am a wandering soul, a lonely soul, or clean, or flying, or picking pearls, or picking jade feathers. From nanxiang's second concubine, I took Hanbin's wandering daughter. Sigh that the melon has no horse, and sing the morning glory alone. It's a pity to shine, but it's a delay in repairing sleeves. Hugh Xun flies, wandering like a god, walking on the waves, and the bottom of socks is dusty. Unstable is dangerous, and dangerous is safe. Enter a difficult period, if you go, if you return. Into liquid sperm, smooth and beautiful. If you don't spit, you will be angry. Huarong is graceful, which makes me forget my meal.
So the screen will collect wind, and the waves will calm the river. Feng Yi sings drums and Nu Wa sings. Teng Wenyu took the police to ride, and Luan died together. Six dragons go hand in hand, carrying the capacity of a cloud car, whales fly to the hub, and waterfowl fly as a precaution. So the farther north. After Nangang, I returned to Qingyang and moved my lips to the handover outline with Chen. There are different ways to hate people and God, and it is not appropriate to hate the prime of life. Resist Luo Mei's tears, and the tears flow. Always mourn for a beautiful society. Mourn for the death and leave a foreign land. Cherish without love, offer Jiangnan wisdom. Although I am a grandson, my heart grows in the king. Suddenly I didn't realize what I had given up, and I was disappointed that God hid the light at night.
So, I carried the mausoleum high on my back, leaving my mind to God, imagining my feelings and longing for my sadness. The complex shape of the dead body can be traced back to the royal canoe. Floating in the long river and forgetting to return, thinking constantly and increasing admiration. Sleepless at night, stained with countless frost. I'll go east when the servant drives. Take countermeasures, but linger, can't leave.
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In the year of Huang San, I went to the capital to worship the Emperor and came back to Luoshui. Legend has it that the name of Luoshui God is Fu Fei (Fuxi's youngest daughter drowned in Luoshui while playing, and was named Luoshui God after her death). So I imitated Song Yu and wrote the story of the king of Chu meeting the goddess Fu, and I also wrote down this experience. It is like this:
I returned to the eastern feudal city (Juancheng) from Beijing. After a mountain, Yuanyuan Mountain, Tonggu and Jingshan Mountain.
At this time, the sun is setting, and the horses and chariots are exhausted. So I parked my car on the river bank full of herbs and let the horses graze freely on the grass. I walked safely and leisurely in the Woods, looked around and enjoyed the beautiful scenery of Luoshui. Suddenly, I was shocked and my thoughts drifted away. I suddenly looked up and saw a strange sight: a beautiful woman on the edge of a cliff. So he grabbed the entourage and asked, "Have you seen that woman? Who is she? It's so beautiful! " The attendant replied, "I heard that the god of waterinfo is called Fu Fei, so has the king seen her?" What does she look like? I really want to hear it. "I said," She looks light and soft, like a swan flying after being frightened, with a strong and graceful body, like Youlong frolicking in the air; "The face is as bright as chrysanthemums in full bloom in autumn, and youth is as gorgeous and prosperous as spring; If there is no thin cloud to gently cover the bright moon, the image will float like snowflakes blown by the wind; Seen from a distance, this bright white elephant is the rising sun in the morning glow in Ran Ran. Close up, it is as bright and dazzling as the graceful lotus in the clear water. Plump and slim, just right, tall and thin in line with aesthetic feeling; The shoulders are as beautiful as a cut, and the waist is as thin as a bundle of slender white silk; The neck is slender, the chin is beautiful, and the white skin is slightly exposed; No perfume, not enough powder; The thick bun stands upright and the slender eyebrows are slightly bent; In the bright red lips, white teeth are vividly presented; Bright and moving eyes look around, and two beautiful dimples appear on the cheeks; She has a beautiful posture, bright and elegant appearance, quiet appearance and refined posture; Modality is soft, broad and charming, which is hard to describe in words; Wearing strange clothes is rare in the world, and the skeleton looks like a fairy in the painting; She wore bright silk clothes and exquisite jade carving earrings; Jade is hung as jewelry, and precious pearls adorn the beautiful face; She is walking on shoes embroidered with delicate patterns, dragging a thin gauze skirt as thin as fog, faintly emitting a faint blue fragrance, and slowly wandering on the hillside; Occasionally jump and play while walking; There are colored flags on the left and cassia twigs on the right to cover the shade; She is rolling up her sleeves, dipping her white and delicate wrists into Luoshui and picking black ganoderma lucidum in the rushing river. "
I deeply fell in love with her virtue and beauty, and I was in a volatile mood and unhappy. Suffering from the lack of a good matchmaker to convey my love, I expressed my love with affectionate eyes, hoping that my sincere feelings could be expressed to her before others, so I took Yu Pei off my waist and gave her a gift, saying that I would meet her. She is so perfect that she knows not only etiquette but also poetry. She held up Mei-yu and answered me, pointing to the deep pool to agree on a meeting date. My heart is full of sincere attachment, lest the beautiful god derail; Legend has it that two goddesses by the Hanshui River gave the white jade to Zheng Jiaofu for a lifetime, but they broke their word and disappeared instantly. So with incredible hesitation, I restrained my joy and calmed my mood, telling myself to strictly observe the etiquette between men and women to restrain myself.
So Luo Shen moved, hovering low, colorful divine light flashing, light body holding up like a crane to stay. She lingered on the fragrant path full of pepper orchids and the bushes in Du Heng with faint flowers, expressing her long-standing yearning with a sad and mournful voice. Soon, many immortals gathered relatives and friends together, some playing in the clear river, some soaring on the sandbar where Luo Shen often swam, some picking pearls at the bottom of the river, and some picking beautiful feathers on the shore. After Luoshen, E Huang and Nv Ying, who are ringing in the water, accompanied the Hanshui Goddess to roam by the water, lamenting the loneliness of Papaya Star and sympathizing with Altair Star. She raised her arm and covered the sun with slender sleeves, and her thin coat fluttered in the breeze. She is as light as a bird and unfathomable; Walking on the water waves, there is a misty mist under your feet; The whereabouts are uncertain, and the emotions are unknown; Predictably, I want to go and stay, my eyes are full of tenderness, my eyes are flying, and the joy of love moistens my beautiful face; There seems to be a lot of words in my mouth, and there is a faint orchid fragrance in my breath; She is shy, soft in appearance, and deeply attracts me. I don't know where I am.
At this time, Fengshen stopped the wind, Shuishen stopped the ups and downs of Jiangbo, Yin and Yang gods blew the ancient days, and Nuwa sang a clear song; Warm fish prance in the car, jade bells jingle; Six dragons are neck and neck, carrying a cloud car slowly; Whales and salamanders compete for jumping clips to protect car drivers, and waterfowl shuttles to protect them; So Luo Shen crossed the island in the water, climbed over the south hill, turned his white neck, looked at me with delicate and beautiful eyes, stirred up his lips, slowly stated the truth of helpless separation, hated the situation that people and gods were angry together, and complained that youth love was not satisfactory. He raised his sleeve to wipe his tears, and the tears rolled down and wet his clothes. The sad and beautiful side will be cut off forever, and sorrow will be separated from each other from now on. I didn't have a pledge to give, so I gave the precious Yuhuan in Jiangnan to me. "Although I live in seclusion in heaven, I will miss the king forever ..." Before I finished, I suddenly disappeared, and the divine light disappeared. I felt very lost.
So I went over the mountains, tracked up and down, looking for the footprints left by Luo Shen. Luo Shen has gone, and the scenery is still there. Looking around, it adds to the melancholy. I was looking forward to the reappearance of Luo Shen, so I took a boat against the current and wandered around the Yangtze River at will, not knowing my way home. My yearning is endless, which adds to my yearning. I can't sleep at night, and I am covered with thick crystal cream until dawn. Helpless, I ordered the servant to start driving and continue my return trip. I grabbed the reins, raised the whip and wandered in the same place for a long time.
Appreciation of Luo Shenfu
In the riverside area of Jianghan, China, there have been many beautiful legends about goddesses for a long time. These legends have attracted generations of poets and writers with their unique charm. They yearned for and sang in a low voice, leaving behind countless beautiful and moving masterpieces. The God of Hanshui in Nan Zhou Hanguang is elusive, the God of Xiangshui in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs is graceful and affectionate, and the God of Luoshui written by Sima Xiangru and Zhang Heng is enchanting, beautiful and charming. However, among these gentle carols and wonderful descriptions, Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen is the most full of plot and touching. According to the Preface, Cao Zhi's Fu was written after Huang San entered Luoyang, the capital of the DPRK, and passed through Luoshui on his way back to Juancheng, a fief, "feeling Song Yu's worries about Chu women". Shortly after Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he killed Cao Zhi's close friends Ding Yi and Ding Kuang. After going abroad, Cao Zhi himself played "Drunk and Slow, Robbed the Messenger of Danger" for the country, and was demoted as the Hou of Anxiang, later renamed as the Hou of Juancheng, and then established the King of Juancheng (for details, see The History of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Sichuan). These are undoubtedly a heavy blow to Cao Zhi, who is determined to "serve the country faithfully, benefit the people, make contributions and make a lasting legacy" (a book with Yang Dezu), and his depression and anguish can be imagined. The work begins with a trip out of Beijing, which includes "carrying a gap, crossing a shaft, crossing a bronze drum and crossing Jing Ling", and describes the scene when the author and his entourage arrive in Robin. At that time, "the sun sets and the car is in trouble." They levied high taxes, cultivated fields, endured poplars and flowed to Luochuan. In a quiet atmosphere, the author looked at the sparkling waterinfo in a trance. At the moment when he occasionally looked up, a miracle appeared: a beautiful goddess stood on the cliff opposite. This makes the author extremely amazed. Unconsciously, he grabbed the ruler beside him and asked eagerly, "Do you have to believe him?" ? Who is he, if this is gorgeous! "Here, the beautiful scenery and water on the hillside before sunset set off the surprises of the characters and created a fascinating artistic conception. Next, the charioteer's answer is also very clever. He evaded the author's first question-"I am bound to the other" and did not answer. Instead, the goddess Luo was put forward in the tone of speculation such as "I heard" and "nothing is", which intentionally left a foreshadowing for the later description of Luo, and also cast a mysterious color on the already strange experience. Luo Shen is said to be the daughter of the Mi family in ancient times. She is a water god because she drowned in waterinfo. Qu Yuan mentioned this ancient legendary goddess in Tian Wen and Li Sao. Later, Zhang Heng described her in their fu: "If my husband is a piano player, he is definitely unconventional, enchanting and refined, elegant." ..... fragrant and melancholy, cool and melancholy; Bright eyes and white teeth, should you laugh? ; Long eyebrows, lotus rolls, and slight shame "(Shanglin Fu); Xi Taihua's jade girl is called Fu Fei of Lop. Xian Jiaoli's charm is charming, which increases her eyes and eyebrows. Shu? Jing's waist is fine, but Yang's emblem is wrong. Smile away from your lips, Yan? Legacy with light ... "(S. Fu Xuan). Different from the direct description of predecessors, the work first gives a colorful description of Luo Shen's presence with a series of vivid and peculiar metaphors: "Its shape is also strange, graceful as Youlong, and glorious as autumn chrysanthemum and spring pine in Hua Mao. "Like light Yun Zheyue, gone with the wind like romantic back to the snow. Looking from a distance, if the sunrise rises; If you check it forcibly, it will burn like a lotus. " Its vivid image and gorgeous colors attract people's attention. Among them, "If you are amazing, if you are graceful and restrained, if you are Youlong" especially vividly shows the charm and charm of Luoshen. It, along with Light Yun Zheyue and Love Back to Snow, gives people graceful and graceful movements in terms of posture. Autumn Chrysanthemum, Spring Pine, Sunrise and Soaring Up give people a sense of bright, clear, gorgeous and enchanting colors in appearance. This sense of movement and color are intertwined and immersed in each other, weaving into a colorful magical scene, which shows people the beauty of Luoshen. On the basis of the strong artistic effect of this repeated metaphor, the author further describes Luo Shen's posture, appearance, clothing and manners in detail by using traditional techniques. This Mi Xi's daughter has a moderate figure, shoulders and waist, and is born with beauty. Her eyebrows are trimmed into a bun, her lips and teeth are fresh, and her eyes are hidden and radiated; Coupled with the gorgeous clothes, bright jade and shining pearls, it is even more "elegant and elegant, quiet and leisurely". These descriptions by the author remind people of the praise of Wei Zhuanggong's wife Zhuang Jiang in the Book of Songs: "Soft hands, firm skin, collar like a dragonfly, teeth like a rhinoceros, low head, clever smile and eager eyes" ("Feng Wei said people"); It is also reminiscent of Song Yu's praise for the woman next door in the East: "One point is not increasing, one point is not decreasing, the powder is too white, and Zhu Taihong is not enough" ("The Loser"). The author is obviously influenced by them, but he pays more attention to the dynamic beauty of characters than his predecessors. Next, he focused on Luo Shen's naive and lively behavior: "Practice the pen and shoes of traveling far away, and drag the fog lightly." The fragrance of small orchids lingers in the corner of the mountain. So how can you suddenly jump and travel and play? Leaning on the left, leaning on the laurel flag on the right. I am busy exercising my wrist, and I am learning the mysterious wisdom of the noise. "In the face of such a scene, we seem to smell the fragrance coming from Luo Shen's walk and see her wandering in the corner of the mountain, collecting wisdom at the water's edge. At this point, Luo Shen's image is both elegant and vivid. The author was deeply moved by the beautiful goddess in front of him. At first, he was depressed because he couldn't convey his love. Later, he "wanted to be sincere first" and "understood Yu Pei to get it". After receiving Fu Fei's response, he remembered the legend of Zheng Jiaofu's mourning for Han Bin, and was suspicious of her "pointing out the abyss and temporarily avoiding the edge". The twists and turns of the author's feelings vividly reflected his subtle inner situation at that time. Correspondingly, Luo Shen was also moved. However, unlike the writer, the work does not directly describe her psychological changes, but through a series of detailed descriptions of her actions, it shows the passionate love in her heart and the strong sadness that this love cannot be realized. Look at her wandering. The light of god flickers on and off, and at first glance it turns cloudy to sunny. After a while, I shrugged and lifted it lightly, as if to fly and not get up; After a while, I wore a thin pepper coat, which attracted a strong fragrance; After a while, I screamed in disappointment, and my voice echoed with the deep sorrow of acacia. When Luo Shen's funeral summoned the gods to "play clean, or gather pearls, or gather jade feathers", although she was accompanied by Princess Nanxiang and Hanbin's secluded daughter, she still couldn't help but "sigh for the lack of horses, sing for the lonely cows" and stood there lost in thought. In a flash, she was like a fast-flying waterfowl, wandering on the foggy water, and her whereabouts were uncertain. Only the flowing, affectionate eyes and the lip kiss seem to pour out their infinite attachment and sadness to the author. Reading the author's description of Luo Shen's hesitation, chanting, wandering or wandering, we seem to be enjoying a dance drama with intense feelings and beautiful posture. The character expresses her inner love, contradiction, melancholy and pain with changeable and swaying dance steps. In particular, "the body flies fast and erratic." Limbo walked slightly, and Luo's socks were covered with dust. Unstable is dangerous, and dangerous is safe. The passage "If you go back, if you go back" pushed this dance drama to a climax, and the psychological contradictions and emotional waves of the characters were fully expressed here. Just as the author and Luo Shen were relatively speechless and reluctant, the moment of parting finally came. This is a fantastic and colorful scene: the screen is full of clouds and waves, and the river waves are still there. Fu Fei is driven by six dragons and set off under the escort of whales, whales and fins. The beautiful Luo Shen sat in the drifting car, turning his head and pouring out his heart to the author. "Sorrow will last forever, sorrow will die in a foreign land", and deep sorrow hangs over this mythical picture. After stating the "Handover Outline" that "hating God is different, hating the prime of life is the best", Luo Shen also vowed: "Although I am in the moonlight, my heart grows on the king." Finally, Luo Shen's gorgeous image finally disappeared in the boundless twilight, but the author still stood by the water, looking disappointedly at the direction of Luo Shen's death, and suddenly lost. He sailed back to Sichuan in a canoe, hoping to see the beautiful image of the goddess again. However, the misty waves and the long night have made him more affectionate and considerate. After dawn, the author had to "retreat to the East Road", but he still "took the initiative to take countermeasures, but he couldn't leave. "This passage of the work is full of rich lyrical atmosphere and has a fascinating power, which more prominently and perfectly outlines and sets off the image of Luo Shen in people's minds.
The theme of love between man and god is common in western literature, but it is rare in ancient China literature. In particular, it is even more rare to express the mutual admiration and love between man and god like Luo Shenfu. Song Yu's Goddess Fu focuses on the external beauty of Wushan Goddess, but fails to pay more attention to the inner feelings. At the same time, the king of Chu is not described as a party in love in his works. Therefore, Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen can be said to be one of the most outstanding works of this kind. The predecessors had different views on his creative motivation. Some people think that Cao Zhi failed to find a concubine, and then he saw his golden pillow in Yu Pei, so he wrote sadly. Formerly known as Ganzhen Fu, it was changed from Ming Di to Luoshen Fu (Notes on Selected Works of Shan Li). Some people think that Cao Zhi's truth-seeking has nothing to do with history. The old theory is that he mistakenly put it in bamboo slips with the world-famous novel Ganzhenji, and his works are actually based on Cao Zhi's "exoneration" (textual research on Hu Kejia's Selected Works and He Chao's Secretary of Reading Yimen). Some people think that there is a true feeling, but what they feel is not that Cao was demoted to Juancheng in the third year (Zhu Gan's Yuefu Justice). There may be some truth in these views, but we feel that if we are too obsessed with historical facts when we understand and appreciate a classic literary work, it is not worthwhile to regard the writer's literary creation as a direct reflection of history. Therefore, judging from the author's situation at that time and the content of his works, it is better to regard the goddess as an artistic symbol of the unfulfilled ideal of serving the country repeatedly expressed by the author in other works, which may be closer to the author's creative intention. From this point of view, the work not only successfully created a goddess image of "if you are surprised, if you are charming, if you are graceful, if you are Youlong", but also gives people valuable enlightenment from the ideological pursuit and persistence of ideals.
Predecessors spoke highly of the ideological and artistic achievements of Luo Shen Fu, most obviously compared with Qu Yuan's Nine Songs and Song Yu's Goddess Fu. In fact, Cao Zhi's Fu has both. It not only has a strong lyrical component with Mrs. Xiang, but also has a delicate description of female beauty in Song Fu. In addition, its plot is complete, its technique is changeable and its form is meaningful, which is beyond the previous works. Therefore, it has a very extensive and far-reaching influence in history. Gu Kaizhi, a great calligrapher and painter in the Jin Dynasty, showed the spirit and style of "Ode to the Goddess of Luo", which added a rare masterpiece to the bookshop and painting circle. In the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, some playwrights put it on the stage again, and Wang Daokun's Sad Life of Chen Luoshui is one of the more famous ones. As for the writers who used this as the theme in the past dynasties, countless people read poems and songs. It can be seen that the artistic charm of Cao Zhi's Luo Shen Fu is enduring.