Du Mu in Red Cliff
A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.
This ancient poem eulogizing history seems to satirize Zhou Yu's success. The first two sentences of the poem use things to inspire people and lament the deeds of the previous dynasty. The last two sentences say: Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhou Yu attacked by fire. Without the east wind, Wu Dong would have been destroyed, Er Qiao would have been captured, and history would have changed. The conception of the poem is extremely subtle and very attentive.
Li Bai's "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing"
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
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Precautions:
The main idea of this poem is:
"In the past, there was a phoenix bird on the Phoenix Platform who came here for recreation. Now the phoenix bird has flown away from Beijing, leaving only this empty terrace, which is still eastward with the river. At that time, the magnificent palace of the king of Wu, with all kinds of flowers and plants in it, is now buried in the desolate and quiet path. Even though the dignitaries of the Jin Dynasty once had brilliant achievements, they are now buried in ancient graves and turned into a handful of loess. I stood on the stage and looked at the three mountains in the distance, still standing outside the blue sky. Egret Island divides the Qinhuai River into two waterways. Clouds floating in the sky sometimes cover the sun, so that I can't see Chang' an, and I can't help but feel sad. 」
We mentioned in Li Bai's poem Nautilus Island that after reading the poem Yellow Crane Tower, Li Bai wrote the poem Nautilus Island, hoping to compare with Cui. After writing, Li Bai felt that he could not compare with Cui Hao, so he wrote a doggerel on the Yellow Crane Tower: "Hit the Yellow Crane Tower with one punch, and kick the parrot island with two feet. There is a scene in front of me where Cui Hao wrote a poem. " Throw away a pen. Because the poet couldn't help writing a poem praising the beautiful scenery, and Li Bai was no exception, he wrote the poem Nautilus Island, which he felt really inferior. After returning home, he became more and more unwilling, so he wrote the poem "On boarding the Phoenix Tower in Nanjing" before he felt satisfied.
Because Bai's works are published, both poems are seven-character poems, so later generations think that Li Bai intends to compete with them, so there is the legend of limerick mentioned above.
In fact, according to Morita's research in Japan, Li Bai didn't write that doggerel. The reason why Li Bai wrote "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" is because he has a deep feeling about current affairs and has no intention of competing with Cui Hao.
The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty forced Xuanzong to take refuge in Shu, and the prince was located in Lingwu. Li Bai was also exiled to Yelang because of the Wang Yonglin incident. When Li Bai was young, he was full of lofty sentiments, hoping to do something important for the country, but he was never reused by the emperor. Seeing that the Tang Dynasty was ravaged by Hu Bing during the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai's feelings can be imagined. Therefore, when he wrote this poem, he used the first sentence: "The phoenix walked in the phoenix, and it has been abandoned in this desolate river. Lead out the whole poem, because it is said that phoenix birds only appear when the world is peaceful, so the appearance of phoenix birds is regarded as a symbol of good luck in ancient times. Li Bai saw the Anshi Rebellion endangering the Tang room and missed the legend that the phoenix bird rested on the Phoenix Terrace. Now the phoenix bird no longer comes, only the river still flows eastward.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Jinling was the capital of Sun Quan, and during the Yongjia Rebellion in the Jin Dynasty, the capital was also built in the southeast of Jinling City, where the Phoenix Tower was located. Li Bai's imagination of the bustling scene of the Wu Palace and the scenery deeds of those dignitaries in the Jin Dynasty are now hidden in a secluded path and become ancient hills. When one dynasty is weak and dies, another dynasty rises immediately. The rule of Zhenguan in the peaceful and prosperous times of the Tang Dynasty and the rule of Kaiyuan became a thing of the past. Since the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty was in jeopardy. Why not worry about Li Bai? Standing on the stage, I saw Sanshan and Egret Island in the distance, but what about Chang 'an? Li Bai's last sentence: "A cloud rose between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart." In poetry, floating clouds are often used to refer to villains, and daytime is used to refer to monarchs. Covering the sun refers to the evil villains around the monarch and the king, slandering and framing the good ministers, so that the loyal ministers have no chance to give advice to the emperor. The next sentence, "Hiding its city in my melancholy heart", refers to Li Bai lamenting his exile, seeing that Chang 'an is nowhere to be seen in the sky, and worrying that he will never have a chance to go to Chang 'an again, or in other words, the Anshi Rebellion, when Xuanzong moved west to Shu, the prince became a martial artist, and the mountains and rivers of the Tang Dynasty have not been recovered, and he was sad for Chang 'an.
The allusion of this metaphor comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu. According to legend, when Jin Mingdi was a child, he sat on the lap of the Jin and Yuan emperors. Yuan Di asked him if Chang 'an was far from the sun. Ming Di replied that Chang 'an is far from the sun, because he heard that someone came from Chang 'an, but he didn't know that someone came from the sun. Yuan Di is glad of his cleverness. The next day, he asked Ming Di the same question in front of ministers. Unexpectedly, Ming Di replied that the sun was near and Chang 'an was far away, but he looked up at the sun.
Chang 'an, the capital of Jin Dynasty, crossed south after Yongjia Rebellion, and Jin Yuan Emperor changed Jinling into the capital. Similar to the Tang Dynasty, the prince was forced to be located in Lingwu because of the Anshi rebellion. Therefore, the last two sentences of Li Bai's poem "Clouds Cover the Sun" also refer to the fact that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty favored Yang Guifei and Yang Guo Zhong and abandoned state affairs, which led to the Anshi Rebellion and Chang 'an fell into the hands of the conference semifinals. Li Bai wrote this poem purely out of nostalgia for the past, which made him think of cherishing the monarch. He felt sorry for the villain's slanderous remarks. He boarded the Phoenix Tower, but he couldn't see Chang 'an. He has been writing this poem for some time, but he has no intention of competing with Cui Hao for victory. Their theories of winning are all attached by later generations.
The source of the limerick mentioned above is that Li Bai was exiled to Yelang, but he was pardoned halfway. He passed by Jiangxia and wrote a poem "Jiangxia gave Wei Nanling an ice", saying, "I lament the Yellow Crane Tower for you, and you lament Nautilus Island for me. Chibi is like a dream, singing and dancing. " Li Bai was depressed because of his sad mood, so he deliberately wrote this kind of quick talk to relieve his grievances. Later, he wrote a poem "Answer 18 after Drunk", responding to the poem that smashed the Yellow Crane Tower, saying: "The Yellow Crane Tower has been smashed, and there is no one to rely on. The Yellow Crane appealed to the Jade Emperor in Heaven, but was released to the south of the Yangtze River. Laughing at myself for my previous poems was originally just a game article of literati. I didn't expect a Zen monk to pass by the Yellow Crane Tower in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, so I took a sentence from two poems of Li Bai and wrote this poem: "I hit the Yellow Crane Tower with one punch and kicked the parrot island with two feet." There is a scene in front of me in which Cui Hao wrote a poem. Next to the limerick, a monk who came to play together also wrote: "With passion, there is no passion, and where there is no romance, it becomes romance." "Another monk added," Every wine meets a bosom friend, and art is good. Later generations mistakenly thought that Li Bai's "On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" was a struggle against Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", leaving this interesting limerick. In fact, it was all done by later generations.
Du fu's book fragrance
Appreciation of Du Fu's Poem Shu Xiang
In the second year of Tang Suzong (AD 759), Du Fu, a poet who had been wandering since the Anshi Rebellion, came to Chengdu. The following spring, with reverence for Zhuge Wuhou in the Three Kingdoms period, he came to the northwest suburb of Chengdu and visited the Wuhou Temple built in the Jin Dynasty. The giant cypress in front of the temple is said to be "planted by Kong Ming", which has experienced vicissitudes and is vigorous and tall; The oriole among the green trees is complacent. In the face of the dilapidated ancestral temple, the poet remembered Zhuge Liang's valuable spirit and brilliant achievements of "devoting all his efforts to death", and could not help but be moved and burst into tears, so he wrote such a seven-law book that has been passed down through the ages:
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?
The green grass in spring dyed the steps red, and every leaf in Huang Peng made a wonderful sound.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Rhyme consists of qi, chin, neck and knot. The question and answer of "couplets" in poetry seems ordinary, but it is not. Here, the poet pointed out the geographical location of Wuhou Temple and the natural environment of Gubaisen with almost colloquial poems. In the meantime, the word "Qiu" is natural, connecting questions and answers, and appropriately expressing the poet's unbearable mood of longing to visit Wuhou Temple. On the one hand, it implies that Du Fu and Zhuge Liang are different in the world, but they have the same thoughts. On the other hand, it also lays the groundwork for the later words of praise and regret, making the whole story complete. Li Zhonghua's "Yi Zhen Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Du Lao is the only one who makes good use of Fu pen to write poems. In the meantime, I am slightly frustrated and always not straight. " The beginning of Du Fu's Shu Xiang can be said to be a typical embodiment of the poet's good use of fu pen but not straight.
If these two sentences are summarized from the general manager's point of view, then these two sentences turn the "lens" to the details of the scenery around Wuhou Temple. "Ying Ji Bicao" and "Huang Peng every other leaf" seem to be two close-ups, one is to highlight the beauty of "spring scenery" and the other is to emphasize the sweetness of "good voice". However, the poet used a word "zi" and an word "empty" to implicitly express his unique and special feelings about these scenery-the spring is beautiful and attractive, but the Prime Minister Temple is so lonely and deserted, and there is no one there. Only the poet came alone and returned lonely and sad. Maybe, Wuhou has been forgotten by the world? It is not difficult to see that in the two sentences of "couplets", the poet writes about scenery every sentence, but every word is full of emotion. In his poems, he expressed his feelings for the scenery and euphemistically expressed his sadness and longing for an early reunification caused by the division of the country. It can be said that "the inside story is deep and the location is far-reaching" (Xie Zhen's Four Poems).
In the sentence of "Neck-tie", the poet's style changed and his chest was straight. He summed up Zhuge Liang's life experience, political ideal and contribution to the country in highly concise and warning language. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong (now the west of Xiangfan, Hubei Province), Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage to discuss with him the world plan in 207 AD. After coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang first assisted Liu Bei to start a foundation; After Liu Bei died, he helped Liu Chan. This is the so-called "two-dynasty open economy". Zhuge Liang can be said to have done his best to be an "old minister" after his death. Of course, the generalization of art cannot be compared with scientific and historical evaluation. But through the poet's affectionate poems, we can not only understand Zhuge Liang's lifelong career and his appeal to future generations, but also feel the poet's admiration and admiration for him. This couplet, like the last one, is work-oriented, depressed and frustrated. Although it is not gorgeous, it is magnificent and elegant, which can be combined with another poem by Zhuge Liang, "The Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by its greatness, and the Eight Pavilions stand in its name."
If poetry is just like this, it may be difficult to receive exciting artistic effects and achieve enduring artistic charm. The predecessors said, "Poetry has eyes". The sentence "knot lotus" is the crowning touch of the whole poem, which can be described as the "poetic eye" of the book. "But before he conquered, he was already dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", which is not just a general condolence and tribute! According to the biography of Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei in the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234). Wuzhangyuan, south of Weishui (now southwest of Shanxian County, Shaanxi Province), was deadlocked with Wei Jun for more than 100 days and died in August of that year. The marquis of Wu died of unfulfilled ambition, and the poets suffered from chaos and repeated setbacks. Although their experiences are different, their personal fates are very similar in failing to realize their ambitions. That's why. The poet put pen to paper and penetrated the back of the paper, writing desolate and tragic, which made people cry. It can be seen that for thousands of years, people have used this epigram-like poem to express their regret and sympathy for the lost people with lofty ideals, which is not unreasonable.
Shuxiang is one of Du Fu's famous works. It is not only a eulogy, but also an elegy for those who have no ambition. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "A word can understand everything. A poet can serve Wan Li." The poem "Shuxiang" covers history, integrates ancient and modern times, and has concise language and rich connotation. If Liu Yuxi's words are used to evaluate the book, Du Fu deserves it.
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