The rhythm of couplets, referred to as couplets or couplets for short, refers to the rhythm that the predecessors have continuously summarized and reflected on in the practice of couplet creation, so that later scholars can follow it and avoid detours.
The rhythm of couplets can be discussed in three aspects. The first is the couplet pattern originally labeled "poetry pattern", which has fundamental requirements for the antithesis and format of the couplets, but has never been named as a couplet pattern. The second aspect has also been used as a couplet. There are also various antithetical requirements in the name of the couplet, which are usually called "antithesis"; it also plays a fundamental role in the antithesis format of the couplet. The third aspect is some formats with the name of couplets, but they are only a part of the couplets, such as "embedded word grid" and so on. Based on these three aspects, the couplet meter will be introduced separately in three aspects: early meter, later couplet meter, and mosaic meter.
1. Early Rhythm
The one who made a more comprehensive arrangement of my country's early poetry rhythms should be the Japanese monk Kukai's "Bunjing (绻ibi) Fu Lun". He summarized This book was compiled from my country's early poetic theory. Twenty-nine pairs were later used in couplet creation and became the earliest couplets. It is excerpted as follows:
(—) Twenty-nine kinds of pairs (excerpted, some have been omitted)
1. Name pairs (also known as positive pairs and cut pairs) )
The right name is correct. Whenever articles are used, they are exactly opposite. The upper sentence is Antian, the next sentence is Andi; the upper sentence Anshan, the lower sentence Angu; the upper sentence An Dong, the next sentence Anxi; the upper sentence Annan, the next sentence Anbei; the upper sentence Anzheng, the next sentence Anxian; the upper sentence Anxi Far, the next sentence is safe and close; the upper sentence is safe and leaning, the next sentence is right. And so on, the name pairs. When you first learn to write an essay, you must make this pair, and then learn the rest.
Example: The green plum blossoms bloom in the east garden, and the green grass blooms in the west garden; the flowers slowly fade under the brickwork, and the catkins slowly come in front of the steps.
Yuan Jing said: The opposite is in the year of Yao and the day of Shun: Yao and Shun were both ancient sage kings, and their names were rivals. This is the opposite; use pine osmanthus on the top and basil on the bottom. Pine osmanthus is the best. Wood and basil are evil weeds, so this is not right.
2. Pairs of alternate sentences (later people call them fan-grid pairs)
For pairs of alternate sentences, the first sentence is paired with the third sentence, the second sentence is paired with the fourth sentence, and so on, the names are separated. Sentence pairs.
The poem says: It was difficult to cross the stream last night, so I went to Shanglan with sadness; now it is easy to cross the mountain, and I entered Chang'an with a smile.
Explanation: The first sentence last night is opposite to the third sentence Today, Yuexi is opposite to Yuoling; the second sentence contains sadness and the fourth sentence is smiling, Shanglan is opposite to Chang'an, and the second sentence is a separate sentence. right.
3. Double quasi-pair.
The double analogy is discussed in one sentence. The first character of Jialing is Qiu, the third character is also Qiu, and the second character is Qiu, and the same is true for the next sentence. Such pairs of names are perfectly matched.
The poem says: The heat of summer never fades, the shadow of autumn comes and returns; the heat is so intense that it is hard to get rid of it, and the coolness is also pursued.
Note: "similarity" means similarity, comparison. It means that the first and third words appear repeatedly. The meanings of the words are basically the same, so two words with the same meaning are also used to pair them, so it is called "quasi-quasi-pairing". This figure is equivalent to the "spaced repetition figure" in rhetoric.
4. Lian Mian Dui
Lian Mian Dui is not mutually exclusive. In one sentence, the second and third characters are heavy characters, which is called Lian Mian Dui. This is true in the previous sentence, and so is the following sentence.
The poem says: Looking at the mountains that have become steeper, looking at the water that is still clear; listening to the urgent sound of cicadas, I miss my hometown.
Or: Chaochao, Yeye, Zhuozhuo, Jingjing, Hehe, Huihui, Wangwang, Luoluo, Suosuo, Xiaoxiao, Mumu, Tangtang, Weiwei, Hehe, and so on.
Press: Lian Mian and Lian Mian. What is continuity? The original meaning is that two syllables are concatenated into a word whose meaning cannot be separated - that is, a simple word - such as: Taotie, hesitation, as if, and hesitation are all simple words composed of two syllables that cannot be interpreted separately. . The word "lianmian" is used in this pattern, which obviously has nothing to do with the meaning of "continuous words". This figure is a continuous repeated figure in figures of speech, that is, single tones that can be used independently and interpreted, and have the same meaning, are used continuously, which belongs to this figure. Someone once called this pattern "Qiao Bian Dui", but judging from the poem examples cited, "Qiao Bian Dui" is not this pattern, but should be the pattern "Double Imitation Pair". Examples of poems: "When birds go and birds come, the mountains are surrounded by people singing and laughing." "Sometimes it rains at three or two o'clock, and there are ten or five flowers everywhere."
5. Pairing each other
Pairing each other is as follows: heaven and earth, sun and moon, lin and phoenix, gold and silver, terrace and hall, tower and pavilion. If the upper and lower sentences of the two sentences are in harmony, the name is a pair; if the two characters are used in the same place, the names are a pair and the words are relative to each other.
The poem says: "Heaven and earth are quiet in the heart, and the sun and moon are bright in the eyes; lins and phoenixes are precious for thousands of years, and gold and silver are glorious for one generation."
Explanation: In the first sentence, heaven and earth are in one place; In the second sentence, the sun and the moon are in one place; in the third sentence, the linfeng is in the same place; in the fourth sentence, the gold and silver are in the same place. Don't use them in two places, the names should be paired with each other.
Note: This example is not clear. After careful consideration, the meaning of this pattern is that the two characters that could have been a pair of names have been connected together in the same sentence; the two characters that appear in the same position in the second sentence could also have been a pair of names, but they are not related to The two characters in the first sentence could have formed a famous pair, but they did not form a famous pair with the two characters in the first sentence, so they are called mutual pairs. But the words "Heaven and Earth" and "Sun and Moon" in the first and second sentences of the example sentences should be the right names, because heaven and earth and sun and moon both belong to the astronomical sect, and the earth belongs to the geographical sect. It is habitually opposite to the sky, so it is called "Heaven and Earth". Yes, it can be seen that it has become a conventional attribute.
The astronomy gate should be a pair of astronomy gates, not a pair of each other. The lin and phoenix in the three and four sentences are both auspicious beasts and birds. Although they belong to two different schools, from the auspicious point of view, they are a perfect pair, so they are paired with each other. This pattern can be classified as "a pair of sentences", and later generations will no longer use the name "pair of each other".
6. Heterogeneous pairs
For heterogeneous pairs, the first sentence is An Tian, ??the second sentence An Shan; the upper sentence An Yun, the second sentence An Wei; the upper sentence An Niao, the next sentence An Wei; the upper sentence An An, the next sentence An Wei; Anshu. Such things are called heterogeneous pairs, not right-name pairs. Similarities and differences are like this, so it is said that different things are right.
The poem says: "The sky is clear outside the white clouds, and the mountains are steep among the crape myrtle; birds fly and disappear, and flowers fall and shake in the wind."
Note: Words that do not belong to the same family are formed. Yes, they are a heterogeneous pair. Because the sky is the gate of astronomy, the mountain is the gate of geography, the sky is the gate of vegetation, and the wind is the gate of astronomy. Trees are plants and trees, and they are not in pairs. That's why it's called "heterogeneous pair". Heaven and earth are a heterogeneous pair. Starting from Cao Pi, they became an exception. His "Poetry" contains "one sentence: heaven, earth, river, river, sun, moon". It can be seen that the pairing of heaven and earth has long been considered to be the right name, and later generations have never regarded the pairing of heaven and earth as the right name. The ground is regarded as a heterogeneous pair. This is a special exception.
7. Pair of Fu and Style
If the style of Fu is right, the word may be emphasized at the beginning of the sentence, or the word may be emphasized in the belly of the sentence; the rhyme may be repeated at the beginning of the sentence, or the rhyme may be overlapped at the belly of the sentence; or there may be double tones at the beginning of the sentence, or double tones at the beginning of the sentence. Such things are called Futi pairs. It resembles the shape of Fu, hence the name Fu Ti Pair.
The heavy word at the beginning of the sentence: The curling trees are frightened by the wind, and the sun is shining and the clouds cover the moon.
The heavy word in the sentence: The moon of Han Dynasty is dark, and the wind of Hu is cold every night.
The emphasis is on the word at the end of the sentence: The moon covers the clouds and the sun shines, and the wind shakes the trees. (This example is obviously not a ready-made poem from the ancients. It is made by placing emphasis on the word pattern at the beginning of the sentence and changing the word order. There are such ready-made sentences. For example, in Cao Pi's "Diaogan" there is "The fishing rod is Shanshan, and the bird's tail is there (bamboo migration)" (Bamboo Migration)" sentence)
The rhyme at the beginning of the sentence is: Wandering and looking around, feeling sad and frightened.
The sentence has overlapping rhyme: You went to Yanran to garrison, and I sat in Xiaoyao Tower.
The rhyme at the end of the sentence is: sparse clouds and raindrops, and the trees are hazy in the mist.
There are two voices at the beginning of the sentence: A visitor who lingers thousands of miles away waits for one spring alone.
The sentence has two voices: The horse loves you and the horse is strong, and the concubine is loved by others.
Double tone at the end of the sentence: Concubine's intention is in the clouds, and the king enters the dusk gate.
Explanation: If the previous sentence has heavy words, double tones, or overlapping rhymes, the same applies to the next sentence. The first sentence is peaceful and the second sentence is uneasy, which is a sign of illness. But according to this pair, it is called Futi pair.
Note: There is not much difference between the heavy character and the fourth type of connected pair. It does not lie in the position of the character. For example, the second and third characters are Lian-Mian pairs, and the first, second, and third-fourth characters are not Lian-Mian pairs, but Fu-ti pairs. The reason is not sufficient, so it is not appropriate to divide them like this. Any word that emphasizes the word can be classified into the rhetorical figure of continuous repetition.
Duplicate rhyme: refers to words with two syllables that rhyme together, which is called duplication rhyme. Such as wandering: pai huai. 悢悢chang liang, yanran yan ran, xiaoyao yao, drip di li, hazy meng long, the current pronunciation does not have overlapping rhyme, while in the old days, mong long, which both belonged to the Eastern rhyme, belonged to the overlapping rhyme.
Double tone: refers to a two-syllable word with the same initial consonant, which is called double tone. For example, Liulian liu lian, Dudai alone, Qi qu, Mu meng all have the same initial consonant and are double tones. Other ancient and modern sounds do not seem to have the same initial consonant and should not be double-voiced. Neither Dudai nor Mumen are fixed double-voiced words, so they should not be taken as an example.
8. Double tone pair
The poem says: Autumn dew fragrants beautiful chrysanthemums, spring breeze brings beautiful orchids.
Explanation: The double tone of Jiaju is at the end of the previous sentence; the overlapping rhyme of Lilan is at the end of the next sentence of Chen Zhu.
Or: Qiqin, fine wine, beautiful moon, good flowers, plain snow, memory, mind, ... and so on, which are called double sounds.
Note: Lilan lilan is not a double rhyme but a double rhyme. The original text Lilan’s double rhyme is obviously wrong.
Judging from the example of or, it should be double tones to double tones, so it can be called a double tones pair. But the modern sound of "mind" in it is not double-voiced, nor is the ancient sound double-voiced. The modern sounds belong to the X and S groups, and the ancient sounds belong to the invasion and branch groups.
9. Overlapping rhyme pairs
The poem says: "Relax a thousand thoughts, and have a carefree mind; rinse the water and return it to the pillow stone, and play the piano again every step of the way."
The explanation is: "Fang Chang", with double tones, at the beginning of the previous sentence; Xiaoyao repeated rhyme, at the beginning of the next sentence. The examples of "hopefulness, wandering, preparation, and nostalgia" are the same as this, so why bother to discuss them.
Note: Fangchang fangchang is a double rhyme, not a double tone. From the attached example words, it is obvious that the overlapping rhymes and the overlapping rhyme pairs are the overlapping rhyme pairs. It is definitely not a double-tone pair with overlapping rhymes, but a double-tone pair with overlapping rhymes is called a double-tone pair. It is certain that "Relax, double voice" is wrong.
10. Palindrome pair
The poem says: "Love comes from pride, and pride leads to love; new love will eventually become old, and old love will become new again."
This pattern has now been greatly developed and will not be described in detail.
11. Idiom
The poem says: At the end of the year, when I approach an empty room, the cool breeze rises and I sit in the corner; when I go to bed, it is already cold, and white dew grows on the courtyard.
Also said: When I went to the hall to pay my respects to Jiaqing, I entered the room and asked where I was;
Explanation: At the end of the year, the cool breeze does not belong to the right. It is good to sleep and white dew, and it is rare to get mutual rewards. Things and intentions are related to each other, and literature and science are not refreshing, so it is said that the meaning is right.
Note: Words that cannot be paired originally are called "meaning pairs" because "things and meanings are related to each other" and the words and principles are in line with the actual situation. Therefore, they can be pairs. In fact, this is not right, and of course it cannot be a "qualification". None of the metrical poetry authors and co-writers in the Tang Dynasty and after the Tang Dynasty wrote according to their meaning. Beginners should not take this as a basis.
12. Ping Dui
Ping Dui is like green mountains and green water. This is an ordinary pair, so it is called Ping Dui. This is the case for everything else.
13. Strange pairing (ruthless pairing)
The strange pairing is Majia River facing Xiong'er Mountain. This horse and bear are the names of the animals, and cheek and ear are the shape names. They are not ordinary pairs, so they are called strange pairs. He does this.
Another example: Qiju versus Sisai. "Qi" (homophonic for seven) and "四" are numbers (Ju and Sai are geographical gates), and the two characters each have a double tone. Another example is the ancient names, "Zeng Shen" is used in the first sentence, and "Chen Zhen" is used in the second sentence. "Shen" and "Zhen" are both names of the twenty-eight stars (Zeng and Chen have the same surname). If this is the case, it is right out of the strangeness, so it is called a strange pair.
Note: This pattern is often used in couplets. It is surprising and unexpected. It is unexpected. It is strange and clever. This is the biggest feature of this pattern. For example: three-star brandy, five-star brandy The moon is yellow and the plum blossom is in the sky.
14. The same pair (similar pair)
The same pair is like a large valley, Guangling, thin clouds, and light mist. Big and broad, thin and light are of the same kind, and Hu calls them the same pair. Similar pairs are: clouds, fog, stars, moon, wind, smoke, frost, snow, wine, wine, east, west, south, north, green, yellow, red, white, red, plain, vermilion, purple, night, Night, morning and evening, mountains, mountains, rivers, platforms, halls, palaces, halls, carriages, horses, roads, roads.
Note: This sentence is rather vague. It means the same pairs. Judging from the examples that can be matched, there are two small categories in each major category of pairs. That is to say, among the words of the same family, there is a small group that are completely synonymous, and there is a small group that are not synonymous. If they have different synonyms, they can be matched without violating the taboo; if they have synonymous words, they will violate the taboo of joining hands together. Examples of this category include: wine glasses, late-night snacks, Chao Dan, mountains, rivers, roads, etc. If it simply refers to the relative relationship between words of the same family but different synonyms, then there is no difference between the name pair of and and can be completely included in the name pair of. There is no need to set up this frame. From this, we can see that the monk Kukai learned a lot but did not comb it carefully.
15. The word pair
Or: The word pair is like Gui Ji and He Ge. "He" means "negative", so it is named after the word grass, so it is the same as "He". "Gui" is opposite. It is not necessary to use the right meaning, but to use the correct word.
Or it can be said: The word is right, which means that the meaning is different and the word is right. The poem says: The mountain pepper frame is covered with cold fog, and the pond Xiao rhymes with a cool breeze (xiao is a strip in Chinese). Sanjiao means the top of the mountain, Chixiao, and the bamboo beside the pond (from the literal meaning, the two cannot be opposite). This meaning is different from the word pair (because literally, Jiao and Xiao belong to the same family of grass and trees).
16. The sound is right
The person who has the right sound is like Xiaolu (pairing) Qiu Shuang, "Lu" is the road, which can be opposite to "Shuang", because it sounds the same as "Lu".
It may be said: the sound is correct, the word and meaning are different, and the sound is correct.
The poem says: Tong Zou was startled on the road at the beginning, and the white slips were not covered with frost.
Also said: The early cicadas are high in willows, and the dense vines are hanging in deep pine trees. "茑" belongs to the grass genus and has the same sound as "bird", so it is used to refer to "cicada".
17. Side pairing (using the radicals of characters to make pairs, or called side pairs)
Yuanshi said: Side pairing is like Feng Yi (pair) dragon head. This is the word "Feng" with "horse" and "dragon" on the half side; the word "Yi" has "yu" and "shou" on the half side. This is a side view. Another example is Quanliu (duplicate) Chifeng. The word "quan" has "bai" and "red" as pairs. Any word "side" means "side". It is not necessary that both words have to be "side".
It may be said: When the characters are opposite, it means that the characters and meanings are different, but the shapes are half the same.
The poem says: I forget to pick up Yingyan and urge him to drink cinnamon wine. The meanings of Yingyan and Guijiu are different, but their shapes are almost the same.
Note: This pair has only one character that is half the same shape. The English character for grass and the Chinese character for wood are both grass trees, so they can be matched.
18. Adjacent pairs
The poem says: Life and death are suddenly different, and the meaning of joy and entertainment is different. He also said: The cold clouds are light and heavy, and the autumn water is coming and going.
The top is righteousness, the bottom is righteousness. This pair of names is also roughly similar, the first name is narrow and the adjacent one is wide.
Note: Judging from the examples given, there is no difference between this pattern and the fifth pattern. For example, "life and death" and "joy" are from the same family. They are already in the same sentence and then become a pair. The meaning of the sentence "The top is righteousness, the bottom is rectification of names" is also difficult to understand. Kukai's style comes from "Shiyi". The examples and pairs are exactly the same. "The highest is the meaning..." The whole sentence is also copied from the original text.
19. Jiaoluo Dui (also known as "Wai Dui", because of the image of a jagged pair, also known as a jagged pair.)
The poem says: Three generations of coming and going, five hundred remaining time.
One might say: The word "yu" here belongs to "zai" and does not mean "come and go"; the ancients only used four characters with four meanings in pairs, so they used them as examples.
Note: This kind of dialogue is a remedy in order not to harm the meaning with words - not to damage the content because of the form. Therefore, it is treated as "transformation". It may be difficult to understand what the original text says, so I will add a few examples to help understand.
"The remaining leaves in spring are densely packed with few flower branches, and there are many tea cups and sparse wine cups after sleeping."
"Less" corresponds to "many", and "dense" corresponds to "sparse". Now "dense" corresponds to "many", and "less" corresponds to "sparse", so they are mixed pairs.
Another example:
The skirt drags six pictures of the Xiangjiang River water, and the bun towers over a section of clouds in Wushan.
"Six pictures" correspond to "one section", and "Xiangjiang" corresponds to "Wushan". Now they are paired in a cross-connection shape, harmonious and harmonious, and the meaning is not lost. These two examples can more clearly explain the meaning of communication pairs (consultation pairs, jagged pairs). Let’s take another example:
“舳舻 competes for profit and She, and coming and going leads to the trend.” It stands to reason that “舳舻” is against the “fashion” and “Li and She” is against “Coming.” Even and oblique are not harmonious; if they are slightly different, the oblique and oblique ones are harmonious, but the meaning is not lost. Due to general changes, this grid was added. This also shows that the ancients paid great attention to confrontation, but they must also never use words to harm their intentions. This is very worthy of attention.
20. When the sentence is right (also called self-pairing)
The poem says: The smoke stops and the embers are extinguished, the light sinks and the sound is gone.
Note: There is no explanation for this box. The words "Xun Xie" and "Ember" in the previous sentence, and the words "Guang Shen" and "Xiang Jue" in the second sentence are each paired in this sentence, and then the upper and lower sentences are paired. This is called "dangsentence pairing", also called "dangsentence pairing". "Self-right". Because "Xun" and "Jin" are of the same type, and "Guang" and "Xiang" are of the same type, the upper and lower sentences are of different types.
Another example: "The small courtyard and the corridor are silent in spring, and the bathing ducks and flying herons are leisurely in the evening." Then pair the upper and lower sentences.
Another example: the lonely clouds and lonely birds, the clear light of the river, and the autumn air of thousands of wells and mountains and seas. It's the same pairing. The principle is the same as before. This pattern has been used in conjunctions for more than a thousand years, and it is also a commonly used pattern.
21. Han Jing Dui
The poem says: Xiuyuan long cherish, lonely and silent.
Note: There is no explanation for this box. Looking at the example sentences, it means that the literal meaning is not very strict, as long as they are generally consistent. The main thing is to look at the situation and situation of the upper and lower sentences. If the emotions or circumstances are the same, and the words are generally acceptable, they are a pair of circumstances. For example, the example couplet comes from Sima Xiangru's "Shanglin Fu". The mood and situation are: I have been "missing", I miss it very far, I fall into deep thought, and the surroundings are "silent" (even if it is very lively, In "unheard and unseen", it is of course "lonely and silent". The sentiment and situation of the upper and lower sentences are the same.
The poem says: Enter the place of virtue and wisdom.
Note: There is no single word explanation for this pattern. Judging from the example sentences, the content of the following sentence is opposite to that of the following sentence, and the literal meaning is also opposite. The content and meaning of the upper and lower sentences are opposite. In pairs, this is the "opposition" in the following couplet. The ancients believed that opposition is superior, and opposition is inferior. Because when facing opposition, it is easy to violate the taboo of "joining the palms." It is difficult to expand one's ideas for the answer, and one usually follows the previous sentence, while for the objection, one must at least look in the opposite direction. It is easy for the ancients to open up one's ideas after examining many examples and combining their own experiences. The conclusion of "opposition is better than right"
23. Partial right
The poem says: Xiao Xiaoma Ming, Youyou Zhao Jing (that is, it is not extremely right).
Also said: The ancient tombs were plowed into fields, and the pines and cypresses were destroyed for fuel.
Also said: The sun and the moon are too clear, and the sun shines purple.
Also said: The leaves of the trees in Tinggao are dim. Below, the white clouds are flying at the head of the dragon.
It is full of literary talent, but it is not the author's intention to adapt! If it is not the case today, Shen Geishi's (Quan period) poems also have examples. The poem says: "Spring passes through Lingmarsh, and cloud flags emerge from Fengcheng." There are many examples of this, but the natural language is true even if it is false, just like the ancients used hibiscus to match willows, which also has a similar reputation.
< p>Press: This case does not specify the characteristics. Judging from all the sentence examples, it means that the word structures of the upper and lower sentences are different, and they are also paired; that is, from the word structure, there are pairs of sentences with different structures. . For example, "Xiao Xiao" is compatible with "Youyou", and "Ma Ming" is a subject-predicate structure, and the paired "旆旌" is a joint structure. It was originally incompatible with each other, but now it is also a pair. A biased structure, "pine and cypress" is a combined structure, the theory cannot be paired, but it is still a pair; and "plow into fields" and "destroy for wages" can be paired, one sentence is reasonable and cannot be paired, but it can be. Pairs appear in pairs, so they are called partial pairs. The ancients also divided characters into virtual characters and real characters. They required real characters to match real characters and virtual characters to virtual characters. The "Chun Yu" of the Shen (任全) period cannot be paired. It is real in the front and empty in the back, and the paired word "Cloud Flag" is both real and can no longer be paired; from a structural point of view, the former is a subject-predicate structure, and the latter is a partial structure, which is correct in the poem. Therefore, as long as natural language can be used, beginners should not use this pattern as an excuse to cover up their lack of thinking. This is usually less common in short couplets and can often be seen in long couplets. , because the language is natural, it is not a big problem.24. The pair of virtual and real.
The poem says: The old friends are scattered by clouds and rain, and the empty mountains are sparse.
This pairing. When the sentence makes sense, the differences complement each other.
Note: In this example sentence, "old friend" and "empty mountain" are real and real, because the central words "人" and "山" are both real words. . "Yun Yu San" means there is virtuality in the reality, and "wenshushu" is both virtual (formerly a virtual character), so it is called a pair of double virtuality and realness.
25. False pair
The poem says: If you don’t give your best advice, you will return to the sea and mountains empty
Some people may use "recommendation" or "brush clothes" or the like It is also.
Note: This grid, the fifteenth word pair, and the sixteenth sound pair can be combined into one grid. "Ce" cannot be paired with "山", but because the sound of "Ce" is close to the sound of "ze", it can be paired with "山".
"Recommended" cannot be paired with "钧衣", but "recommended" can be used as the "recommended" of the nouns "pine mugwort" and "grass recommended", so it can be paired with "clothes".
Mr. Wang Liqi’s annotation quoted some examples, which can be transferred here for readers to further understand. For example:
"The cook prepares chicken and millet, and the child picks bayberry." Since the word "Yang" has the same sound as "sheep", it can be used to describe the word "chicken".
"Because I have wolfberry, how can a chicken live in it?" The sound of "wolfberry" is the same as that of "dog", so it can be borrowed to pair with "chicken".
"Five peaks remain high, and thousands of trees have experienced autumn several times." "Xia" has the same sound as "Xia", so it can be borrowed to correspond with "Autumn".
"Listen to the rain all night, and talk to the monk Baiyan." Because "cypress" and "hundred" have the same pronunciation, they can be paired with "one".
"At that time, Zhu Yun was considered young, but his reputation will be high in the future." Zhu Yun is a personal name, and "Zhu" means red, which is opposite to "white".
Based on the analysis of the above supplementary examples, it is said that in this pattern, those who borrow sounds can be merged into sound pairs, and those who borrow meaning can be merged into word pairs. There is no need to set up false pairs at all.
26. Cut side to side.
If you cut it from side to side, the essence and roughness are the same.
The poem says: "The floating bell rings at night, and the flying mirror slants the dawn light." "Floating bell" is the clock, and "flying mirror" is the moon. The same is true for the other words.
Note: In this pattern, the subjects of the couplet are not of the same type. The bell belongs to the utensil gate, and its sound is an imaginary character. The "flying mirror" is a metaphor for the moon. The moon belongs to the astronomical gate. The moon is real and cannot be paired with the imaginary bell. This is called "excellent difference". If you don't analyze it carefully, "floating" versus "flying" is a verb versus a verb, and "clock" versus "mirror" is a noun versus a noun. From the virtual and actual point of view, the two are equivalent, so they can be paired. It's called "Crude Tong", also called "Libie Wen Tong".
27. Double-tone side-to-side contrast
Double-tone side-to-side opposition means that the meaning of the word is different, and the double-tone tone is correct.
The poem says: The flowers are bright, the golden valley trees are bright, and the leaves reflect the mountainweed. The words "Jingu" and "Shoushan" have different meanings and have the same double sounds.
Also said: The green is slightly separated from the battlements, and the red energy reflects the eaves and couplets. "Pheasant battlements" and "eaves couplets" also have double voices facing each other.
Press: Therefore, a side character is added in front of the double tone to indicate that there is a certain difference from the double tone. Double-tone pairs can be opposite according to the literal meaning, and all double-tone words that are in pairs are double-voice words. Although the paired words in this pattern are called double tones, they are not all double tones, such as: Jin, invading rhyme jin, valley, house rhyme gu (four tones); first, rhyme shou (three tones), mountain, mountain rhyme shan . Jingu is not a double voice, Shoushan is a double voice. The battlements are not double-voiced, but the eaves and couplets are double-voiced. To put it more clearly, among the relative subjects, the non-double tone is opposite to the double tone, so it is called side-to-side pairing. It is different from the two-tone pair.
28. Overlapping rhymes and side pairs
Those who have overlapping rhymes and side pairs mean that the meanings of the words are different, and the overlapping rhymes are correct. The poem says: All my life I wear a veil and walk gracefully in the flower garden. "Life" and "Yaoyou" are.
The poem says: It is better to know that the holy government is prosperous than to enjoy the pleasure of travel. "Youyou" and "Shengzheng" have different meanings, and the words have overlapping rhymes.
Note: The difference between this pattern and overlapping rhyme is that the paired words are not in direct pairs, but they are all overlapping rhymes, so they can be paired, so a side character is added.
29. It is always wrong to be right.
For example: "When we are young, it is easy to break up in the early stage; when we are declining together, it is not the time to separate again. Don't say that a bottle of wine will make it difficult to ** tomorrow." *Persistence; if you don’t know the way in a dream, how can you comfort your lovesickness?”
This is (all) wrong poem. Such an author is the best. Husband belongs to the antithesis method, which is not the use of Zhenfenghuazhumu; if the double tone is a double tone pair, the overlapping rhyme is the overlapping rhyme pair.
Note: This is always wrong. It is not an antithesis and cannot be used as a conjunction. It is customary not to separate it from the first twenty-eight types, so it is also recorded.
The above introduces twenty-nine kinds of pairs from "Wen Jing Yu Bi Fu Lun". Except for some of the patterns, which can be merged (see the notes after each pattern), as well as the ambiguous pairs and the total incorrect pairs, most of them have been absorbed and adopted by the couplets. Invisibly, the "United Patterns" of the Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties have already been formed from the "Poems" and "Du Ge". Although no one explicitly stipulates that these "United Patterns" must be observed, in fact, due to the relationship between teachers and teachers, regardless of the authorship of the past dynasties, Whether the couplets regard it as a couplet, as long as they have learned pairs since childhood and received training in rhythm, they will naturally use these patterns when composing couplets.