1. Related to historical literati. Who are there people in history who were as talented as Liu Yuxi, the author of "The Inscription on the Humble Room"?
●Meeting and not meeting. Meeting is what the ancients called success in officialdom.
On the contrary, failure to meet means failure to succeed. For modern people, being able to get what they want is to achieve "ambition". How to achieve ambition depends on personal choice.
Some people say: "The heart changes with the situation." This is a sensory disorder. People can easily feel happy when they see the beautiful scenery on a good day, but there are also people who feel depressed because they are fettered by mundane things. , even if you see the beautiful scenery, you will sigh. It can be seen that changes in mood will affect a person's thoughts about the scenery. The relationship between heart and state is very close.
Meeting does not only refer to success in career. Some people meet love, such as Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei; some people meet family, such as Shen Fu and Yun Niang; some people meet nature, such as the poet Tao Yuanming. He does not admire With honor and profit, they enjoy themselves in the countryside and live leisurely; some people meet the fate of the future, such as the painter Van Gogh, who was in poverty during his lifetime, but gained appreciation from the world after his death. Sima Qian, the famous historical writer, was once decadent and depressed after being castrated. He complained all day about how his fate could be like this. But he thought that in the journey of human life, he would inevitably encounter setbacks, so he changed his mind. He opened his mind, expressed his grief and indignation in pen and ink, and wrote the masterpiece of Chinese literature and history, "Historical Records". This is to sublimate the mind to change the situation.
Some people play the role of successful people on the official stage; while some people always play the role of unsuccessful people. Sometimes I think about it, is it the "director" who is unfair or the unsuccessful actor? In the history of getting good scripts, some people with unappreciated talents would write articles to comfort each other, such as Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower and Su Che's Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion. Some people also write articles to comfort themselves, such as Han Yu's crocodile sacrifice when he was demoted to Chaozhou, Liu Zongyuan's Eight Notes of Yongzhou when he was demoted to Yongzhou, and Bai Juyi's Pipa Performance when he was demoted to Jiangzhou.
They have talents, but they are not used by the world. In the political arena, they are rare. Perhaps as Li Bai said: "Since ancient times, all sages have been lonely, and I am born to be useful." In the cold and lonely environment, they resolved their frustrations in the officialdom and turned their passion into excellent works. , let life shine in literary works, thus gaining eternal praise.
How many people can open up their minds and write such wonderful words when the situation is not going well? On the other hand, there are many people who die because they are in adversity and cannot change their mood. , such as Deng Bi, lamented that his talents were not reused, so he became a Taoist priest! Think about it, Confucius traveled around the world and could not be used by the world, but he still used his knowledge to engage in education. Deng Bi was full of knowledge and it was not bad to be a teacher, which could at least benefit the people, but he chose a tragic ending. The encounter affects the state of mind. Not all gentlemen and sages in ancient times were successful. When faced with failure, some people still remained pure and pure. There are too many so-called sages who have never left the mountain. They know how to cultivate the Tao and keep themselves. They also know how to "people have their needs." "Everything will be ruined by seeking perfection, and a tree will be ruined by seeking talent." So they followed the way of heaven, just like Zhang Jiuling said: "The grass and trees have their original intention, so why seek beauty?" If you meet them or not, why bother? It’s in someone else’s hands
Reference material: ?ゅ匡.
doc. 2. Classic examples of ancient literati
Su Qin
Su Qin’s family was poor since he was a child, and it was difficult to feed and clothe himself. Reading was naturally a luxury. In order to make a living and study, he often had to sell his hair and do part-time work for others. Later, he left his hometown and went to Qi State to study as a teacher and learned the art of vertical and horizontal from Gui Guzi.
Su Qin believed that he was successful in his studies, so he could not wait to say goodbye to his teachers and friends, and traveled around the world in order to seek fame and fortune. A year later, not only did he get nothing, but his money was also used up. Unable to hold on any longer, he set out on his way home wearing tattered clothes and straw sandals.
When he got home, Su Qin was as skinny as firewood, his whole body was tattered and dirty, his face was covered with dust, and he was no different from a beggar. The desolate scene is beyond words and makes people sympathize.
When his wife saw him like this, she shook her head and sighed, and continued to weave; when her sister-in-law saw him like this, she turned around and left, unwilling to cook; his parents, brothers, and sister not only ignored him, but also laughed at him secretly: :
"According to the tradition of our Zhou people, we should be content with our own industry and work hard in industry and commerce to earn two-tenths of the profit; but now it is better to give up this most fundamental career. , I deserved to show off my words and end up like this!"
This situation made Su Qin feel ashamed, ashamed and sad.
He closed the door and did not want to see anyone, and made a deep self-reflection on himself:
"The wife ignores her husband, the sister-in-law does not recognize her brother-in-law, and the parents do not recognize their son. It is all because I have failed to live up to my academic performance. He is eager to achieve before he has achieved it."
He realized his shortcomings, regained his energy, moved out all the books, and started reading again. He thought:
"A scholar , Since he has decided to immerse himself in reading, but cannot obtain a distinguished status with these knowledge, then, no matter how many books he reads, what is the use? "
So, he picked up these books! Publish a copy of "Yin Fu Jing" and study it carefully.
He studied until late at night every day, and sometimes fell asleep while lying on his desk without realizing it. The first time I woke up, I felt regretful and scolded myself for being useless, but there was nothing I could do to prevent myself from falling asleep. One day, he was so tired from reading that he fell on the desk involuntarily, but he suddenly woke up - his arm was stabbed by something. When he saw an awl lying on the desk, he immediately came up with a way to stop dozing off: prick the awl on his thigh (thigh). In the future, whenever he was about to doze off, he would use the awl to prick his own thigh to wake him up suddenly. ”, keep studying hard. As a result, his thighs were often bloody and he couldn't bear to see them.
When his family saw this, they couldn't bear it and advised him:
"Your determination and mood to succeed are understandable, but it doesn't have to be such self-abuse!"
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Su Qin replied:
"If you don't do this, you will forget the shame of the past; only in this way can you urge me to study hard!"
After a "bloody" day I had a lot of experience reading Su Qin in "Pain" in 1999, and wrote two articles "Gui" and "Mo". At this time, he said confidently:
"With this set of physics and chemistry, we can convince many monarchs!"
So Su Qin began to use his acquired knowledge and "cone-thorn butt" to "With his spiritual will, he lobbied the six countries, and finally gained great respect. He became famous through the seal of the six countries, and started his own brilliant political career.
Sima Qian was convicted and imprisoned for defending Li Ling who surrendered to the Huns. After he was released from prison, he was appointed Zhongshu Ling, and continued to write books vigorously, and finally completed the "Historical Records". 3. Which historical literati are collectively called?
The literati of the past dynasties are collectively called 1. Qu Song - Warring States poets Qu Yuan and Song Yu 2. Ban Ma - Western Han historian and writer Sima Qian and Eastern Han Dynasty historian and writer Ban Gu 3, Cui Du - Cui Yuan, a calligrapher of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Cao 4, King Zhong - Zhong Yao, a calligrapher of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 5, Yang Ma - Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru, a calligrapher of the Han Dynasty 6, Pan Lu ——Eastern Jin Dynasty Taikang style writers Pan Yue, Lu Ji7, Yan Xie——Southern Song Dynasty poets Yan Yanzhi, Xie Lingyun8, Xiu Bao——Southern Dynasty Song poet Tang Huixiu, litterateur Bao Zhao9, Xu Geng——Southern Dynasty Chen litterateur Xu Ling , Northern Zhou writer Geng Xin 10, Yin He - Southern Dynasty writers Yin Keng, He Xun 11, Yang Bo - Southern Dynasty calligraphers Yang Xin and Bo Shaozhi 12, Gu Lu - Eastern Jin painter Gu Kaizhi, Southern Song painter Lu Tanwei 13 , Wen Xing - Northern Dynasty Wei writer Wen Zisheng, Northern Dynasty Qi writer Xing Shao 14, Xing Wei - Northern Dynasty Qi writer Xing Shao, Wei Xiu 15, Wang Meng - Tang poet and painter Wang Wei, poet Meng Haoran 16, Gao Ling - Tang poets Gao Shi, Ling Shen 17, Li Du - A. Tang poets Li Bai, Du Fu B, late Tang poets Li Shangyin, Du Mu C, famous Han Dynasty ministers Li Ying, Du Mi D, Han Dynasty famous scholar Li Gu , Du Qiao E, Hanchen Li Yun, Du Zhong F, Southern and Northern Dynasties Li Chong, Du YuG, Song Dynasty upright official Li Shao, Du Fan 18, Yan Liu - Tang calligrapher Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan 19, Zhang Wang - Tang poet Zhang Ji, Wang Jian 20, Shen Song Dynasty - Tang poet Shen Quanqi, Song Ziwen 21, Han Meng - Tang writer Han Yu, poet Meng Jiao 22, Jiaodao - Tang poet Meng Jiao, Jia Dao 23, Liu Liu - Tang poet Liu Yuxi , litterateur Liu Zongyuan 24. Liu Bai - Tang poet Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi 25. Yuan Bai - Tang poet Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi 26. Pi Lu - Tang litterateur Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng 27. Jiang Zhang - Song poet Jiang Kui, Zhang Yan 28, Huang Xu - Huang Quan, a painter of the Five Dynasties of Shu, Xu Xi, a painter of the Five Dynasties of the Southern Tang Dynasty 29, Dong Ju - Dong Yuan, a painter of the Five Dynasties of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Ju Ran, a painter of the Five Dynasties of Song Dynasty 30, Tao Xie - a poet of the late Jin and early Song Dynasty Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun 31, Yang Liu - Northern Song Dynasty writer Yang Yi, poet Liu Jun 32, Su Huang - Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi, poet Huang Tingjian 33, Li Guo - Northern Song painters Li Dai, Guo Xi 34, Mi Xue - Northern Song calligraphers Mi Fu, Xue Shaopeng35, Su Xin - Song poets Su Shi, Xin Qiji36, Zhou Liu - Southern Song poets Zhou Bangyan, Liu Yong37, Liu Lu - Yuan Dynasty writers Liu Yin, Lu Zhi38, Yao Lu - Yuan Dynasty writers Yao Sui and Lu Zhi39, Gao Gu - Ming Donglin Party leaders Gao Panlong and Gu Xiancheng40, Kang Liang - late Qing Dynasty writers Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao41, Tang Dai - Qing painters Tang Zhaofen and Dai Xi42 , Er Cheng - brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, philosophers of the Northern Song Dynasty 43, Er Lu - brothers Lu Ji and Lu Yun, writers of the Western Jin Dynasty 44, two kings - father and son of the calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty 45, Er Pan - literature of the Western Jin Dynasty Family Pan Yue, nephew Pan Ni 46, and two wonderful calligraphers Wei Gan and Suo Jing of the Western Jin Dynasty.
One theory is that they are brothers Duan Keji and Duan Chengji, the Jin writers. It is named after "Er Miao Ji".
47. Two Stones - Qing painters Shi Yu and Shi Tao 48. Two Sima - Han historian Sima Qian and poet Sima Xiangru 49. Big and Small Xie - Southern Song poet Xie Lingyun and Cui's younger brother Xie Huilian 50 , Loudong two Zhang - Ming writers Zhang Pu and Zhang Bing 51, two Southern Tang masters - Li Jing, the middle master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, the later master 52, Lu Qi and Ma Wei - Tang poets Lu Tong and Ma Yi 53, Jiaohan Daoshou - Tang poets Meng Jiao and Jia Dao 54. Han Ma Dai Niu - Tang painters Han Huang (good at painting horses) and Dai Song (good at painting cattle) 55. Nanhong Jingkong - Qing opera writer Hong Sheng, Playwright Kong Shangren 56, Southern Shi and Northern Song Dynasty - poet Shi Runzhang and poet Song Wan in the early Qing Dynasty 57, Southern Chen and Northern Cui - painters Chen Hongxu and Cui Zizhong in the late Ming Dynasty 58, Southern Europe and Northern Mei - Modern Records of Peking Opera performer Ouyang Yuqian, Mei Lanfang 59, Yan Xu's generous works - Zhang Shuo, Duke of Yan in the Tang Dynasty, Su Ti, Xu Guogong 60, Three Cao - Cao Cao, a politician, strategist, and writer of Han and Wei dynasties, and his sons Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 61, San Su - a writer of Song Dynasty Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Che 62. Three Yuans - the three brothers Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao, and Yuan Zongdao, writers of the Ming Dynasty 63. Three Yangs - Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, and Yang Pu, the great scholars of the Ming Dynasty 64. Three Zhangs - the poet Zhang of the Western Jin Dynasty Brothers Zai, Zhang Xie, and Zhang Kang 65. Three Xies—Southern Song poets Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian, Qi poet Xie Tiao 66. Three Bos—Northern Song Dynasty literary circles Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, and Su Shi 67. Three Wei Dynasties—Qing prose writer Wei Xiang, Brothers Wei Xi and Wei Li68, Sanyin - Eastern Jin Dynasty poets Tao Yuanming, Zhou Xuzhi, Liu Yimin69, Three painters in the Six Dynasties painting circles - Gu Kaizhi, Lu Tanwei, Zhang Sengyao70, Sanluo - Tang Dynasty poets Luo Yin and Luo Yimin Ye and Luo Qiu 71, three Ren - Qing painters Ren Xiong, Ren Xun and Ren Yi. Together with Ren Yu, they are also called "Four Rens".
72. Three Lingnan writers - Qing poets Liang Peilan, Qu Dajun and Chen Gongyin 73. Tongzhou three writers - Qing Tongzhou writers Fan Dangshi, Fan Zhong and Fan Rui brothers 74. Zhejiang Sanmao - Qing Dynasty The early litterateurs Mao Xianshu, Mao Qiling, Mao Jike75, the three commoners from Jiangnan - the early Qing litterateurs Zhu Yizun, Jiang Chenying, Yan Shengsun76, and the three Jiangyou masters - the Qing Dynasty dramatist Jiang Shiquan, the litterateur Yuan Mei, the poet Zhao Yi 77. The Four Kings - landscape painters Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Cui and Wang Yuanqi in the early Qing Dynasty 78. The Four Masters - the writers of the Tang Dynasty Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang 79. The Four Spirits of Yongjia - the poets of the Southern Song Dynasty Xu Zhao, Xu Ji, Weng Juan, Zhao Shixiu. The four of them are all from Yongjia, and their names contain the word "ling", so they are called them.
80. The four kings - Mengchang Jun (Qi), Pingyuan Jun (Zhao), Chunshen Jun (Chu), Xinling Jun (Wei) 81. The four great masters of Yuan Opera - Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu, Zheng Guangzu 82. Four masters of regular script - Yan Zhenqing of Tang Dynasty, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun of Song Dynasty, and Zhao Mengfu of Yuan Dynasty 83. Four masters of literary circles of Northern Song Dynasty - Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian 84. Four talents of Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty - Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming , Zhou Wenbin85, the four great calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty - Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu86, the four Ming painters - Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, Wen Zhengming, Qiu Ying87, the four great painters of the Yuan Dynasty - the four great painters of the Yuan Dynasty Huang Ji, Wu Zhen, Ni Zan, Wang Meng88, the Four Young Masters - literati Hou Fangyu, Chen Zhenhui, Fang Yizhi, Maoxiang89 in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and the Four Friends of Wenwen - Tang poets Du Shenyan, Su Weiwei, Li Qiao, Cui Rong 90, the four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty - painters Liu Songnian, Li Tang, Ma Yuan, Xia Kui 91, the four masters of Wuzhong - Ming poet Yang Ji. 4. Impressions of Chengdu. Please ask, how did the ancient historical scholars evaluate Chengdu?
Presented by Du Fu, Jincheng silk tubes are flowing day by day, half into the river wind and half into the clouds.
This song should only be heard in heaven, how many times can it be heard in the human world? [Notes]: 1. Hua Qing: Hua Jingding, a military general in the Tang Dynasty who once put down Duan Zizhang's rebellion. Du Fu's "The Song of Playing Hua Qing" "The fierce generals in Chengdu have Hua Qing, and children who learn to speak know their names", that is, this Hua Qing.
Qing: Honorific title. 2. Jincheng: Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.
Silk pipe: string instrument, wind instrument, music of this generation. Numerous: numerous and chaotic.
This should mean "prosperous". 3. Half into the river wind and half into the clouds: The music drifts with the river wind, floats to the river, and floats into the clouds.
"Half in" does not mean half in half. 4. There is something in the sky: compare it with the joy of immortality.
5. How many times have you heard it? It means that it is rarely heard in the world.
[Explanation] The first two sentences of this poem describe the prosperity of music in Chengdu, which is played non-stop every day and the sound of music can be heard everywhere. The last two sentences turn around and say that this kind of music can only be found in heaven and is difficult to hear on earth, thus praising the superb beauty of Chengdu music.
Later generations often quote these two sentences to praise famous music pieces. In the novel "Colorful Clouds Return", after Xiulan sang the song selected by her husband, Tao Yezhi said: "Tonight is a perfect combination, making it an unforgettable song! Ahem! No wonder the ancients said: 'This song should only exist in heaven, not on earth. I heard it a few times! "It rains on a spring night. Du Fu knows the time of rain, and spring will happen."
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisturizing things softly and silently. At night, all the clouds on the path are dark, and the fire on the river and boats is only bright.
Look at the red and wet places at dawn, and the flowers are heavy on the brocade official city. [Note] 1. Nai: Just.
2. Occurrence: stimulates plant growth.
3. Diving: secretly, quietly.
4. Moisturize: Make plants nourished by rain. 5. Trail: a small road in the countryside.
6. Flowers are heavy: The flowers look plump and heavy due to the rain. 7. Jinguancheng: Another name for Chengdu.
[Brief Analysis] This is a poem that describes and praises spring rain. The word "xi" in the title applies to the entire article.
Although there is not a single word "happiness" in the eight lines of the poem, the poet's joy is beyond words. The first couplet writes about the arrival of spring rain: "Good rain knows the season, and when spring happens," the word "good" expresses the poet's praise for spring rain.
Spring is the season when plants sprout and grow. When rain is needed, it begins to rain. The poet uses personification to praise Chunyu for being considerate and understanding, as if he understands people's wishes.
The chin couplet depicts the characteristics of spring rain: "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently." It is accompanied by the warm spring breeze, taking advantage of the night to quietly float on the earth, dense and dense, moistening silently. All things do not seek to be known and have no intention of pleasing others.
Chun Yu has such a noble character, and the poet likes it very much. The neck couplet describes the scene of rain on a spring night: "The night path is dark with clouds, and the fire on the river boat is only bright."
The poet hoped that the good rain would last enough. He opened the door and looked out, only to see dark clouds in the sky and dark clouds on the ground. It was so dark that even the path could not be seen clearly. Only the fishing fire on the boat in the river showed a little light. The last couplet "Look at the red wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy in Jinguancheng" is the poet's imagination: at dawn the next day after the spring rain, the entire Jingguancheng must be a scene of colorful flowers and colorful flowers. Flowers are definitely more lovable.
If the flowers are like this, the crops in the field will definitely grow vigorously. The spring rain brings vitality to the earth and brings people the hope of a good harvest. How can the poet not praise the spring rain! Is the Road to Shu Difficult? Li Bai? Jian?: 钺咴 blink∈竦乐?禈?氏锨唵臁2 Wash about the dam and the mosquito H arc 6?This is resistant to the Qiu feed?辏?水歭厝?ㄈ Search otter N 鞯BI?子心竦 ulcer ?Shao Yuan Xun?妶 Yi Di 5 Qiao Langjiang Feng Cheng Ke Collapse? Slowly blanch the rice? Ring Jiao Shen? I feel too spicy? Cuo cover? Threatening bad mold? Reprimand? Lame gadolinium try lazy G 嗄 AZine smell the chest tread? Yan arrogant Ni Wei friends Yi Ting ^ patrol? bream silkworm ⅲ? Allow finger рeh? ぬ exhausted N show? Wei Wei asked and was barked in class? The rock is not climbable.
But I saw the mourning bird calling the ancient trees, and the male flying and the female flying around the forest. I also heard Zigui crying about the moon at night and worrying about the empty mountains.
The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the blue sky, which makes people listen to this withered beauty. Even if the peaks are gone, the sky is not full, and withered pines hang upside down against the cliffs.
The turbulent waterfalls are noisy, and the cliffs turn into rocks and thousands of valleys are thundered. The danger is just like this, people from far away are calling you for nothing! The sword pavilion is majestic and Cui Wei. One man can guard the gate, but ten thousand men cannot open it.
The relatives who were guarded or kidnapped turned into wolves and jackals. Avoid tigers in the morning and snakes at night.
Grinding teeth and sucking blood, killing people like hemp. Although Jincheng is happy, it is better to return home early.
The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the sky. I turned to the west and looked to the west and sighed! Appreciation In this poem, Li Bai, based on his rich life experience in Shu, galloped his rich imagination, and tried his best to paint a picture of the dangerous mountains and rivers of Shu with vivid language, exaggerated techniques and surprising images. It shows the magnificent and colorful nature of the motherland. The whole poem has a rigorous structure, clear layers and unpredictable changes. It adapts to the needs of the content and constantly changes the sentence structure and rhythm, making the poem's momentum more free and unrestrained, vigorous and powerful.
"The road to Shu is more difficult than climbing to the sky" appears three times in the poem, which clearly highlights the lyrical tone and melody of the whole poem, and enhances its artistic effect of "suddenly palpitating the soul and moving with the soul". At the same time, the poems are of any length, uneven, and bold in style, which also powerfully express the poet's surging patriotic passion.
Walking Alone by the River Looking for Flowers by Du Fu Huang Si’s natal family’s pedestal is full of flowers, with thousands of flowers hanging low on the branches. The butterflies dance all the time, and the orioles sing at ease.
[Notes] 1. Dupo: walking or walking alone. 2. 芊 (xī): small road.
3. Jiao: cute. 4. Just happen to meet.
Let’s talk about the sound of birds chirping. 5. Linger: that is, being nostalgic and reluctant to leave.
This poem is used to describe the way butterflies fly around among the flowers, reluctant to leave. "Liu Lian" is a "connected word".
The two characters that make up the Lianmian Ci are only a record of the pronunciation of the word, and have nothing to do with the meaning of the word. Therefore, a Lianmian Ci may have several different writing forms, such as "Liu Lian" is also written as "Liu Lian", The meaning of the word remains the same. [Brief Analysis] In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 760) by Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, the poet Du Fu lived in Chengdu, Sichuan after experiencing chaos. He built a thatched cottage on the bank of Huanhua Creek in the western suburbs. He temporarily had a place to stay and felt relatively comfortable.
In spring, when the flowers were blooming, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers, and wrote "Walking Alone by the River Looking for Flowers", the sixth of a set of seven quatrains. The first sentence, "Huang Si's maiden's house is full of flowers," points out the location where flowers are found.
"芊" means a small road. "The path is full of flowers" means that the path is covered with flowers and connected into a patchwork.
The second sentence is "Thousands of flowers weigh down the branches." "Thousands of flowers" describes a large number.
The words "press" and "low" in "press branches low" are used very appropriately and vividly, vividly depicting the density of spring flowers.