Temporomandibular joint is a left-right joint with rotation and sliding. There are three basic forms of temporomandibular joint: opening and closing, stretching and lateral movement. These movements are produced by the coordinated movements of masticatory muscles, ligaments and joints.
In the petrosal part of the temporal bone and in front of the external auditory canal, the bone surface is covered with fibrocartilage. The bony process in front of the articular fossa is a joint nodule, which helps to prevent the condyle from sliding forward excessively and dislocating when opening the mouth. The surface of condyle is also covered with fibrocartilage. The articular disc is an oval fibrous bone plate, which is located between the articular cavity and condyle, dividing the articular cavity into upper and lower parts and connecting with the articular capsule around it. The articular disc is tough and has a buffering effect between the two articular surfaces, so that the joint can adapt to the multidirectional movement of the mandible.
Extended data:
Ototemporal nerve originated from mandibular nerve, a branch of trigeminal nerve, and it is a sensory nerve.
It starts from two middle dura arteries, then synthesizes into a trunk, turns upward after the mandibular joint, passes through the upper margin of parotid gland, and is accompanied by superficial temporal arteries and veins, which are distributed in the skin of temporal region, mandibular joint, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane and preauricular skin.
There is a tiny branch in the parotid gland, which contains parasympathetic nerve fibers, petrosal nerve from glossopharyngeal nerve, and postganglionic fiber after changing neurons through ear ganglion. It penetrates between the two ends of the lateral pterygoid muscle, runs along the lateral side of the buccal muscle and runs through this muscle, and is distributed in the skin and buccal mucosa of the cheek.
The superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe is the location of primary and secondary auditory cortex, and it is also the center for processing auditory information. Temporal lobe is located in Wernicke area on the edge of parietal lobe, which has an important relationship with language, especially language understanding. Blocker area is closely related to language production, and the damage of this part of the brain will lead to aphasia. Hippocampus in temporal lobe plays an important role in the formation of long-term memory. The cortex at the bottom of the temporal lobe is involved in the recognition of objects and faces in vision, which belongs to the "ventral flow" of the visual system.
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