Li Qingzhao's nickname: Li Yian. Font size:No. Yi 'an Jushi. Time: Song Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Place of birth: Jinan, qi zhou. Date of birth: A.D.1March 08413rd. Time of death: about 1 155. Main works: Like a Dream, Jueju, Drunk Flowers, Slow Voice, Eternal Joy, etc. Main achievements: poetry creation and poetry theory.
About the details of Li Qingzhao, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
I. Li Qingzhao's Poems Click here to view details of Li Qingzhao.
Dreamy, whispering, drunken flowers, pruning plums, Wuling Spring, dreamy, Huanxisha, fisherman's pride, insatiable music, quatrains, divorced and dead, Yulouchun and dead.
Second, the main works
Li Qingzhao's collected works were carved at that time. The problem of Jie zhi Zhai contains Ji 1, and Bieben is divided into five volumes. Huang Sheng's Selected Poems of Hua 'an is said to have three volumes of Shu Yu Ci. The History of Song Dynasty, Artistic and Cultural Records contains 7 volumes of Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and 6 volumes of Yi 'an Ci. Long time no see. The existing poetry collections are all compiled by later generations. Shuyuzhai's Shuyu Ci 1 volume, and Wenyi's Shuyu Collection has 5 volumes, with the most works included. But most of the words received are fake. There are 60 "Shuyu Ci" in Zhao Wanli's Collation of Ci in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There is a newly discovered Li Qingzhao's ci in Kong's Addendum to the Poems of the Whole Song Dynasty. There is a collating of Li Qingzhao's collected works in Wang Zhongwen, which is published by People's Literature Publishing House.
Three. assess
Generally speaking, as a rare female writer in the history of ancient China literature, Li Qingzhao's patriotic thoughts embodied in her works have positive social significance. From a historical perspective, Li Qingzhao's patriotic thought represents one aspect of China ancient women's pursuit of gender equality, concern for state affairs and love for the motherland, from which future generations can see the other side of China ancient women's emotional world. In addition, she has won a place for women among many patriotic writers. Moreover, Li Qingzhao pioneered the patriotic creation of female writers and left a shining example of female patriotism for later generations, especially modern female literature creation. Understanding Li Qingzhao's patriotic thought from a realistic perspective, we can feel the great role of women in national unity, national unity and social progress. This is of great significance to give full play to women's social role in carrying forward the spirit of patriotism, holding high the banner of patriotism, promoting national unity, national unity and rejuvenating China. (Reference to Li Qingzhao's Portrait Album)
Evaluation of celebrities in ancient Song Dynasty: Yi 'an layman, daughter of uncle sentenced by Taoism, wife of Jiankang Shouzhaoming Chengdefu. Since I was a teenager, I have had a poetic name. I have been able to support myself and get close to my predecessors. It is rare among scholars. If you are a woman, you should improve your literary talent first. Zhao died, remarried to a family and left the lawsuit. Wandering around in the evening. As a long and short sentence, it can be full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Lu Xiang's language is dissolute and his writing is casual. Since ancient times, the gentry's home has been able to educate women, and it has never been so careless. "Bizhi" (Volume 2) Song Dynasty Zhu _: The literate women in this dynasty were led by. Yi Anming, daughter of Yuan _ celebrity Li. Poetry classics. Worthy of the ancient author; Words are particularly beautiful, often unexpected, and there is no comparability between them. Twelve volumes of anthology and one volume of book language collection. However, he didn't end in the evening, and he lived to death. It's a pity that you are gifted and stingy here. Hu Zai in Song Dynasty (Zhou Ping Ketan): A modern woman, who can write words like Yi Lee An, has many beautiful sentences. The fine print said, "It rained last night, and the wind blew suddenly, so I slept soundly without consuming wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Know it, know it, it should be green, fat and thin. " "Green, fat and thin" is a new word. There is also a saying in "Nine Days": "The curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." This language is also difficult for women. Yi' an adapted Zhang Ruzhou, but after several objections, there was a thick cloud in the notice: "The night view of Sang Yu is a match of inferior materials." All the communicators laughed. The last episode of "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua" (Volume 60) Yang Weizhen in Yuan Dynasty: a woman who endorsed, was a writer, and was called Cao Dajia in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In modern times, Yi 'an, Shu Zhen, and the like, Xuanhui's words are clear and round, a poem is simple, and the class is moving. However, out of listening to wisdom, I am angry with it, but I feel uncomfortable with benevolence and righteousness. This great scholar's trip can serve as a model for the Sixth Academy. Those who are short of literature for a while are not allowed to discuss it together. (Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty: Song people wrote lyrics, and Li Yian was also called an official. Put it on your clothes. When you compete with Chyi Chin and Huang Jiu, you are not alone in the boudoir. Its name "Shuyuji" was not found. The word "slow voice" is the most beautiful. ? In the valley, the so-called "taking the old as the new and the vulgar as the elegant" is easy to get ahead. ("Ci Pin" Volume II) Ming Dynasty: Zhu Zeng, the predecessor of Wen, had a good talent and color for some time, but he was not even, so his chapters were often full of complaints, and the world named his manuscript "Heartbroken Collection". Generally speaking, beautiful women have a short life, but since ancient times, they have been heartbroken! The ability of ancient women to write poems, such as Mrs. Sun, was groundbreaking. Shu Zhen followed closely, and the so-called generation does not lack talents. ("Zhushantang Thorn" Volume II) Wang Shizhen in Ming Dynasty: The Collection of Flowers uses fine print skillfully, and The Story of the World is also clumsy; "Caotang" has beautiful words, which were also used in the Six Dynasties. That is, words are called poems, and poets don't do them. who is it? Its elegance and intimate feelings are enough to resonate and catch addiction; Its softness is close to the vulgar, and its poetry is slow. I don't know what it is. Poetry and words, not words; Poetry is not poetry, it is poetry. Speaking of his official career, Li, Yan and his son, Qi Qing, Mei Cheng, Shao You, Ye all spoke in a very authentic way. Wen, Wei Yan and Xing, Huang Jiu and Jing Wei, long and beautiful, young and safe. Secondly, the variation of words is also. Ci flourishes Yuefu and Qu flourishes Ci. If it weren't for the death of Yuefu and Ci, its tune would also die. ("_ Comments on Zhoushanren's Ci") Jin Mao in Ming Dynasty: A batch of volumes of Caotang Poems are amazing. Every secret book is called "Lin Daguan Ci", and I don't know how many poets have been eliminated. In other words, if you are a junior and have several uncles, there are many words such as "pampering willow flowers" and "flying in Yan Ying". Why are you ashamed to sit down? It's a pity that there is not an article in Caotang Collection. I got the money first, and then I paid the pears. Anyone who does business in Weiyu is lucky and can learn from it. On the autumnal equinox, Mao Jinshi of Hunan. (Ji Google "Sixty Nouns in Song Dynasty") Liu Tiren in Qing Dynasty: Zhou Meicheng not only can't do love words, but also is elegant and upright. Liu Qi is the cleverest and sometimes awkward, so she looks forward to it and swims less. If the valley is inevitable, such as "I disagree". Next time, so will the garlic cheese. However, Yi 'an lay man is "the hardest to rest". "What a sad sentence", profound and elegant, does not fall into garlic and cheese, nor into quatrains. It is true that this primary color should be the first person in the industry. Shen Qian in the Qing Dynasty: Li Houzhu, a man, and Li Yian, a woman, are all true colors. You Dong in Qing Dynasty: The Woman Miao Yan selected by Zhou Leshan in Songling not only attracted public attention, but also clarified seclusion. It is time for flowers and plants to inherit the dust, and Lanquan was left to onlookers. Songling is known as "Yutai". Ye Xiaoyang's "Coming Back to Life" is unique in shape. Although "Shuyu" was reborn, it is still in the north, not to mention Yu Zi! Mao in Qing Dynasty: Poets are leisurely, eloquent and colorful, all of which are gods. However, they must be shallow and flat, and one or two are good ears. For example, the transformation of a beautiful woman into a "Qiu Si" is enough to describe the scenery, but it is "a drunkard's intention is not to drink, but to help the cold and fear", so it is artificial. Li Yian's "Chun Qing", "Dewdrops spread flowers, open new trees", quoted the whole sentence of "Shi Shuo". Hunmiao. It's wonderful to taste words, but you don't want to insist. You are sad and happy, near and far. Such as amusement words, will be slightly worried, not stupid. Li's Chun Qing was originally written in in my heart forever, and it was about "how much spring is coming" and "whether it is sunny today". He was suddenly enlightened, not only for the sake of the topic, but also for the original intention. Straight as a cloud, free to roll, people do not feel. ("Poetry Discrimination" Volume 4)
Hu Shi, a modern part: Li Yian was a female writer in Song Dynasty, with a well-deserved name and easy work. ? Li Qingzhao was famous for her literature when she was a teenager, and her ci was even more popular. It's a pity that she doesn't have many words (there are four printed editions of Wang), but we know that she is best at making vernacular characters. For example, A Prune of Plum (omitted) and Adding Words to Pick Mulberry Bananas (omitted), the most famous of which is his slow voice (omitted). This vernacular word is really a wonderful literary work. No wonder it influenced many people that day. Although Li Qingzhao was born in the Northern Song Dynasty, she was already a 50-year-old woman when she went to Dunan. However, she was dissatisfied with the great poets of the Northern Song Dynasty, including Er Yan, Ouyang, Su, Qin and Huang. (History of China Literature) Lv Simian: Li Yian was a poetess in the Northern Song Dynasty. ? Both husband and wife are studious, long poems and fine stones, and sincere talents of a generation. Yi 'an's poems are a little weak, the words are graceful and graceful, and he knows the melody. All his words are out of rhythm, relying on the authenticity of his voice, and are not called boudoir. Hu: At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was another famous poetess named Li Qingzhao. Her Yu Shu Ci is very famous in the literary world. Her beautiful sentence "The curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers" is especially praised. Luo Genze: Words are both music and literature? Although Yi Lee, a poetess, does not neglect literature, she tends to discuss it from the perspective of music. Rong Zhaozu (History of China Literary Criticism): Li Qingzhao is one of the most talented women in the history of China literature. Her comments on Ci are full of dissatisfaction with everyone in the Northern Song Dynasty, which shows that her eyes are sharp. Her words were revered on that day. For example, Xin Qiji sometimes claims to be "a good teacher in Yi Lee". Visible her influence; (Outline of China Literature History) Sister Liu: Li Qingzhao was a poetess before and after Nandu, and a talented woman writer with a high position in the history of China classical literature. She writes according to all the rules of writing. On the one hand, she attaches importance to temperament and refines words; At the same time, her words are full of true temperament and expression of life. She was born when the country changed and her family was ruined. Although her writing does not directly reflect the reality, we should know that her husband's death, her wandering poverty and her remarriage were directly persecuted by chaotic times and feudal society. She was the representative of a victim that day; Her life emotion is also the life emotion of countless refugees that day. (History of the Development of China Literature) Zhu Dongrun: Li Qingzhao, Yi Anju, Five Volumes of Yu Shuci, one of which remains today. His ci style is contrary to Liu Zhou's, and his comments on ci can be found in Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua? (Outline of the History of China's Literary Criticism) Lin Geng: Although the poetry circle in the Northern Song Dynasty is full of the power of slow words, it still focuses on poetry. In the Northern Song Dynasty, a writer who ended this word was Li Qingzhao. ? Among the female writers in China, this is the only one who can occupy a place in the history of literature. Ci was originally a description of female beauty, and she was able to complete that kind of self-expression. Although she lived between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her style was completely Northern Song Dynasty. She didn't want to go with the flow, but devoted herself to Xiao Lingyong, a more important poem in the ci world. Her famous works include Drunken Flowers (omitted) and Like a Dream (omitted). As for that beautiful sentence, like "one kind of lovesickness and two kinds of leisure worries"? As we all know. However, the trend of the whole ci world has completely moved towards a slow tone, and poetry has since become like a quatrain, just an accidental embellishment of the poet. The fate of poetry seems to inevitably follow the same path. (History of China Literature)
Fourth, life
Family background Li Qingzhao was born in a family of literary scholars. Father Li is a native of Jinan, a scholar, a protege of Su Shi, an official and a minister of rites. He has a rich collection of books and is good at literature and ci works. There is a stone tablet carved on the south of the north wall of Dongzhai of Qufu Confucius Temple, which reads: "Give a certain punishment, learn from Li, worship Ning (1 102) on the 28th day of the first month, lead a brown, cross the river, meet, March far away and worship the forest." My mother is the granddaughter of the top scholar, and she is very cultured.
Li Qingzhao inherited her family studies and lived in a family with a very strong literary atmosphere since childhood. Influenced by her family studies, she was brilliant. Therefore, it was once highly praised by Chao, a famous writer and Su Shi's great disciple, that "I have a poetic name since I was a child, so I can support myself and get close to others" (Wang Zhuo's Bi Ji Man Zhi). According to the volume of "Romantic Poems" edited by Zhu, Li Qingzhao is "good at writing, especially poetry, and Chao Wuxue calls her a scholar-bureaucrat". The forty-sixth volume of Shuo Lan quoted the Leisure Record of Ruiguitang as saying that she was "brilliant, knowledgeable and brilliant in modern times". Zhu's "Ke Tan" said in this volume that she was "worthy of being a master of ancient poetry and prose". As a teenager, Li Qingzhao lived in Bianjing with her father. The elegant living environment, especially the bustling scene of Kyoto, inspired Li Qingzhao's creative enthusiasm. In addition to writing poems, she also began to emerge in the ci world, and wrote a famous sentence "Like a Dream" which was widely read by later generations (last night, after the rain cleared, the wind blew suddenly). When this was said, it caused a sensation in the whole capital. "At that time, all the scribes applauded, and there was nothing to teach" (Collection outside Yaoshan Hall, Volume 54). After reading the famous poem Ode to Zhongxing Monument, Li Qingzhao immediately wrote two amazing works, Ode to Wuxi Zhongxing and Ode to Zhang Wenqian Zhongxing. This poem comments on the rise and fall vertically and horizontally, summarizes the historical lessons of the rise and fall before and after the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, and warns the rulers of the Song Dynasty that "Xia Shang has a lesson from the past, and history is the present". A girl who is new here can express such deep concern and anxiety about the country, which can't help but impress the world. Therefore, Qing Bo Magazine in Song and Zhou Dynasties thought that these two poems were written by women and many people. What can a thoughtful person do? " Chen Hongxu's "Cold Night Record" in the Ming Dynasty commented on these two poems: "Extraordinary and brilliant, known as hump and forest chest."
Harp and Chord In the first year of Guo Jing, Zhong Jian, Song Huizong (11year), Li Qingzhao 18 years old, and married Zhao Mingcheng, then a wife of 2 1 year old, in Bianjing. According to Li Qingzhao's Preface to the Story of the Stone, "Yu Jianzhong is Zhao Jiaxin." At that time, Li Qingzhao's father was the foreign minister of does, and Zhao Mingcheng's father was the assistant minister of official department, both of whom were senior officials of the imperial court. Although Li Qingzhao and his wife are "children of your family", because "Zhao and Li are poor and thrifty", Zhao Mingcheng, who is studying in imperial academy, often goes to the pawnshop to order some clothes for a little money when he goes home to reunite with his wife on the first and fifteenth days of junior high school, and then steps into the lively Suoguo Temple market to buy back his favorite inscriptions and fruits, so the couple "exhibit and chew". Ancient and mysterious inscriptions lead them to distant historical times, giving them a unique cultural and artistic enjoyment, making them feel as if they were in carefree ancient times, thus "calling themselves Ge people". In the last two years, Zhao Mingcheng entered the official career. Although she had an independent source of income, the couple still lived a very simple life, and set the goal of "travel far if you are poor, and make the best of the world". Although Zhao's book collection is quite rich, it is far from enough for Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng. So they tried their best to borrow rare books and cheats collected in the imperial palace through relatives and friends. "They tried their best to spread them, but they couldn't help themselves." Celebrity paintings and calligraphy, three generations of strange things, even at the expense of "stripping off the market." However, their strength is limited after all. On one occasion, someone took a peony painting by Xu Xi, a painter from the Southern Tang Dynasty, and asked for 20 Wan Wen. They stayed at home for two nights and couldn't put it down. However, there was no choice but to reluctantly return it to others. To this end, "the couple looked at each other for a few days." Married life, although poor, is quiet and harmonious, elegant and interesting, full of happiness and joy. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and the fierce struggle between the old and new parties in the imperial court involved the Li family. In the second year after Li Qingzhao's marriage, that is, in July of the first year of Chongning (1 102), her father Li was listed as Yuan party member and was not allowed to work in Beijing. At that time, 17 people were listed as party member, and Li ranked fifth, so he was expelled from the Daoist Party. In September, I wrote Yuan _ party member's list, and the stone carving ceremony ended, *** 120 people, and Li ranked 26th. In the same year, Tingzhi Zhao was promoted all the way. In June, he was promoted by Shang Shuyou Cheng, and in August, he was promoted by Shang Shucheng. In order to save his father's pain, Li Qingzhao wrote a poem about Tingzhi Zhao. In this regard, Zhang Taste said: "(Uncle Wen's daughter wrote a poem) Save the father's cloud:' What's more, the love between father and son in the world', and those who know it will mourn it." Chao also said: "(Female) has the name of a gifted scholar, her uncle and husband (pavilion) are here, and Li tasted the poem:' Hot hands can be cold'." ("County Zhai Du Zhi") Pity doesn't work. After being dismissed from office, Li had to take his family back to Mingshui as soon as possible. The party struggle in the imperial court became more and more fierce, and Li even blamed Li Qingzhao for "serving Yuan party member". In September of the second year of Chongning (1 103), Geng Yin banned Yuan _ Party children from living in Beijing; Xin Si, imperial edict: "Imperial clan shall not marry the descendants of Yuan _ traitors." (History of Song Dynasty, Volume 19, Biography of Huizong) Chongning for three years (1 104) "In summer and April, the children of party member in Shangshu Province, with or without officials, were ordered to live outside, and were not allowed to go to Quexia without authorization" (Volume 88 of Zi Zhi Tong Jian Continued) here. The political situation is changeable and things are unpredictable. At the end of spring (1 105), Tingzhi Zhao began to recall the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. In June, "(because) and (Cai) fought for power in Beijing and committed adultery repeatedly, so please go to a place to avoid it", so they called for help ("Song History? Biography of Tingzhi Zhao "). Only after more than half a year, in February of the fifth year of Chongning (1 106), Cai Jing went on strike, and Tingzhi Zhao awarded the right servant of Shangshu and assistant minister of Zhongshu. At the same time, the imperial court destroyed the Yuan _ Party Monument, then granted amnesty to the whole world and lifted the ban on all party member. Li et al. "sent the official department and the prison temple" (Volume 26 of "Continuing the History as a Mirror"), and Li Qingzhao was able to return to Bianjing to reunite with Zhao Mingcheng. However, in the first month of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing appeared again, and a ruthless political disaster fell on the Zhao family. In March, Tingzhi Zhao died five days after being shot by a right-handed servant. Three days after his death, he was framed by Cai Jing. Family members and relatives in Beijing were arrested and imprisoned. Because there were no facts, they were imprisoned in July and released soon after. However, the gift officer was chased away, and the son's shadow seal officer was lost, so it was difficult for the Zhao family to stay in the capital. Li Qingzhao had to follow Zhao's family back to his private house in Qingzhou and began to live in the village. Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng settled in Qingzhou in the autumn of the first year of Song Huizong Daguan (1 107). The following year, 25-year-old Li Qingzhao ordered her room to be called "Guitang" and renamed "Yi 'an Jushi." Gui Tang is taken from Tao Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci. At that time, Chao and Li Qingzhao's father, who had strongly praised Li Qingzhao, resigned as party member and claimed to be "returning the son". Chao built the "Gui Lai Garden" in his hometown (now Jinxiang, Shandong Province), and the halls, pavilions and pavilions in the garden were all named after the words in Gui Lai Xi Ci (see Gui Zi Cheng Ju by Chao). Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng named their study "Huilaitang", which was based on their admiration and imitation of Chao Bu Zhi. There is a saying in "Come home to Xi Ci" that "lean on the south window proudly and judge your knees at ease". Obviously, it is named after "Yi Jushi", so we should also take its magnanimity. In The Return of the Native, although Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng lost their comfortable life in the former prime minister's office in Beijing, they gained infinite pleasure in living in the countryside. They support each other and study literature and academic creation; They scrimped and saved, searched for ancient inscriptions and spent a rare time in their lives. In Preface to the Inscription, Li Qingzhao described this in detail: Hou Ping lived in the village for ten years and had no worries about food and clothing. Keep two counties in succession, exhaust their salaries and lead them first. Every book you get will be signed with * *, and the whole episode will be signed. Get a book, draw a picture, get an easy job, get a job, also play with books, criticize defects, and be a candle at night. Therefore, the paper is exquisite, the calligraphy and painting are complete, and the book collectors are the best. Ancient city of qingzhou is the heart of ancient Qi, a country with ancient cultural sites, with huge historical sites and huge boulders. There are many ancient artifacts in the three generations, sometimes unearthed. Mr. and Mrs. Zhao Mingcheng collected a large number of stone carvings in the local area, such as the Zhang Lie tablet in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Linhuai King tablet in the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Dayun Temple and the Zen Temple tablet written by Li Yong in the Tang Dynasty. The ancient halberd of the Ming Dynasty was unearthed in Yidu, and the ancient dragons and nobles unearthed on the bank of Changle Dan became their treasures one after another. In the fourth year of Zheng He (1 1 14), in the new autumn, Zhao Mingcheng wrote a photo of Yi 'an laity at the age of thirty-one, saying, "Beautiful words, dignified products, belonging to Xi, which is really worth hiding. Politics and Wu Jia Xinqiu, German father is returning to the hall. " (The portrait of Yi 'an layman and the inscription of Zhao Mingcheng are judged to be false by many people. However, according to the article "A Precious Material about Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao" published by Wu Jindi in the second issue of Journal of Shanghai Normal University (1987), the Zhao Mingcheng ink of Ouyang Xiu in Shanghai Museum is very similar to the inscription ink of the portrait. Accordingly, this paper thinks that the inscription in the portrait was written by Zhao Mingcheng. ) In the seventh year of Zheng He (117), with the help of Li Qingzhao, Zhao Mingcheng basically completed the writing of Jin Shilu. In addition to the preface, Liu _, a famous scholar at that time, was specially invited to "preface". According to historical records, Zhao Mingcheng wrote Jin Shilu and Li Qingzhao "cut it" (on Zhang's Return). Song Huizong was in Xuanhe for three years (1 12 1 year), and Li Qingzhao was 38 years old. Still in Qingzhou in spring and summer. On April 25th and 26th, Zhao Mingcheng visited water curtain cave, Tian Yang, and carved words on the stone wall in the cave. I will know Laizhou soon. Li Qingzhao didn't go with her peers at the beginning. It was not until autumn and August that Qingzhao went to Laizhou from Qingzhou. Passing Changle, I stayed at the post office and wrote "Seeing off my sisters in Changle Hall when Hua Lian died" to express my farewell to my sisters in Qingzhou. On August 10th, Qingzhao arrived in Laizhou and wrote another song "Feeling". There is a preface before the poem: "Xuan He Xin Chou arrived in Lai on August 10th, sitting alone in a room, and what he saw all his life was out of sight. A few polite rhymes, because the letter is opened by hand, and the poem is based on rhyme. I even got the word' Zi' because I thought it was rhyme and made a sentimental poem. " During her stay in Laizhou, Li Qingzhao continued to help Zhao Mingcheng compile the Records of the Golden Stone. "When I first installed it, I signed a light green ribbon, which was made up of ten volumes. More scattered every night, you need to sort out two volumes, with a postscript to the preface to epigraphy. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), Li Qingzhao was 42 years old. Zhao Mingcheng changed to Zizhou. Zhao Mingcheng won the Leng Yan Classic by Bai Juyi and Li Qingzhao in Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Song Qinzong Jingkang (1 126), Li Qingzhao was 43 years old and still lived in Zizhou with Zhao Mingcheng. That year, Zhao Mingcheng changed his official position because he suppressed the trouble of local deserters.
Li Qingzhao left Song Qinzong in the second year of Jingkang and the first year of Gaozong Jianyan (1 127). The Jin people invaded the south on a large scale, and captured Song Huizong and Qin Zong's father and son to the north, which is known as the "Jingkang Change" in history, and the court in the Northern Song Dynasty collapsed. In May, Zhao Gou, Kang Wang, was stationed in Tianfu, Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and rebuilt Yan, which began in the Southern Song Dynasty and became Emperor Gaozong. In March of that year, Zhao Mingcheng went south to attend the funeral because his mother died in Jiangning (now Nanjing). In August, I met jiangning house, who was appointed as the agreement of Jiangdong Economic System. As the situation in the north became more and more tense, Li Qingzhao began to sort out and select the collections, and prepared to go south: "Since long things can't be carried, first go to those who print big books, then to those who draw a lot of paintings, and then to those who don't know anything about ancient artifacts. Later, he went to supervise the book, painting is average, and the instrument is important. After repeated deduction, there are still fifteen cars carrying books to the East China Sea, crossing the Huaihe River and crossing the river to Jiankang. " In December, Qingzhou mutiny, the county magistrate was killed, and more than Qingzhou books were burned. (Li Qingzhao once recorded in the preface to the Story of the Stone: "Qingzhou is the first place, with more than ten books, which will be carried by boat next year. In December, Jin people were trapped in Qingzhou. " The words here should be wrong because they are copied or copied. The historical fact should be "Qingzhou mutiny". ) When Li Qingzhao escorted 15 wagons and books to Zhenjiang, Zhang was trapped in Zhenjiang House, and the minister in charge of Zhenjiang abandoned the city (Zi Zhi Tong Jian 10 1), but Li Qingzhao, with his great wisdom and courage, made a suggestion two years later (1kloc-0). There is a cloud in the eighth volume of Zhou Qingbo Magazine: "Yi 'an people say that on the day of Ming Cheng's health, Yi 'an is worth heavy snow every day, that is, wearing a hat and looking for poetry in the city." If you get a word, you must ask your husband to make peace. You should be sincere and bitter. The Compromise and Surrender faction headed by Song Gaozong refused to go north to the Central Plains on the pretext that the situation was critical, and blindly sought peace. Li Qingzhao was very dissatisfied and wrote many satirical poems. She once said, "It's too cold to come to Wujiang in the south and too cold to go to Xiaoshui in the north", and "It's news that Wang Dao is in rags in the south and Liu Kun in the north". In February (1 129), Zhao Mingcheng went to Jiangning. In March, he and Li Qingzhao "took a boat to Wuhu, entered their period, and lived on the water in Jiangxi" ("Preface to Jinshi"). After crossing the Wujiang River, Chu committed suicide and wrote "Jueju" to mourn Xiang Yu. Taking Xiang Yu's heroic historical records that he would rather die than surrender and cited Wujiang River to thank his elders in Jiangdong as an example, this paper satirizes the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty. In May, to Chiyang (now Guichi, Anhui Province), Zhao Mingcheng was the year of Huzhou. Li Qingzhao recalled in the Preface to the Inscription that Zhao Mingcheng would "go to the temple through the door". So he stayed at Chiyang's home and made a phone call alone. On June 13, I began to carry a heavy load. I got off the boat and sat on the shore, covered with a towel. I was as energetic as a tiger, and my eyes were rotten. I looked at the boat and said goodbye. I was so disgusted that I shouted,' What if there is a rumor that the city is in an emergency?' Ji replied from a distance:' Follow the crowd. If you have to, you must first abandon the trench, followed by clothes and quilts, second books and second antiques. The only so-called sacristy can hold it by itself and live and die together. Don't forget them. "I rushed to the horse." Unfortunately, due to illness on the way, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang on August 18. After Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao offered it as a literary sacrifice, saying, "The sun is in the sky, sighing that Pang Weng is agile; The city is self-defeating, and the woman's sorrow is deep. " (Thanks to "Talking about Harriers in April and June", Volume 1) After Zhao Mingcheng was buried, Li Qingzhao was seriously ill. At that time, the country was in an emergency, and Zhao Mingcheng's eldest sister-in-law, Li Zhuo, was appointed as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, the Empress Wei from Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). In order to preserve the cultural relics and books left by Zhao Mingcheng, Li Qingzhao sent someone to deliver his luggage. Unexpectedly, in November of that year, the Jin people were trapped in Hongzhou, and the so-called book of crossing the river was scattered into clouds. Li Qingzhao had to flee south with a small amount of light books and posts. Later, Li Qingzhao once deleted Li _, the younger brother of the appointed official, from the yamen bureau at that time. At this time, there was a secret talk about Zhao Mingcheng, and there was a so-called "grant of money". Li Qingzhao was forced to follow the emperor with all the bronzes and other things, hoping to throw them into the court. Most of the remaining cultural relics were lost in the drift from place to place. In the spring of four years (1 130), Li Qingzhao followed the emperor's footsteps and moved to eastern Zhejiang. "To Taiwan, keep has dun. He left the land, abandoned his clothes and was taken away from Huangyan. He hired a boat to go to sea and ran to North Korea. When he was stationed in Zhang' an, the temperature sent by the royal ship was higher. " In September, with the support of Jin people, the pseudo-Qi regime was established. Li Qingzhao said in a poem: "Han Cheng Shao, the new room is like a wart. Therefore, it is scattered in the middle, thin and cloudy until death. " In November, the court released the officials and Li Qingzhao arrived in Quzhou. In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), Li Qingzhao went to Vietnam (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in Zhong's home. Her paintings and calligraphy were stolen overnight. She was heartbroken and regained her reward and redemption. At this point, most books and cultural relics have been lost. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), Li Qingzhao arrived in Hangzhou. The great pain brought by the disappearance of books and cultural relics and the ruthless torture given by wandering and fleeing life made Li Qingzhao fall into a desperate situation of pain. Lonely and helpless, marry Zhang Ruzhou again. Zhang Ruzhou has coveted her precious collection for a long time. After getting married, Li Qingzhao found that she didn't have much property at home. When she was disappointed, she kept quarreling, then swearing and even kicking. Zhang Ruzhou's barbaric behavior made Li Qingzhao unbearable. Later, it was discovered that Zhang Ruzhou was also guilty of graft and false reporting of official positions. Li Qingzhao reported Zhang Ruzhou to the authorities and asked for a divorce. After investigation, Zhang Ruzhou was transferred from Liuzhou. Although Li Qingzhao was allowed to divorce, the law of the Song Dynasty stipulated that a wife should be sentenced to three years in prison for suing her husband, so she was also locked up. After being rescued by relatives and friends such as Qin Chongli, a bachelor of Hanlin, he was released after being detained for 9 days. (For the remarriage of Li Qingzhao and Zhang Ruzhou, later scholars are quite controversial. In fact, it was not uncommon for women to remarry in the early Song Dynasty, which did not affect Li Qingzhao's character. Many people in the Song Dynasty talked about this matter, which should be credible. In fact, the ancients' argument of fallacy was the result of being bound by the feudal concept of ethics. Although she experienced the disaster of remarriage and divorce, Li Qingzhao's will to survive was not depressed, and her enthusiasm for poetry creation was even higher. After she got rid of her personal pain, she turned her attention to national affairs. In the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), in May, the court sent Han Xiaoyan, the Privy Council, and Hu Songnian, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, to the Jin Dynasty. Li Qingzhao wrote an ancient poem and a metrical poem with passion to see the two gentlemen off. There is a line in the poem, "I want to send blood and tears to the mountains and rivers and scatter soil on Dongshan", which expresses my strong desire to fight back against aggression and recover lost land, and is full of feelings of caring for the motherland. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), Li Qingzhao completed the writing of the preface to the record of the golden stone. In October, in order to avoid the chaos in Jinhua, it was written as "Ma Tu" and "Preface", and it was also written as "Ma Tu". Although it is a game text, it involves current events. By talking about games, he quoted a large number of allusions about war horses and magnificent actions to eliminate evil and kill the enemy in history, warmly praised the wisdom and courage of loyal generals such as Huan Wen and Xie An, alluded to the incompetence of rulers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and expressed his personal feelings of "dying as a martyr". During her stay in Jinhua, Li Qingzhao also wrote the poem Wuling Chun, lamenting the tragic life experience of wandering and expressing her grief over the destruction of the country and the separation of her wife and children. He also wrote a poem called Eight Chants Upstairs, lamenting the depression of the Song Dynasty and the difficulty of defending the country. His phrase "the country stays behind, and future generations worry" can be called a swan song. In the 13th year of Shaoxing (1 143), Li Qingzhao sorted out Zhao Mingcheng's posthumous work "The Record of the Stone" and presented it to North Korea. More than ten years later, in the twenty-sixth year of Shaoxing (1 156) or later, Li Qingzhao passed away quietly at the age of at least 73, with persistent thoughts of her deceased relatives and infinite disappointment at her hometown.
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