Sent Du Shaofu to Shuzhou
Wang Bo
Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to Wujin.
I want to say goodbye to you, both are eunuchs.
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world.
Inaction is on the road, and the children are wet with towels.
Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou·Work Appreciation
The sadness of separation is a common theme in ancient poetry. In ancient times, transportation was inconvenient. Once separated, it was difficult to see each other again. Even communication was not an easy task. Therefore, these farewell or farewell poems are inevitably tinged with sadness and sadness. Jiang Yan's "Farewell Fu" said that "the one who is in ecstasy is just farewell", which was indeed the case in ancient times. But it cannot be generalized. There are also clear and optimistic poems written by the ancients. The famous work "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" by the poet Wang Bo in the early Tang Dynasty is such a good poem.
Wang Bo, courtesy name Zian, was from Longmen, Jiangzhou. When he was 14 years old, he passed the imperial examination and became a court official. King Pei called him to compile essays, but he was soon demoted by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. So Wang Bo wandered around Shu, and once served in Guozhou to join the army. He also committed a capital crime. Fortunately, he was pardoned, but his official position was still lost. His father was implicated by him and was demoted to Jiaozhiling. He crossed the sea to visit relatives and unfortunately drowned. Only 25 years old.
"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" was written when he was in Chang'an. "Shaofu" is the general name for county captains in the Tang Dynasty. The young man named Du was about to take office in Sichuan. Wang Bo saw him off in Chang'an and gave him this poem before leaving.
"The city gate assists the three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the five Jin Dynasties." The first two sentences respectively point out the farewell place and the destination of the pedestrians. "Chengque" refers to the capital city of Chang'an. The castles are the watchtowers on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" generally refers to the area around Chang'an. After Xiang Yu defeated the Qin Dynasty, he divided the original territory of the Qin State into the three kingdoms of Yong, Sai, and Zhai, and named the three generals of the Qin Dynasty as kings, called the "Three Qins". "Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties" means that the capital Chang'an is surrounded by the Three Qin Dynasties. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu wants to go. The Minjiang River in Sichuan from Guanxian to Qianwei has five ferries including Baihuajin and Wanlijin, which are called "Five Jins". Chang'an is the place where the poet and Du Shaofu parted ways. The city walls and palaces are majestic and vivid. Du Shaofu was naturally reluctant to leave here. And what about the Shuzhou that we are about to go to? It is thousands of miles away, the wind and smoke are misty, and it is inevitable to feel a bit melancholy when looking at it. These two sentences use the contrast of two scenes, one near and one far away, to set off the farewell feelings of both the traveler and the person seeing him off.
This friend surnamed Du got a small official like a county captain in the capital, and traveled a long way to Shuzhou to take up the post. I am afraid he is a very unsuccessful intellectual. Wang Bo himself was not very proud of his official career. When they walked out of the capital and looked at Wujin from a distance, their feelings for each other naturally communicated. "I want to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs." These two lines of poems express the emotional resonance between the two. The general idea of ??these two sentences is: You and I are both traveling away from home to pursue official careers. You go to Shuzhou, and I stay in Chang'an. Although there are differences between going and staying, the meaning of farewell at this moment is the same! The feelings expressed in these two sentences are very sincere, the attitude is very sincere, and a considerate and concerned tone comes out naturally from the lines, which is very touching.
In five or six sentences, he suddenly turned his pen to comfort the friend who was about to leave: "There are close friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far as the end of the world." It means: After we break up, although we are far apart, we don't have to sad. There are close friends at home, even if they are far apart, they are like close neighbors. The last two sentences take this a step further and say: "Inaction is on the crossroads, and children are stained with tears." It means, don't be sad because of separation on the crossroads of separation, just like those young men and women who shed tears on their towels. The above four sentences are derived from Cao Zhi's "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao". When Cao Zhi separated from his younger brother Cao Biao, he wrote: "My husband has ambitions all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away." He also said: "Worry makes you sick, but it is the kindness of your children!" But Wang Bo's poems are more concise and clear.
"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" has been a popular poem for a long time, especially the two sentences "A bosom friend in the sea is as close as a neighbor to the end of the world", which is still often quoted by people today. This poem is optimistic and cheerful, without the sadness and pathos that are common in farewell poems. I think this is an important reason why it is so popular. Its mood is consistent with the spirit of the times in the early Tang Dynasty when the economy and culture were prospering and feudal society was rising and developing.