That is, the "fu" in the expression of the Book of Songs refers to the tireless and multi-angle presentation of the characteristics of things. For example, in Peacock Flying Southeast, "... chinese odyssey", from foot to head, to waist, to ear, to finger, to mouth, to step, a series of exaggerated statements are aimed at describing the beauty of Lan Zhi and showing her calmness.
2. Translation
Rendering is a kind of expression method to highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect by describing, describing or comparing the behavior and psychology of the environment, scenery or characters. For example, the last film of Rain Bell describes the farewell environment, and the author is full of colors, trying to render a bleak atmosphere and adding sadness and hatred. In the first part of the stadium, "Apes whimper in the high wind in the wide sky, and birds return to their nests on the white sand in clear lake" (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain), six close-ups have been seen and heard continuously, which render the characteristics of the scenery of Qiujiang River.
3, film pasting
Contrast is a kind of profile description, which was originally a drawing method of Chinese painting, and later as a writing technique, it refers to supporting armor with armor, making its characteristics more prominent. This technique is often used in combination with rendering techniques, such as writing the moon in the river three times in Pipa, which respectively set off the beautiful and attractive timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters. The figure Su Shi wanted to create in Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia was Zhou Yu, but the author started with "romantic figures of the ages" and drew out "how many heroes" in Battle of Red Cliffs, and finally concentrated on Zhou Yu, which highlighted Zhou Yu's position in the author's mind.
Step 4 cause
Setting off is a kind of setting off, which means putting other things together to set off or contrast, so as to make things stand out. There are two kinds of foil techniques: one is positive foil and the other is negative foil. The positive contrast is set off by the same things, such as Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Yang Guifei's "If she just turns her head and smiles, there will be a hundred spells, and the sixth house powder will go up in smoke" to set off beauty; Contrast is to use the opposite things to set off, such as movement to set off quietness, beauty to set off ugliness, pleasure to set off suffering and so on. For example, "cicadas make the forest quieter and Tonamiyama quieter" and "monks knock on the moon door" are all used to make trouble.
5. Write sad feelings with happy scenes.
This is a contrast technique. On the surface, it is a happy scene, but in fact it is used to express a sad mood. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand", "The grass is warm and swaying, and the sorrow is far away and endless", with the grass and the warm spring breeze, this kind of music sets off the poet's endless sadness of parting. Another example is Li Yu's "Looking at Jiangnan", "How much hate, in my dream last night. It is also like the old garden, Ma Rulong is full of traffic, and the spring breeze is blooming every month. " The excitement and beauty of the garden in the past show the desolation of today.
6. Turn action into stillness
Is to turn a moving scene in poetry into a static scene to write. For example, in Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", the phrase "Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of the river" turned the moving waterfall into a static waterfall. The word "hanging" vividly shows the image of a waterfall pouring in the distance, and is full of the poet's magic and great praise for nature.
7, dynamic and static combination
It refers to a technique of describing poets, events and scenes organically. For example, Du Fu's quatrains said: "Mountains and rivers are beautiful in the evening, and flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. Mud melts and swallows fly, sand warms and mandarin ducks sleep. " The last sentence of the poem contrasts with the dynamic flying swallow in the third sentence, which is dynamic and static, and makes each other interesting.
8. Rhythm
In order to refute people, we often write down the shortcomings of those who want to praise and the advantages of those who want to belittle. This technique is repression. For example, Song Yuan's "Pei Gong Li Feng" also needs articles. However, he taught the warriors to sigh more and dream more about clouds. If you control a hero, you can catch him and no one can leave the hub. The harem, the foreign Sect, and Liu Hezhi's crisis, first write about Liu Bang's various powers, and finally talk about the chaos of the foreign Sect in the harem, which is ironic. "Boudoir young woman don't know sorrow, spring makeup tall buildings. Suddenly, I saw a strange willow color and regretted teaching my husband to find a seal "(Wang Changling's in my heart forever). This poem adopts the method of praise first and then suppression. First, it writes that the young woman "doesn't know how to worry" and then says that she "regrets". Through the description of the subtle changes of young women's mood, it profoundly shows the sadness and sadness of young women caused by touching the scene, and highlights the theme of "in my heart forever".
9. The combination of reality and surplus
It means that the scenes and events in reality are set against each other and intertwined with those in imagination to express the same feelings. "Chilling, pavilion is late, the shower began to rest. All the accounts are in no mood, and the blue boat in homesickness is urging. Holding hands and staring at tears, I was speechless. ..... "(Liu Yong's" Yulinling ") Except" I miss thousands of miles of smoke and the sky is wide at dusk ",I wrote down all the facts in front of me. Writers and lovers can't stand separation, but must be in other emotions, which is true writing; The next idea about future life is an empty article, deliberately depicting the poet's feeling of loneliness. The combination of reality and reality vividly shows the reluctance to leave. Real writing refers to the direct and positive narrative and description of things, while imaginary writing refers to the narrative and description of side narrative or contrast. The combination of reality and fiction can make the structure of the work more compact, the image more vivid and increase the capacity of the work. For example, Chen Tao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Westbound Longxi": "I swear to sweep the Huns regardless of my body, and 5,000 minks mourn Chen Hu. Poor riverside bone, still a dream girl. " Three or four sentences "Boundless Riverside Bones" and "Spring Sleeping" are reality on one side and dreams on the other; One side is a sad skeleton, and the other side is a handsome young soldier. Reality is relative, and glory is different, which has a strong artistic effect. A "pity" and a "Jude" contain deep feelings, which embodies the poet's infinite sympathy for the war victims and their families.
10, line drawing meticulous painting
Sketch was originally a painting method of Chinese painting, which refers to a descriptive technique of drawing vivid images in literary creation with the most concise pen and ink, without contrast, pure lines and no color rendering, which is enlightening knowledge. Meticulous brushwork refers to the attention to details, the meticulous carving and colorful description of things. For example, Su Shi's "Huanxisha": "The towel falls with the jujube flowers, and the car rings south of the village. Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers. The sun is shining, but he is too thirsty. He wants to find some water to drink. Knock on the door and ask the savage. " Pick up two small scenes in life, express them in a simple way, integrate feelings with scenes, and create a unique aesthetic feeling.
1 1, image combination
Image combination is similar to montage in movies. Montage is that the film director organizes many shots to express the theme of the film, making it a coherent and complete film. The combination of images in poetry is that the author organically combines some images in poetry according to the needs of expression and the logic of life, giving people a distinct sense of images. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" says: "The old vine is faint, the small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " This song is composed of nine nouns in the first three sentences, cleverly organized in a picture, rendering the bleak atmosphere in late autumn, thus implicitly highlighting the sadness of travelers. In the article "Walking in the Morning", six images are written: the sound of chicken, Maodian, Moon, Man, Banqiao and Frost. These two poems are composed of pure nouns, and writing the scene of walking in the morning is really a good sentence.
12, curved wall
Bending the pen is a writing method that deliberately deviates from the subject and does not go straight to the book when writing an article. Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai: "The smoke cage is full of sand in the cold moon, and the night is near Qinhuai Restaurant. A strong woman in the business world doesn't know how to hate the country, but also sings "backyard flower" across the river. " "Businessmen don't know national subjugation and hate" is a ballad, because businesswomen are singers who serve others, and what they sing depends on the listener's taste. It can be seen that the real "shame of national subjugation and xenophobia" are the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The last two sentences of the poem, with graceful and elegant style, show bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion, express the seclusion mood of feudal intellectuals, and reflect that bureaucrats and nobles fill their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing and dreaming.
13, repeated chapters and sentences
It refers to a technique of expression in which the upper and lower sentences or the upper and lower paragraphs repeatedly sing in the same structural form, such as Xin Qiji's Ugly Slave. The middle wall of Shuboshan Road: "Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow, fall in love with the floor, and fall in love with the floor. Worried about adding new words. Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. I wanted to say that I was still resting, but I said,' It's a cool autumn.' "The first part is about the carefree sadness when I was young, and the second part is about the sadness of caring for and serving the country now. The upper and lower pieces adopt the structure of overlapping sentences. In repeated singing, not only the language has musical beauty, but also the content forms a sharp contrast.
14, see the big from the small.
It refers to a way to write small topics and reflect big problems. For example, Jiang Chun is a Thing by Sikong Shu: "When the fishing boat returns, it is not tied to the boat, and the sun sets, Jiang Chun sleeps peacefully. Even if it is blown away by the wind overnight, it will only be near the shallow waters of Lu Hua. " The whole poem sees the big from the small, and through such a trivial matter as "not tying the boat", it shows the quiet and beautiful natural environment of Jiangcun and the leisurely mood of the protagonist. What we feel through the pictures and images of poetry is a simple and simple social life.
15, Bixing
The so-called comparison is metaphor and analogy. The so-called xing, that is, at the beginning of a poem, "talk about something else first" leads to the following text. For example, "Peacock flies southeast" begins with Xing's technique, "Peacock flies southeast, and five miles fall", which leads to the story that Zhong Qing and he can't bear to be separated, and finally both of them are partial. Li Shangyin's "cicadas", "You are hungry because of pure heart, and you sing in vain all night", the first sentence is excited by cicadas. "Tall" means that cicadas live in tall trees, which is a metaphor for their lofty. Cicada sucks wind and drinks dew on the tall tree, so it is "rare", which coincides with the author's life experience. From "not full" leads to "sound", so there is hate in sorrow. Bixing is often used in poetry, which can better receive the effect of expressing your will and feelings in the scene.