Plagiarism of Chinese Kaiyun Net Gan Ming layman 20 12 Aug 10
First of all, Chinese is a cloud. Com explains the word "Tai Chi" for everyone. The word "Tai Chi" was first seen in Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi, the great master, wrote the following words: "The way of husband, ... the god of ghosts and gods was born; Before Taiji, it was not high, but under the six poles, it was not deep. " "Tai Chi" in this sentence is only a description of the maximum limit, and it is not the origin of the universe like "Tao". As the origin of the universe, "Tai Chi" first appeared in the Book of Changes-Collection Uploading. "Easy to have Tai Chi, that is, two instruments give birth to four elephants, and four elephants give birth to gossip. Gossip will determine good or bad luck, and good or bad luck will achieve great things. " Tai Chi here refers to the primitive unity before the separation of heaven and earth. The general idea of this whole sentence is: the easy-to-live Taiji generates substances with yin and yang properties in its operation, and the substances with yin and yang properties are constantly differentiated and combined, resulting in "four images" and "eight diagrams". Among them, "four images" are interpreted as lunar, sun, less yin and less yang, while "eight diagrams" refer to the eight most important substances that constitute the universe, namely, heaven (dry), earth (Kun), thunder (earthquake), wind (smoke), water (ridge), fire (separation) and mountains. The appearance of "gossip" means that the material world has taken shape. In the same material world, Yin and Yang are constantly in harmony, so there are various phenomena with value judgment, such as "good luck" and "great cause". Here, the uploading of the Book of Changes-Cohesion shows us a germinal mode of Taiji Metaphysics universe. The intuitive description of this cosmic germinal pattern may be an important reason for the appearance of the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish.
So, when did the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish appear? Generally speaking, it is not a place formed at one time, but a process of gradual evolution. According to historical records, the formation of Taiji diagram of Yin-Yang fish has much to do with Chen Tuan, a Taoist priest of Huashan Mountain in the Five Dynasties. The Biography of Zhu Zhen in the History of the Song Dynasty said: "Chen Tuan spread the seed, and it was spread in Shao Yong with the innate picture, the biography of Mu Xiu and the biography of Mu Xiu. Put the river map, spread Li Guan in Luo Shu, and spread Xu Jian, Xu Jianchuan Chang and Wei Changchuan. "Mu Xiu told Zhou Dunyi about Tai Chi, and Dunyi told Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi about it. Chen Tuan's Taiji Map obtained by Zhou Dunyi was originally called Wuji Map, but Zhou Dunyi changed it into Taiji Map and wrote Taiji Map. However, Zhou Dunyi's Tai Chi map is not what we see now. A view accepted by most people is that the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish is related to the congenital diagram of Chen Tuan inherited by Shao Yong. There are different opinions about how many hexagrams Shao Yong deduced from the congenital map. Zhang Xingcheng thought there were fourteen paintings in the Southern Song Dynasty. He said, "There are fourteen paintings in Mr. Shao Yong's book. "Zhu divided it into four types in Yijing Enlightenment and Yijing Original Meaning, namely, Fuxi Eight Diagrams Sequence Diagram, Fuxi Eight Diagrams Orientation Diagram, Fuxi Sixty-four Gua Sequence Diagram and Fuxi Sixty-four Square Diagram. Among them, Fuxi Eight Diagrams Orientation Map and Fuxi Sixty-four Gua Orientation Map (Figure 1, Figure 2) are directly related to the Yin and Yang fish Taiji map. Yang Yang's Fish Tai Chi Map has appeared in Yi Xian Tu-Huntianxiang, the first volume of Yi Xuan edited by Zhang Hangcheng, but is this the original picture of Chen Tuan and Shao Yong? Or the original picture in Zhang Hangcheng's "Wing Xuan"? Have questions.
Shao Yong Fuxi Eight Diagrams and Fuxi Sixty-four Guas recorded in Zhu's Original Meaning of Zhouyi actually have the basic framework of the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish that we see now. Zhu explained Fuxi's Eight Diagrams Orientation Map in the Original Meaning of Zhouyi: "Say that the hexagrams spread:' Heaven and earth are positioned, mountains and rivers are ventilated, lightning is thin, and fire and water are incompatible. Gossip is wrong, counting the past is smooth, and knowing the future is wrong. Shao Zi said, "Longnan, Kunbei, Dong Li, Kan, the northeast of Zhendui, the southeast of Xunxun and the northwest of Gengen. From shock to dry, it is smooth, from sadness to Kun, it is reverse. Put the last sixty-four hexagrams here. "This is a passage about' the orientation of heaven and earth' in Zhouyi-Shuogua Zhuan, which is a proof of Shao Yong's" the orientation map of eight diagrams in Gannan Kunbei and Dongkan West Fuxi ". The orientation map of Fuxi's sixty-four hexagrams shows the movement and change of Yin and Yang. "This picture is round, dry in the sky, Kun is in the child, away from the base, and the ridge is in the middle. Yang is born in the middle of the child and extremely in the middle of the sky; Yin is born in the middle of the day, and it is extremely high in the child. Its yang is in the north and its yin is in the south. These two are governed by yin and yang. " (The original meaning of Zhouyi) Here, if white is used to represent Yang, black is used to represent Yin, and then with Fuxi's gossip, the basic framework of Yin-Yang fish Taiji diagram has been formed. But Zhu did not do so at that time. Probably at that time, Zhu hadn't seen the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish.
So, who first published the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish? Hu Weiwei in Qing Dynasty quoted Jue Yuan's Preface to the Three Pictures of Xie Zhong in his book Discrimination, saying: "Zhu Wengong (Zhu) asked his friend Cai Jitong to be like Jingzhou, and then he entered the gorge and got three pictures." In other words, Zhu asked his friend Cai Jitong to go to Jingzhou and Sichuan (probably Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan) to look for three Yi Tu Tu from Chen Tuan and got them. Among the three pictures, there is a congenital Tai Chi map, which is the Tai Chi map of Yin and Yang fish that we see now. However, Hu Weiwei went on to introduce Zhao in the early Ming Dynasty. Qian's Original Meaning of Six Books says: "This picture (that is, the congenital Taiji picture) was handed down from generation to generation by Cai Jitong, a hermit in Shu, but it was kept secret, although Zhu did not see it." In other words, Zhu has never seen a congenital taiji diagram. Later, the "Congenital Taiji Map" experienced many secret changes of hands, and finally Zhao? Qian got it from a man named Chen Bofu and made it public. Therefore, it was Zhao? Who first published the Yin-Yang Diagram of Taiji in the early Ming Dynasty (Figure 4). Modest but Zhao? This Tai Chi Map of Yin and Yang Fish published by Qian was not called Tai Chi Map at that time, but called Natural River Map of Heaven and Earth. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Zhang compiled a book, in which the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish ranked first among all the diagrams, also known as the "Ancient Taiji Diagram" (Figure 5). Because "at that time, since enlightenment, 55 maps were used as river maps, and Lianxi had its own Taiji map, which was called Taiji map and added to show the difference." That is to say, in Zhu's Book of Changes, this 55-bit black-and-white dot is designated as a river map, which is accepted by academic circles and officials. It is also true that Zhou Dunyi had a "Tai Chi Map" as early as the Northern Song Dynasty and wrote the "Tai Chi Map". In this way, in order not to be confused, the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish is neither called "river map". It is not called "Taiji Diagram", but called "Ancient Taiji Diagram" or "Congenital Taiji Diagram".
After the appearance of Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish, there are different opinions about its meaning. One of the most well-known sayings can be used to explain the origin of gossip in Zhouyi. "The Book of Changes and the Biography of Gua" said: "The Book of Changes was written by sages of all ages and praised by the gods." Looking at the heavens and the earth and counting, the view turns from yin to yang and divination. It plays the role of combining rigidity with softness, obeying morality, being justified, and dying if you are poor. It is mentioned that "the view changes from yin and yang to establish divination, but it is not clear how the view changes from yin and yang to establish divination, and it is born rigid and soft". As for the "Ancient Taiji Diagram" listed in Hu Weiwei's "Yi Tu Bian" in Qing Dynasty, there are detailed methods to draw eight diagrams according to the information of Yin and Yang. As shown in the above picture, seeing the whole picture as a circle is Tai Chi. There are two yin-yang fish in the circle, one white and one black, which surround each other. The white fish represents yang and the black fish represents yin. It means "it is easy to have Tai Chi, and it is to give birth to two instruments". Yin Qi in the north is rich, and extremes meet. Among them, Yiyang is an earthquake; As the yang becomes stronger and stronger, it changes from shock, separation, exchange to dryness in turn, reaching the peak of yang. In the picture, the earthquake is located in the northeast, with a white spot, two black spots, an odd number and two even numbers; Dui is located in the southeast, and there are white dichotomy, black dichotomy, odd dichotomy and even dichotomy. Dry south is all white, and the three wonders are not even, which is the divination of pure yang; But if divination is due to the East, then the white dots in black are divided into two whites and one black, which means that two odd numbers contain an even number (there are still some different opinions on this point. If two white fish heads in the west are matched with one black, or the black part is surrounded by white in the east and white in the west, it is also a separate image. Similarly, the south is full of yang, and the yin is Xun. With the gradual prosperity of Yin, it flourished from Xun, Kan, Gen to Kun. Among them, Xun is in the southwest, black one point, white two points, even and odd; Root northwest, black dichotomy, white dichotomy, even and odd numbers; Kunbei is all black, three couples, pure yin; The divination is just to the west, and the black spots in the white are divided into two blacks and one white (or the two black fish heads in the east are sandwiched with one white, or the middle white part is surrounded by the western black part and the eastern black part), indicating that the two pairs contain one odd. "Er Yi" is represented by Yin Yang and two fish, each with four hexagrams, meaning "Er Yi gives birth to four elephants"; In a word, the two "four elephants" became gossip, which means "four elephants give birth to gossip". So, what does the black and white dot of the fish in the picture do? From the picture: the north is full of yin, the sun is born, and the yin avoids the sun, so it belongs to the palace. However, why is the sun spiritually rising? This is because there is still a little white in the dark as yang essence, and when the dark moon is full of yin, this yang essence reacts with the sun in Japan and China, thus giving birth to the sun of the other side, thus becoming the basis of yang. Similarly, Yang prospered and rose in the south, while Yang avoided Yin and returned to the palace. When looking at the evening, a little black in the white, as the yin essence, induces the yin in the moon, makes the other party's yin live, and thus becomes the source of yin. Therefore, the black and white points in the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish play an important role in the operation of Taiji diagram.
The Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish can be used not only to determine the orientation of gossip, but also to describe the cultivation of Taoist inner alchemy. Because from a person's whole body, the stem is the first, Kun is the abdomen, the following is the heart, and the heart is the fire, which is the confluence of qi; There is a kidney under the abdomen, which belongs to water and stores essence; Since the birth of human life, the fire has been lit and the water has been moistened. This is the so-called "let bygones be bygones." And do it, with Gan and Kun as furnace ding, and Kan and Li as mercury and lead, so that the fire will drop and the water will rise. This is "knowing people, sailing against the current." Water goes up, fire goes up, fire goes down, fire and water are separated, and the ridge is away from the current month, so the sun and the moon are easy, so we say "easy, countdown." If you watch it with Wang Wen, who is "away from Nankan North" (see Figure 3), if you live away from the east, move the fire to the wooden position, which is "three east, three south, two in five"; Living in the west, that is, moving the water to the golden position, is "the North-West Meeting will be four * * *"; Doing South Kunbei, that is, drawing a hurdle to fill the vacancy, becomes "then the three families meet and have a baby"; Xun lived in southwest Kunming, and his eldest daughter joined Lao Yin, "Huang Po also"; Gen lives in the northwest, together with young men and Lao Yang, "building the foundation"; Living in the southeast, the youngest daughter marries the eldest daughter and hides Sanqi in it, "Ding Qi also"; Zhen lives in the northeast, long men and young men, hiding in it, "medicine also"; Yang Qi was born in the northeast and flourished in the south. From shock to separation to dryness, it is the moon image of the first three times (the third day, the eighth day and the fifteenth day) when the sun is resting and the yin disappears. Born in the southwest and flourishing in the north, from Xun, Kan, Gen to Kun, it is the image of the moon in which the yang disappears and the yin stops. Among them, there is the problem of cultivating temperature, and people with practical experience can understand the profound meaning from it. In short, the transformation from "acquired gossip" to "innate gossip" is the return of Inner alchemy from "acquired" to "innate". People's life, adding fuel to the fire, does not help the image; The magic elixir has been established, and water is on fire, which is a symbol of existing economic benefits; If you keep your spirit and keep yin and yang in harmony, you can live forever. This is "the five elements go straight, and the dharma world is a pit of fire; The five elements are reversed, and the seven treasures of the earth are ","Shun is a stranger, and reverse is a fairy ". A taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish actually illustrates many problems in Neidan's cultivation.
In addition, in theory, the Taiji diagram of Yin-Yang fish also correctly expresses the relationship between Taiji and Yin-Yang and gossip. In the past, Yi Tu had a shortcoming, that is, Tai Chi, Yin Yang and Eight Diagrams were separated from each other. The so-called Tai Chi comes first, and Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments. After giving birth, only two instruments exist, and Tai Chi disappears. Two instruments give birth to four elephants, and four elephants give birth to gossip, so it happens. The appearance of Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish has well handled the relationship between Taiji and two instruments, four images and eight diagrams. Philosophically, this shows the relationship between one and many. In contrast, Buddhism and Neo-Confucianism also have a metaphor on this issue, which is called "the moon reflects Wan Chuan". For example, in the Song of Yongjia Daoism written by Xuanjue, a monk of Zen Buddhism, there is a sentence: "January is full of water and January is full of water", which demonstrates the relationship between the universal "Buddha nature" and the "Buddha nature" in concrete images. They are not two kinds of "Buddha natures", but the relationship between "one is more tolerant" and "one is everything, and everything is one". Although Zhu argued the relationship between reason and things, each individual also said: "This is just the Qi (that is, the encyclopedia of reason), and everything has its own characteristics and Tai Chi." If there is only one moon in the sky, scattered on the rivers and lakes, then it can be seen everywhere. ""Like Wan Chuan reflecting the moon. " (Zhuzi School, Volume 94) holds that the cause of everything is not a part of the ontological cause, but all people who accept the ontological cause. It can also be seen from the Tai Chi diagram of Yin and Yang fish that Tai Chi is not an isolated thing. Taiji is yin and yang, four images and eight diagrams. Although the eight diagrams are different, they are all based on a Tai Chi. By extension, everything is different, but it can all be attributed to Tai Chi. If Tai Chi is used as a metaphor, then everything is the same. Tao Te Ching once said, "Everything is negative and holds Yang". Taoism takes the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish as its symbol, and it also takes this idea. Because Taoism says that everything respects Tao and values morality, and everything can return to Tao, why can everything return to Tao? Because Tao is among all things, you can't live without it for a moment! This also provides an inherent possibility for cultivating immortality and becoming a Taoist.
The taiji diagram of Yin-Yang fish originated from Taoism and has been circulated in Taoist circles for a long time, but its painting method is not well known to the outside world. The painting method of Ancient Taiji Diagram (see Figure 5) has been introduced before, and its painting method is "from the outside to the inside". This painting method can directly see the ups and downs of Yin and Yang and the specific process of their gossip. However, the more formal and common painting method is the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang fish listed in front of China Taoism.
Because the Taiji diagram of Yin-Yang fish contains a lot of knowledge of Taoist teachings and theories, and it itself originated from Taoism, Taoism still regards it as an important symbol of this teaching, although later Confucianism also explained and explained it.