Needless to say, Li Bai's drinking habit has long been a household name. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty originally said that he was "addicted to alcohol and drunk with drinkers every day", "drunk in the temple, enough to make Gao Lishi take off his boots" and "wandering around the rivers and lakes, intoxicated all day long". Most of Li Bai's most famous poems were written after drinking. Du Fu wrote a poem: "Li Bai has hundreds of poems and sleeps in Chang 'an Restaurant. The son of heaven called instead of boarding the boat, claiming that he was Brewmaster. "("Drinking the Eight Immortals Song ") also said that" a thousand agile poems are lost in a glass of wine "("No See "). Tao Yuanming claimed to be "addicted to alcohol, but his family was poor and he always couldn't get it." "From the old understanding, or buy. I got drunk after drinking it. I retired drunk and stayed without hesitation. " (Biography of Mr. Wu Liu) Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming said that "(Yan) should be postponed, leaving 20,000 yuan and Yuanming; Yuan Ming was sent to the restaurant and later took the wine. " Song Shu records that when he was appointed as pengze county, "Gong Tian told me to grow rice (sticky yellow rice for brewing), and his wife invited me to grow rice (that is, japonica rice), so I planted rice at a ratio of 50 mu to 50 mu." Tao poetry 124 (not counting the poems of one couplet and Peach Blossom Garden). According to statistics, there are 55 poems related to wine, accounting for nearly half of the total number of Tao poems. Although it has not reached the point where Zhu Guangqian said that "Yuan and Ming poems have wine", many famous poems are related to drinking; Tao Gong also wrote 20 poems about "drinking" because he "took care of his own shadow alone and suddenly got drunk again. After you get drunk, you can ask a few questions to amuse yourself (drinking preface), which is rich in content and reflects the author's thoughts and feelings in many ways. The fifth song is "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow, Seeing Nanshan Leisurely", which is the most popular work in Tao poetry. When Tao Gong died, he also "wished that he could not drink enough alive" (Elegy 1). It can be seen that drinking is as special and important to Tao Yuanming's life and literary creation as drinking is to Li Bai. Taking Tao Yuanming as the research object, this paper analyzes the differences between Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and Li Bai's drinking poems, which will help us to understand Tao Yuanming's unique personality more deeply.
Reading the drinking poems of Tao Yuanming and Li Bai, we can find that their drinking poems can be divided into two types and two moods. Some poems about drinking pottery are extremely depressed and even depressed, such as "nothing since ancient times, anxiety in thinking;" Why do you call it my feelings? It is muddy wine and cultivation. For thousands of years, I don't know, I will go on forever "("September 9 ") and" I have nothing to say, waving a cup to persuade the lonely shadow. The sun and the moon abandon people and are determined to win; After reading this, I feel sad, but in the end, I can't be quiet "(the second miscellaneous poem); Some are quiet and serene, showing the joy of peace, such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely;" "The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. There is truth in this, and I forgot what I said when I wanted to defend (the fifth part of drinking). " Although I am alone, the cup is empty. When the day comes, the birds will return to the forest. Xiao ao see Dong Xuan, talk about this life "("drinking "seventh). Taibai's drinking poems, such as Into the Wine, Song of Liangyuan, Song of Xiangyang, Difficult Travel, Answering the King on the Twelfth Cold Night, and Drinking the Bright Moon Alone, give people the feeling of being wild, unrestrained and elegant, such as rapids, cliffs and hurricanes, while "drinking for the moon", as far as two people are concerned, drinking pottery poems. From depression to peace and joy, we can see the process of improving the spiritual realm of Yuan and Ming Dynasties, just as Zhu Guangqian said, "from conflict to reconciliation"; However, Li Bai's two drinking poems can be said to be completely opposite, and it is hard to imagine that these two works with completely different artistic conception were written by the same person. In fact, it is not only drinking poems, but also all Taibai poems have two types of works: bold, wild and gentle, which are summarized by some scholars as the gorgeous and feminine poems of Li Bai. Femininity is a "halal" style, which embodies the universal feelings of human beings. Bold and unrestrained poems are highly personalized, showing the unique qualities of Li Bai. The purpose of this paper is to deeply discuss the differences between Tao and Li's drinking poems, so as to help understand Tao Yuanming's unique personality. Therefore, Taibai's drinking poems, which belong to the "halal" poetic style, are not within the scope of this paper. In my opinion, Li Bai's "halal" drinking poems are indeed very similar to Erqing's poems about drinking pottery, but this only reflects the complexity of human nature and the richness of Taibai's poetic style, and cannot be used as a basis to deny the great differences between Taibai's drinking poems and drinking pottery poems. Therefore, the Taibai drinking poem mentioned in this article is only in terms of its magnificent style.
The basic style of Taibai's drinking poems is bold, magnificent and arrogant, full of restless emotions, which is consistent with the author's consistent artistic style; Tao Yuanming's drinking is gentle, deep and quiet, which is also the main feature of Tao's poems. It can be seen that neither Tao Yuanming nor Li Bai's drinking poems are works divorced from the main style in their respective creations. Their drinking poems have the same artistic style as other poems, and also reflect the author's life character. Just as no one will regard Taibai as Yuanming or Yuanming as Taibai, we will never confuse their drinking poems. Li Bai's drinking poems have the majestic momentum of "How the water of the Yellow River moves to the sky, enters the ocean and never returns" ("into the wine"), but they are as small and exquisite as "the mountains and rivers are shallow" (the fifth of "Returning to the Garden"). Li Bai is a heavy drinker: "Give me 300 bowls and take a big drink!" " (Into the Wine), Ten thousand coppers for a barrel of wine, many laughs (ditto), 300 cups a day for 36,000 days in a hundred years (Xiangyang Song), 300 cups of fine wine (the fourth part, Drinking the Bright Moon alone), and the pure wine fee is a golden cup, and ten thousand coppers are a hip flask (the first) At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, I suddenly drank a glass of wine (the first part of drinking), I went for a glass of wine alone (the same as above, the seventh part), I made a glass of wine for pottery (the eighth part of miscellaneous poems) and I can chat over a glass of wine (back to my old residence). Taibai's anxiety and anxiety, "I threw my food bar and cup aside, I couldn't eat or drink, I pulled out my dagger, and I peeped in four directions in vain" (the first part of Hard to Walk). The wine was too strong, and he lost his mind. He said something illogical and crazy, such as "Looking at the duck's head in Hanshui from a distance is like the first batch of grapes." If this river melts spring wine, it will build bad hills "("Xiangyang Song ")," If the sky doesn't love wine, the wine star is not in the sky. If the land doesn't love wine, there shouldn't be Jiuquan (drinking the bright moon alone). Finally, it's dizzy. "If you are drunk, you will lose your world, but you will be lonely" (drinking Mingyue III alone), and you need to "wash your face with water" (New Tang Book). Yuan Ming, however, was calm and deep when he was worried about drinking. He is worried about drinking his "Wave a Cup to Persuade a Lonely Shadow" (Miscellaneous Poem 2) and "Into a Cup" (Responsible Son), and he is happy to drink his "Drink my newly cooked wine, only the chicken". He never gets drunk when drinking. Even though he said that he "amused himself by doing a few questions after getting drunk" ("Drinking Order") and "made drinks as much as he could, and then got drunk when it was done" ("Biography of Mr. He is always sober and clear-headed. When a person understands his encounter, he no longer doubts his own death ("Drinking", the first part), "Good fortune is rewarded, and Uncle Yi is in the western hills". If you don't agree with good and evil, why can't you just talk? (ditto, second) "If you are not poor, who will pass on the immortal?" (same as above) "There is truth in it, but I forgot to say it when I wanted to argue" (same as above, fifth), "I am proud of being under the East Pavilion, and I can return to this life" (same as above, seventh), "This life is like a dream." And * * * this drink is too happy to drive back (ninth). When alcoholism turned into "sinking" and he couldn't extricate himself, he reflected: "Don't give up, today is rich." I'm pregnant and I feel guilty. "("Mr. Murong ") issued a" hate is more fallacious, should forgive intoxicating people "("drinking "volume 20), and tried to give up drinking ("drinking "poem). It can be seen that Tao Yuanming is tasting wine, Li Bai is drunk, the taster is quiet, clear, slow and heavy, and the drunk is dynamic, turbid, fast and impetuous. Xi 'an in Qing Dynasty said: "In ancient times, Yuan and Ming were the most important drinking, followed by Taibai. If Ruan Ji and Liu Ling are involved, they will be immersed in their bodies. Tao Gong's poem "Drinking" shows that the prince's love is not in official business, but in the official business. Taibai still has Yu Bo's qi in his chest, not as good as Tao Gong. Yuan Ming's Bank of China, a Taibai madman, has a high status and the same words. He said it from the heart and believed it! " .
Li Bai was drunk, dancing, full of energy, and often used the language of drinking and having fun, but he did not feel decadent and dissolute, but showed tenacious and enthusiastic vitality; Yuanming's wine tasting, either depressed and desperate, or indifferent and happy, all seem soft and powerless, or destroyed by the suffering of reality: "I have nothing to say, waving a cup to persuade the lonely shadow." If the sun and the moon abandon people, they will be invincible. I am sad to read this, but I can't be quiet in the end. "(Miscellaneous Poems II)" If you can't get it, you can hurt it! Everyone gets what they want, but they lose it when they are stupid. There is nothing you can do about it! It's Tao Yizhen. "("Miscellaneous Poems "Eighth Series)" Nothing has happened since ancient times, and reading is in my heart; Why do you call it my feelings? It is muddy wine and cultivation. I don't know for a thousand years, and I will never finish talking. "("September 9th ") or only by giving up clinging to life and not caring about life and death, can we get happiness:" There is metabolism in summer and winter, so is human nature. If a person understands his encounter, his death will no longer be suspected; Suddenly with a bottle of wine, I am very happy every day. " (The first part of "Drinking") "I don't know that I am here, I know that things are precious, and I am leisurely, and the wine has a deep taste." (ibid., p. 14) "Where the universe is, there is little life, and there is a hundred. Time is pressing, and the temples are already white. It would be a pity not to appoint a poor man. "It can be seen that Li Bai's drinking will always be vigorous and optimistic, while Tao Yuanming's drinking will always be weak and pessimistic. Their drinking poems are completely opposite in artistic style and artistic conception.
Both Tao and Li drink because of the pain in their hearts, so they drown their sorrows by drinking. Li Baiyou's "Five flowers and ten thousand horses, thousands of gold and jade, give it to the boy in exchange for good wine, and you will be worried for ever" ("Into the wine"), "Singing and getting drunk and masturbating" ("Nanling children don't go to Beijing"), "The ancients didn't have time to worry when they reached their destiny, and the wine climbed the stairs" ("Song of Liangyuan"), "The stage was full of guests' worries, so they wrote Liangyuan. Reason can also be helpless, and it is Tao Tao (the eighth of Miscellaneous Poems) "There is nothing since ancient times, so read it urgently; Why do you call me sentimental? Turbid wine is self-made "(September 9th). Zhu Guangqian said: "He wants to use alcohol to suppress his extreme depression and forget all kinds of things in the world that are not his heart. "However, just as the mood of two people drinking is very different, the reasons for their sadness are also very different.
Li Bai has always regarded himself as a politician, and his life pursuit has always been "to apply reason, to say reason, and to seek the skill of the emperor." I am willing to help my intelligence. Enlarge the area of atlas and make Hai Xian county clear. The way of doing things is done, and the meaning of honor is done. Then, with Tao Zhu and Liu Hou, it is not difficult to wander around the five lakes and fight in Cangzhou "("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's biography "). Therefore, Li Bai was a political figure all his life, and everything he did was to achieve political success. Like many writers in ancient China, Li Bai's original intention was not to be an essayist and become famous by poetry. For him, literature is a means and tool to expand his influence and make himself famous in the world. It is a hobby of entertaining people and a way to relieve depression, but it is not the ultimate goal of life. Li Bai, who likes to show off, almost never shows off his great achievements in literature, but always boasts his political talents. Therefore, the frustration of pursuing political fame is the root of Li Bai's pain. In order to solve the great pain in his heart, he indulged in drinking and having children. Li's preface to the collection of thatched cottage records that when Bai was in the imperial court, "the emperor used it to be sparse" and he "wandered around and drunk himself to make himself dizzy and dirty". Later he was "dismissed" from the palace. He is a vagrant and drinks all day. "("Old Tang Book ") In his poems when he was drunk, there was always such a remark:" Drink the wine of salt and don't learn from the nobles "("Song of Liangyuan ")," What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I won't wake up after being drunk for a long time. The sober people and sages in the old days have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized "("Into the Wine ")," Enjoy a bar while you are alive! I don't care if my fame will survive! " (it is hard to go, the third) "Being rich is not expensive, but being poor is not sad ... Young people have long wanted to go to the Five Lakes. When they saw this, they were relieved by Zhong Ding ("Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King and Drinking Alone ")." Contemporary people don't like drinking, so it's called an "("Drinking the bright moon alone "("Xuanzhou Xie Lou Farewell the school book Uncle Yun ") praises the life of hermits. In fact, these are all angry words, satires and lies. It is precisely because he attaches too much importance to political fame and sage integrity that he can't forget it. So the more he couldn't get it, the more sad he became, so that he vented his anger by cursing. With these words, he regained his spirit and devoted himself to the real struggle for political fame. This process of "pursuing-disillusioning-venting-continuing to pursue" can be said to be a cyclical pattern in Li Bai's life, and it is also the emotional routine of many of his famous poems, such as Xiangyang Song, Liangyuan Poetry, Drinking, Soliciting the Bright Moon II, III, IV and Difficult to Walk III. From Li Bai's drinking poems, we can see his real literary talent and real pain, but we can't see his real ideal and value orientation. So Li Bai is a fake wine, and finally he said angry words, irony, lies and even crazy words. He drank from beginning to end in order to get drunk and forget his troubles. After he drowned his sorrows by drinking, his inner contradictions and pains were temporarily resolved, and he had the courage and strength to face the reality again. He put the glass aside and didn't need any more wine. However, the poems he wrote after drinking left a deep impression on people with their wild momentum and unrestrained literary talent, but his drinking poems and drinking behaviors were not as profound and rich in ideological connotation and spiritual sustenance as Tao Yuanming.
Tao Yuanming, like Li Bai, may have just drunk to drown his sorrows at first, but the reason for his pain is different from Li Bai's. His attitude towards drinking has changed twice-or his spiritual realm has improved twice-which made him change from "sad drinking" to "happy drinking" and finally "surpass drinking".
Yuan Ming's attitude towards politics is opposite to that of Li Baizheng. He is not keen on politics and never wants to be an official. He said that he "loves mountains and nature" (returning to the garden house, the first part), "I don't want to farm for generations, but my career lies in fields and mulberry" (miscellaneous poems, the first part), and "business songs are not my business, but I want to farm together" (Xin Chou took a vacation in July and went back to Jiangling for a night outing), so as to "feel no pity and poverty." Therefore, Yuan Ming was never a political figure. Many ancient people and modern people moved out of the political events during the Jin and Song Dynasties (such as Sima Daozi, Yuan Xian's power of father and son, Huan Xuan's rebellion, Emperor Wu's usurpation of the throne, etc.). ) to explain the Tao poet, but Yuan Ming himself never mentioned these things. He was a nobody at that time, unlike Li Bai, who had close contacts with the upper class and even the emperor himself. The officials he knows are at best secretariat officials and at best acquaintances. They often associate with farmers or state and county officials, such as Cao, thief Cao, master book and long history. The high-level political struggle has nothing to do with Tao Yuanming, except the poem "Drinking Wine", which is still puzzling. There is no evidence in Tao's poems that he cares about state affairs. Therefore, it is necessary to put aside political factors when studying Shi Tao and Yuan Ming. I think Yuan Ming's pain comes from two aspects: first, he is probably born introverted, sentimental, indecisive and very homesick. He can't bear to take part in social life and run around, so he has two poems: The Mid-May of Gengzi, The Night Tour of Xin Chou's July Vacation Back to Jiangling, and The Tukou. In these poems, we can see that as long as he holds public office and is a social person, he is very miserable, but as long as he can go home and live a life far from social contacts, he will be very happy. What he yearned for was a life of "reciprocity, loving each other, and then seeing friends again" (the first part of "Gengzi is still blocked by the wind in the forest in mid-May") and "being interested in fields and Japan, although the door is often closed" ("Hui Ci"), but he "strayed into the dust net" because of poverty, family interests or public pressure. Secondly, people who are introverted and unsociable tend to be more thoughtful, and so do people with depth. He often thinks about life and death, the brevity of life and the eternity of nature, and the happiness and misfortune of fate. According to my statistics, among the existing 124 Tao poems (not counting the poems of One Couplet and Peach Blossom Garden), 47 involve philosophical thinking about life and death, accounting for more than one third. This statistic is based on the content of life and death that only appears directly and literally. Although it is not explicitly stated, it can be seen that there are more Yuanming works that are really thinking about life and death, and it is estimated that there are more than drinking poems. Almost all Tao poems contain thoughts about life and death. "Life seems illusory, and it will eventually be empty" (Return to the Garden, Part IV), "Today's cuteness, why is it declining" (caring for the thief Cao with Hu), "If life is sent, it will sometimes languish" (Murong), and "Life has no roots and floats like dust on a stranger. It's unusual to drift away from the wind "(Miscellaneous Poem, the first part)," Life will have an end, and there will always be nature "(drinking rain and dew alone)," Everything is different, and life is not tiring "(September 9th, Ji You New Year), and" Life is less than a hundred. Over time, the sideburns have turned white "(drinking (15))," If you live, you will die, and you will be forced to die sooner or later "(Elegy (1)) ... Yuan Ming doesn't believe in the immortality of the soul. He told the same truth repeatedly in quite a few poems: when you die, you are nothing, and no one can escape this sad and terrible fate. This made him very painful: "There is nothing since ancient times, and I am worried about it." (September 9) "I'm sorry to read this, but I can't be quiet in the end." (Miscellaneous Poems) It is precisely because of these two kinds of pains that Yuan and Ming once indulged in wine, such as "Don't talk when drunk" ("Together"), "Don't think if you dial it, just wave it when you talk" ("Return to your hometown"), and "Be happy when you are happy, and fight for wine to get close" (Miscellaneous Poems is treated by Yuan and Ming at this stage, although the reasons for anxiety are different. His drinking behavior has no profound and rich ideological connotation and spiritual sustenance. However, due to the tenderness and fragility of Yuanming's personality, unlike Li Bai's overeating, Wang Yang's drinking poems are overflowing and magnificent, such as storms, but they are slow drinks in small cups. His drinking poems are deep, quiet, gentle and gentle, like a continuous drizzle; Unlike Li Bai, who is strong and optimistic, he cheered up after venting his anger and threw himself into the real struggle. Instead, he blindly fell into pessimism and depression, and the more he drank, the more worried he became.
Because Yuan Ming drank too much, alcoholism "became a kind of stagnation, which not only made him more fallacious, but also delayed his career and hindered his illness", so Yuan Ming introspected: "If you give it to that boy, you must be humble. After a long time, the industry will not get old. If you don't give up, you will be rich today. I am pregnant and guilty. " (Murong) Take "abstinence from alcohol" as a kind of self-vigilance. At the same time, because he was so sad, he felt very wronged at the thought that "the prime of life is gone forever, and it is difficult to get up in the morning again" (the first part of Miscellaneous Poems) and "the ancients cherished an inch of shadow, which made people afraid" (the first part of Miscellaneous Poems), and he "mistakenly fell into the dust net for thirteen years" (the first part of Return to the Garden). I lived a dream life of seclusion and practice, thus gaining peace of conscience and real happiness. As the saying goes, "You can only return to nature if you are locked in a cage for a long time" (Return to the Garden, Part I), and "Although you haven't measured your working years, you are thankful for many things" (Tian She, who missed the past at the age of four, Part II). After retiring, Yuanming's life is simple, simple and full of interest, mainly farming, reading, attending classes, making friends and going out for an outing, and drinking is one thing that runs through all these life contents. In Yuan Ming's later life, wine has been integrated into every corner of his life and has become a part of Yuan Ming's life. Therefore, he can't live without wine every day. No matter what happens, he will drink: when he is sad, "shake the cup to persuade the lonely shadow" (the third part of Miscellaneous Poems); When he is happy, he "licks my newly cooked wine" (the fifth part of Return to the Garden); After farming, "work hard to be a neighbor" (the second part of Tian She in Gui You in Spring); After harvesting, "fighting for wine and plastering" ("Geng Xu wins early rice in the west field in mid-September"); When he moved to a new house, he "had wine to worry about" (the second part of Migration); When he returned to his former residence, he "spoke at a glance" ("Back to his former residence"); Seeing that the younger son is stubborn, he "enters the cup" ("responsibility"); Seeing that the child is cute, he "cooked and poured the wine" (the first book of He Guo); With friends, he "blooms with green wine" ("Everyone Travel"); When alone, "talk from the Tao" ("99"). Drinking at this time is not only a means to drown one's sorrows for Yuan Ming, but also has an eternal significance. He said: "There is real meaning in this. I want to argue and forget to say it." (The fifth part of drinking) True meaning is the true meaning of life. And he also said: "if a person understands his encounter, his death will be beyond doubt;" Suddenly, I had a drink and I was very happy every day. " Yao Yao interprets "meeting" as "where reason lies". I think this "encounter" is the "true meaning" of the other party. Yuanming realized the true meaning of life, nature and universe in rural life, so he drank happily with a cup. This is the stage of "music drinking" in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Drinking is closely related to his life choice of seclusion in the countryside. The more he drinks, the more isolated he is from society, the more determined he is to be a hermit, and the more he can find happiness in rural life. The second kind of poetry about drinking pottery was written at this time. He said, "Forgetting things is far from me" (the seventh part of Drinking). He said, "You can learn honestly, but you are not fascinated! And * * * I like this drink, and I can't drive it back "(the ninth time). Drinking can be regarded as a concrete manifestation of Yuan Ming's ultimate spiritual pursuit. He felt the joy of finally finding his home in a secluded country, so he said, "There is no light in a strong wind, and this shadow is unique." "I have got what I deserve, and I can't violate it for a thousand years." ("Drinking" Part IV)
In Yuan Ming's three most philosophical works Shadow God, we can see his transition from "sad drinking" to "happy drinking". Shadow gift is a portrayal of his drowning his sorrows in wine and indulging in revelry. Because this is not a long-term solution after all, there is shadow-to-shadow criticism, which shows that Yuan Ming has entered the stage of "happy drinking". It should be noted here that Yuan Ming's thought of "seeking fame by goodness" is not the kind of harmony in Zoroastrianism: Yuan Ming's "goodness" is the peace of his conscience and does not seek to show it to the public. Yuanming's "fame" is a moral honor based on the peace of his conscience, not his criticism of "taking care of the world's fame" (the third part of Drinking). Yuanming's seclusion in pastoral areas is not to give up his reputation, but to perfect it in the most upright and innocent realm. He said: "Don't forget the festival of poverty, and pass it on to the immortals" (the second part of drinking), "I'm afraid it's not a famous plan, so I'll take a break and drive back to seclusion" (the tenth part of the same story), and He Chao commented in Qing Dynasty that "the festival of poverty is also afraid of falling". It can be seen that Yuan Ming still pursues a good reputation. His seclusion, cultivation and poverty alleviation are all aimed at making himself worthy of the name and acting like a human being.
When "drinking poison to quench thirst", Yuan and Ming were in an immoral state, such as "having fun, fighting for wine to get close to each other" (the first part of Miscellaneous Poems) and "How can I be ashamed of myself?" For thousands of years, I don't know, I will talk about it forever "(September 9, I was one year old). He adopted a completely desperate and decadent attitude towards life. When he "enjoyed drinking", he turned to the realm of perfecting morality and lived a life that he thought was the true meaning of life. However, after becoming a morally perfect person (sanctified), the spiritual realm of Yuanming was promoted to the realm beyond morality (becoming a god), which is what is said in the Interpretation of God. The realm of "do what you should do and leave it alone" is just like the "harmony between man and nature" pursued by China's ancient philosophy, which is the highest realm of heaven and earth among the four realms of life. In Zhuangzi's words, this state is "bereavement" (Zhuangzi's theory of everything), "broken heart" (Zhuangzi's life) and "forgetting" (Zhuangzi's great master). In the words of Confucius, it is "meaningless, unnecessary, unsound and egoless." (The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) or "emptiness", "meditation" and "nirvana" as Buddhism says. Yuanming himself has a poem saying, "If you don't know me, it's more important to know things safely. You are fascinated, and the wine tastes deep. " (Drinking Fourteen) This is Yuan Ming's Beyond Drinking. At this time, what he drank was not the material wine itself, but the "deep taste" shown in the transcendental realm of selflessness and the integration of heaven and earth. In my opinion, this kind of "deep taste" is a higher-level way to understand life, nature and the universe than "true meaning" and "society": "true meaning" and "society" belong to human beings and are lofty morals, while "deep taste" belongs to God, which has surpassed human morality and integrated with all things in nature. Lu Xun said that the poet was "completely detached from the world, and there was no such thing", but Tao Yuanming, like many philosophers and religionists, also reached this state, but at this time he was no longer a poet. When he said that "there is real meaning in it, and he has forgotten what he said when he wanted to argue", he didn't really "forget what he said, because these two poems were written in the language of employing people, but transcended human morality and reached the realm of transformation. Therefore, Yuan Ming had three kinds of drinking in three spiritual realms in his life, but there was no third kind of drinking poem.
Zhu Guangqian said: "Yuan Ming's attitude is the same as that of many poets who have hobbies (referring to drinking), such as Ruan Ji, Li Bai and Omar Kangyan of Persia. ) in modern times, it seems to be' escape'. We can't blame the ancients with the concept of modern people, but' escape' is indeed a fact. " It is an escape from reality for Li Bai to drown his sorrows by drinking, but the result of his depression is that he continues to be involved in reality, so his escape is temporary and false, and what he said after drinking is not true. However, Yuan Ming is really escaping and has been divorced from reality for a long time in drinking. No matter what kind of drinking, Yuan Ming is turning to his inner life and seeking relief in his personal world. He speaks the truth after drinking. No matter what he feels is the true meaning, the encounter or the deep taste, everything he says in drinking poems is from the heart. The drinking poems of Tao and Li are as different as their ideological characters: Li Bai is confident, proud, bold and optimistic; Tao Yuanming is introverted, inferior, weak and pessimistic; Li Bai is full of vitality, lacking the depth of meditation and introspection, and his thoughts are profound and heavy. Coupled with his fragile nature, he is "always worried".