History of construction Yixing was called Jingyi in ancient times and belonged to Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (221 BC), the county was established and Jingyi was renamed Yangxian County. From the second year of Tai'an to the fourth year of Yongjia (303-310) in the Western Jin Dynasty, the imperial court established Yixing County in recognition of Zhou Qi (the eldest son of Zhou Chu) for his three-pronged volunteer army to quell the rebellion. In the ninth year of Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (589), it was renamed Yixing County and belonged to Changzhou. In the first year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign in the Song Dynasty (976), in order to avoid Zhao Guangyi's taboo, it was changed to Yixing County and belonged to Changzhou. In the fourth year of Yongzheng reign in the Qing Dynasty (1726), it was divided into two counties: Yixing and Jingxi. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Jingxi County was abolished and merged into Yixing County. From June 1949 to January 1953, it belonged to the Changzhou Prefecture. From January 1953 to February 1956, it belonged to the Suzhou Prefecture. From February 1956 to March 1983, it belonged to the Zhenjiang Prefecture (renamed Zhenjiang District in March 1967). It has been under the jurisdiction of Wuxi City since March. In January 1988, Yixing County was abolished and Yixing City (county-level city) was established.
Geographical location Yixing City is located at 31°07′～31°37′ north latitude and 119°31′～120°03′ east longitude. It is located at the southwest end of Jiangsu Province, in the center of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou Triangle. It is connected to the Taihu Lake in Suzhou to the east, Changxing County of Zhejiang Province to the southeast, Guangde County of Anhui Province to the southwest, Liyang City of Changzhou City to the west, and Jinjin City of Changzhou City to the northwest. Tan City is adjacent to Wujin District of Changzhou City in the north. Ganhu Lake is embedded between Yixing and Wujin, and three lakes (Dong Lake, Tuan Lake, and West Lake) accompany the east and west sides of Yicheng in the urban area. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, with low mountains and hills in the southwest. The highest peak in the city is Huangtading, with an altitude of 611.5 meters. The east is Taihudu District, which is suitable for growing various vegetables; the north and west are plain areas and low-lying polder areas respectively. Yixing is the main producing area of ??grain and oil crops. The city has a total area of ??1996.6 square kilometers and an urbanization rate of 64.75%.
By the end of the year, the city has two national-level development zones - China Yixing Environmental Protection Technology Industrial Park and Yixing Economic and Technological Development Zone, and one provincial-level development zone - Jiangsu Yixing Ceramics Industrial Park. There are 213 administrative villages and 97 communities. The total registered population is 1.0829 million, including 534,100 males. There were 9,704 births throughout the year, with a birth rate of 8.97‰; 8,303 deaths, with a mortality rate of 7.67‰; the natural population growth rate was 1.3‰; the family planning rate was 99.84%, the one-child rate was 80.25%, and the sex ratio at birth was 109.58 (100 for women). There are 42 ethnic minorities with 10,942 people (including migrant ethnic minorities). Yixing Municipal People's Government is located at No. 8, Taodu Road, Yicheng Street.
Natural resources Yixing is rich in resources and has a lot of land that can be developed and utilized. There is abundant precipitation, dense rivers and lakes, and abundant water resources, with a water area of ??532.6 square kilometers. There are 30 natural lakes (excluding Taihu Lake). There are 27 types of proven minerals including limestone, marble, quartz sandstone, coal, peat, etc. The unique pottery clay of Shushan is the best raw material for making purple clay utensils. With timber forests dominated by bamboo, pine, fir and other species, it is the area with the richest bamboo forest resources in Jiangsu Province. With a tea tree planting area of ??74,900 acres and a total tea output of 6,331 tons, it is the main tea producing area in Jiangsu Province. There are hundreds of wild birds such as wild ducks, orioles, orioles, wild mammals such as wolves, wild boars, hedgehogs, and squirrels, and dozens of aquatic products such as whitebait, crucian carp, grass carp, clams, and crabs.
Local products Yixing has mountains, rivers and rich products. The pottery produced is well-known at home and abroad, especially the purple clay pottery, which enjoys the reputation of "Pottery Capital". The hilly and mountainous areas are rich in a variety of famous and high-quality teas, chestnuts, moso bamboo, bamboo shoots and bayberry. "Yangxian Purple Bamboo Shoots" tea was designated as tribute tea in the Tang Dynasty, and braised bamboo shoots with bacon (pickled fresh) is a Yixing specialty dish. Heqiao dried tofu is salty but not salty; Xushe's small crisp candy, a tribute from the Qing Dynasty, is sweet but not greasy; Yangxiang scallion pancake is crispy and delicious, with a moderate sweetness and saltiness; Guanlin meat cake is fragrant, sweet, soft, and endless aftertaste; Gao Cheng The pork belly is fragrant and has a unique taste; the Fangzhuang mutton is delicious, and the white-cut cooked mutton is dipped in sweet sauce, which makes people have endless aftertaste; Zhangzhu Dabaiguo has a large core, less bitterness and good waxiness; Gehu crabs The shell is green, the belly is white, the meat is full, and the crab meat is fat, fragrant and fresh; the "three delicacies" of Taihu Lake, white fish, white shrimp and whitebait, are delicious and nutritious; the lily of Du District is known as the "ginseng of Taihu Lake"; wild The mushroom Mushroom is delicious and has high nutritional value; Yixing black rice is fragrant and glutinous, and has the effects of improving eyesight and hair loss.
Meteorological and climate characteristics: The annual average temperature is 16.1 degrees Celsius, which is the same as normal. The average temperature in January is 1.3 degrees Celsius higher than normal, and in July is 2.2 degrees Celsius lower than normal. The other months are close to normal. The annual extreme minimum temperature is -8.9 degrees Celsius, which occurs on January 2; the annual extreme maximum temperature is 38.9 degrees Celsius, which occurs on August 3. The temperature is obviously low from June to August, but there are continuous high temperatures from the end of July to the beginning of August. There were 160 rainy days throughout the year, 26 days more than normal. In Yixing’s meteorological records, it was second only to the 167 days in 2012. The total annual precipitation was 1845.8 mm, 551.3 mm more than normal, setting a new annual precipitation The most recorded; from the perspective of monthly precipitation distribution, except for January and March, which were less than normal, the other 10 months were all above normal. Among them, June and November had abnormally high precipitation, which was the two highest rainfall in the same period of the year. More than times; there were 7 heavy rains throughout the year, and the maximum daily precipitation was 116.5 mm, which occurred on May 15.
There are 12 days with high temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius and 30 days with thunderstorms throughout the year, both of which are close to normal. Typhoons "Chanhong" and "Sudeluo" have a moderate impact on Yixing City, which is close to normal. The annual sunshine hours are 1484.9 hours, which is 349 hours less than normal, setting a new record for the lowest annual sunshine hours.
Climate characteristics of the four seasons: Winter (December 2014-February 2015): The temperature is slightly higher than normal and the precipitation is less. The average winter temperature is 4.7 degrees Celsius, 0.1 degrees Celsius higher than normal. Among them, the temperature in December 2014 was abnormally low by 1.5 degrees Celsius, while in January and February it was 1.3 degrees Celsius and 0.5 degrees Celsius higher respectively. The precipitation in winter was 163.2 mm, which was 25.4 mm less than normal. Among them, precipitation in December 2014 was significantly less than normal, with moderate snowfall on January 28, and 2 cm of snow accumulation.
Spring (March-May): The temperature is slightly higher and the precipitation is obviously more. The average spring temperature is 15.5 degrees Celsius, 0.3 degrees Celsius higher than normal; the spring precipitation is 429.7 mm, 120.9 mm higher than normal. Among them, the precipitation in May was 196.1 mm, nearly twice that of the same period in normal years.
Summer (June-August): The temperature is obviously lower, the precipitation is obviously more, and the sunshine is less. The average summer temperature is 25.7 degrees Celsius, 1.1 degrees Celsius lower than normal. The temperature in July is most obvious, 2.2 degrees Celsius lower than normal. The total precipitation in summer was 860.6 mm, which was 312.7 mm, or nearly 60%, more than normal. The precipitation in June and August was significantly higher than normal. In addition, the plum season begins on June 21 and begins on July 13. The plum season lasts for 22 days, and the plum rain volume is 245.5 mm, which is 30 mm less than normal.
Autumn (September-November): Temperatures are normal, but precipitation is significantly higher. The average temperature is 17.5 degrees Celsius, close to normal year-round. The precipitation was 341.4 mm, 72.1 mm more than normal. Among them, the precipitation in November was 136 mm, more than twice the normal amount, and there were 18 rainy days in this month, which was unusually high.
Yixing is a nationally renowned Taihu Lake Scenic Area, Yangxian Scenic Area, China's Excellent Tourism City, National Garden City, and National Historical and Cultural City. There are many karst caves in the southern mountainous area with strange scenery. More than 80 have been discovered and 5 have been developed and opened. Among them, Shanjuan Cave and Zhanggong Cave were opened to the public in 1934. There are 8 national AAAA-level scenic spots: Shanjuan Cave Scenic Spot, Bamboo Sea Scenic Spot, Longbeishan Forest Park, Tuanjiu Scenic Spot, Tao Zushengjing Scenic Spot, Zhanggong Cave Scenic Spot, Yunhu Scenic Spot and China Yixing Ceramics Museum (China Zisha Museum). There are the Zhouwang Temple built in the Jin Dynasty (to commemorate Zhou Chu, the general of Jin Pingxi), the Dongpo Academy of Shushan built by Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty and the Xifu Begonia of Zhakou Tianyuantang planted by himself, the Wenchang Pavilion built in the Ming Dynasty, and the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty. There are also cultural attractions such as the Ying Garden built during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period and the Fuwang Mansion renovated during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Cultural Relics Yixing has a long history, with more than 7,000 years of pottery making history and more than 2,200 years of county founding history. Our ancestors were industrious and simple, leaving behind many cultural relics. The Xixi site in Xushe Town is a large-scale settlement site during the Majiabang Culture period. It reflects the peaceful and natural life of our ancestors who worked at sunrise and rested at sunset six or seven thousand years ago. The Luotuodun site excavated in 2002 represents the Neolithic archaeological cultural characteristics of the transition from the mountains to the plains in western Taihu Lake. It is of great significance to the study of the ancient civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It was listed as one of the six major archaeological discoveries in China in 2002. Zhupo Mountain in Xizhu Town was once a residential area during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In 1984, the Han Dynasty canoe unearthed in Wuqiao Village was collected by the Nanjing Museum. The Guoshan Monument, built in the first year of Wu Tianxi's reign in the Three Kingdoms (276), is known as the "No. 1 Monument in the South of the Yangtze River". The Ming Dynasty dragon kiln in Dingshu Qianshu is the only ancient dragon kiln still in use in the country. By 2016, the city had 135 cultural protection units and 156 sites at all levels. Among them, there are 6 national key cultural relics protection units and 11 sites, 13 cultural relics protection units and 23 sites in Jiangsu Province, and 116 cultural relics protection units and 122 sites in Yixing City. The city has 4 national-level intangible cultural heritage projects, 13 provincial-level projects, 21 Wuxi municipal-level projects, and 28 Yixing municipal-level projects; there are 3 representative inheritors of national-level intangible cultural heritage projects and provincial-level inheritors. 12 people, 81 inheritors at the Wuxi municipal level, and 108 inheritors at the Yixing municipal level.
Ceramic Culture Yixing is a famous historical and cultural city for ceramics in China. As far back as 7,000 years ago, our ancestors began to make pottery. Various ancient pottery vessels and fragments from the Shang and Zhou dynasties have been excavated in Dingshu and other places. Luotuodun site and Yixing kiln site are listed as national cultural relics protection units. Purple clay, fine pottery, uniform pottery, celadon and beautiful pottery are known as the "five golden flowers" of ceramics. Zisha teapots, in particular, are famous at home and abroad for their unique clay texture, shape and simple natural beauty. The "Gongchun" pot for spring worship in the Ming Dynasty, Shi Dabin's three-legged "Ruyi" pot, and Xiang Shengsi's "Holy Pottery Cup" are all national first-class cultural relics and are collected in the National Museum, Wuxi Museum and Nanjing Museum respectively. Yixing pottery is both practical and ornamental. Zisha works have won many awards internationally and domestically, and some works are used as gifts for international exchanges.
By the end of 2016, the city had 10 Chinese Arts and Crafts Masters, 23 Chinese Ceramic Art Masters, 68 Jiangsu Province Arts and Crafts Masters, and 58 Jiangsu Province Ceramic Art Masters (some of whom have won two or more titles); There are 6,245 people with professional and technical titles in arts and crafts, including 100 researcher-level senior arts and crafts artists and 243 senior arts and crafts artists. Yixing (Purple Clay) is a traditional arts and crafts industry base in Jiangsu Province recognized by the Provincial Economic and Trade Commission.
Yixing Celebrities Yixing has natural treasures and outstanding people. There have been nearly 400 Jinshi in the past dynasties, including 4 Number One Scholars, 5 Number Two Scholars, and 1 Number Three Scholar; there are 10 Prime Ministers and 15 Generals. During the Jin Dynasty, Zhou Chu was both civilized and military. He was the protagonist of the famous "Zhou Chu eliminates three evils" known to women and children. He was a model of abandoning evil to do good and serving the country with loyalty. His "Yangxian Fengtu Ji" is the earliest record of local customs and customs in China. one of the works. Chen Qingzhi, a general in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was brave and good at fighting and became a famous general of his generation. Lu Xiang was promoted to a famous anti-Qing general in the late Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Pu had been in the cabinet for 12 years and had outstanding political achievements. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhou Yanru won two titles in a row (Huiyuan and Zhuangyuan), and later served as the chief minister of the cabinet twice. In terms of culture and art, Yixing is rich in talents. Jiang Fang in the Tang Dynasty, Jiang Zhiqi and Jiang Jie in the Song Dynasty, Wu Bing in the Ming Dynasty, and Chen Weisong in the Qing Dynasty enjoy high reputations in the history of Chinese literature. The writer Jiang Fang's "The Biography of Huo Xiaoyu" is widely circulated; the poet Jiang Jie's poem "The cherries are red, the bananas are green" has become a famous line through the ages. Together with Zhou Mi, Wang Yisun and Zhang Jun, they are known as the "Four Great Masters of the Late Song Dynasty"; drama Wu Bing, the author of "Five Kinds of Charm Flowers", whose "Green Peony" and "The Story of the West Garden" are repertoires of Yue Opera and Kun Opera; Chen Weisong was the leader of the Yangxian Ci School in the late Qing Dynasty and participated in the compilation of "History of the Ming Dynasty". Together with Wu Chahan of Wujiang and Peng Kujin of Yunjian, they are also known as the "Three Phoenixes of Jiangzuo". Modern times are a gathering of humanities. Yixing is known as the "Hometown of Professors" and there are more than 100 university presidents from Yixing. Among them are Zhou Peiyuan, former vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a famous physicist and former president of Peking University; Jiang Nanxiang, the former minister of higher education and former president of Tsinghua University, who is known as the "double star on the same street"; and Yu Zhaozhong, the former president of National Taiwan University. They are the twin brothers of the "Gemini Constellation" - Shi Shaoxi (formerly known as Shi Shaohua), an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a famous physicist, and the former president of Tianjin University, and the famous educator Shi Shaoxi. There are also many academicians from Yixing. By the end of 2016, there were a total of 27 academicians of the "two academies" from Yixing, including 13 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhou Peiyuan, Tang Aoqing, Pan Shu, Shi Shaoxi, Zhu Hongyuan, Zhu Jiming, Wu Haoqing, Zhang Zong, Cheng Rongshi, Zhu Bangfen, Chu Junhao, Wu Yueliang, Zhang Xu), 14 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (Zhou Jing, Sha Qinglin, Xue Mingqiu, Cheng Tianmin, Chen Taiyi, Wu Zhongru, Tang Xisheng, Chen Guoliang, Gao Dingsan, Huang Ruisong, Chen Zhinan, Ren Nanqi, Ding Rongjun, Zhu Beiwei). Yixing enjoys a high reputation as the "hometown of calligraphy and painting". Xu Beihong, the outstanding painter and art educator who is the founder of modern Chinese art, is well-known at home and abroad. A number of painters such as Wu Guanzhong, Wu Dayu, Yin Shoushi and Qian Songyan also enjoy high reputations. In terms of music and opera, there are many famous artists. Among them are Chu Shizhu, a disciple of Liu Tianhua who participated in the compilation of "Collection of Liu Tianhua's Compositions" and "Collection of Music by Blind Man Bing"; Jiang Fengzhi, a disciple of Liu Tianhua who served as the former deputy dean of the China Conservatory of Music; famous erhu performer Min Huifen; singers Cheng Jingzi and Zhang right. In terms of press and publishing, there are Xu Lingxiao, who was famous in the newspaper industry in the early 20th century and was known as the "Three Heroes of the Newspaper Industry", Pan Zinian, one of the organizers and president of "Xinhua Daily", and Xu Zhucheng, one of the founders of "Wenhui Po" and a famous journalist , "Guangming Daily" editor-in-chief Chu Anping, "People's Daily" senior reporter Wang Jinfeng and other newspaper celebrities. In terms of sports, there are Ding Junhui, who ranked first in the World Taiwan Federation in 2015, Bian Lan, the main player of the Chinese women's basketball team in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the team champion of the Asian Women's Basketball Championship and the Asian Games, and Tan, the three-time Paralympic women's sitting volleyball team champion. Yanhua and other sports stars. There are also many celebrities in the political circles: Pan Hannian, the former deputy mayor of Shanghai, an outstanding leader of the hidden front, cultural front and united front in the history of the Communist Party of China; Chu Jiang, the former secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China; the former minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry Zhou Jiannan; former Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and former Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China; Jiang Zhuping, former Governor of Heilongjiang Province; Shao Qihui, former Governor of Heilongjiang Province; Zhou Xiaochuan, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and President of the People's Bank of China; Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, National Religious Affairs Wang Zuoan, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Bureau. In the military sector, there are nearly 30 soldiers from Yixing with deputy military rank or above. Among them are Ma Suzheng, former deputy commander of the Engineering Corps, Xie Guang, former deputy director of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and with the rank of lieutenant general, Zong Shunliu, former deputy commander of the Shenyang Military Region of the People's Liberation Army and the rank of lieutenant general, and former director of the General Staff Office of the People's Liberation Army. , Zeng Yucai with the rank of major general, and Zhao Zhongqi, former political commissar of the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution and rank of major general, participated in the military parade marking the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Huang Ming, chief of staff of the 16th Group Army, who was the leader of the heroic model force formation. Major General rank) and Deputy Political Commissar of the 1st Group Army Zhou Xigan (Major General rank). In the diplomatic community, there are former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Sha Zukang, former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and former Chinese Ambassador to the United States Zhu Qizhen, former Chinese Ambassador to Canada and the United Kingdom Cha Peixin, etc.
People's Life The city's annual per capita disposable income of residents was 37,326 yuan, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year. Among them: 46,092 yuan for urban residents, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year; 23,709 yuan for rural residents, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year. The city's residents' annual per capita living consumption expenditure was 23,968 yuan, an increase of 8.4% over the previous year.
Among them: 28,767 yuan for urban residents, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year; 16,771 yuan for rural residents, an increase of 11.8% over the previous year. The per capita housing construction area for urban residents is 47.5 square meters, and the per capita housing construction area for rural residents is 71.48 square meters. The consumer price index for the whole year was 101.7, an increase of 0.3 percentage points from the previous year. Among them: the service price index was 101.5, an increase of 0.6 percentage points from the previous year; the consumer goods price index was 101.7, the same as the previous year; the retail commodity price index was 101.5, an increase of 0.9 percentage points from the previous year.