1. Bao Puzi called crabs "heartless sons".
2. "Ren Xinyu's Birthday" contains Bi Zhuo: "Holding a crab claw and a wine glass and taking a shot in the floating wine pool is enough for a lifetime!"
3. Su Shi calls himself "the satrap of Wuzhong Zen", and Su Shi has a poem: "You can laugh at the satrap of Wuzhong Zen, and one poem is worth two tips." "Don't live up to Lushan Mountain, don't live up to your stomach without eating crabs."
4. Don Yan Qian's poem "Crab": "A heartless child is called a beauty, and the Buddha's decree forbids any mischief."
5. Lu Guimeng has The Story of Crab, Yang Wanli has Bad Crab Fu, Gundam Sun has Songjiang Crab Fu, Zheng has Crab Fu, You Dong has Crab Fu, and Feng Zikai has Crab Eating in Mid-Autumn Festival.
6. Zhu Xuanxian's traditional Chinese painting "Beachhead Double Chelates".
7. In the thirty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, I wrote a crab poem by Xue Baochai: "Guiyin sits with her face up, and Chang 'an looks forward to Chongyang. There is no latitude and longitude in the road ahead, and Piri is black and yellow in spring and autumn. " .
8. Lu Xun said: "People who eat crabs for the first time are very admirable. They are not warriors. Who dares to eat? "
9. Tang Meng flavor: Crab, mainly for clearing heat, treating stomach qi, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals, and promoting digestion. Eating vinegar is good for limbs.
10. Diet spectrum of fun life: crab, sweet, salty, cold, nourishing bone marrow, benefiting limbs, nourishing liver and yin, nourishing gastric juice, nourishing tendons and promoting blood circulation. Claws can induce labor and abortion. Classic of Materia Medica: It is suitable for people with traumatic injury and blood stasis.
1 1. Materia Medica: It is extremely windy and inedible. Compendium of Materia Medica: Crabs should not be eaten with persimmons and Schizonepeta, causing cholera. Materia Medica: People with cold and slippery spleen and stomach, abdominal pain and aversion to heat and cold should not eat salty food.
12. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Crabs and persimmons are cold and should not be eaten together, causing diarrhea and abdominal mass.
13. Resting Diet Spectrum: Crabs, polyphagous people, those suffering from wind and cold accumulation, pregnant women and those suffering from middle-qi deficiency and cold, those with unclear concept of time, and those with excessive phlegm and diarrhea are all taboo. Prevent nepeta, and avoid eating persimmons, which is mistaken for abdominal pain and vomiting. Don't record: Master Crab Pliers miscarried.
14. Compendium of Materia Medica: Crab claw abortion, giving birth to stillbirth. Originated from "Simplified Formulas of Lakeside Collection". Crab is a folk experience in treating damp-heat jaundice and can be used as an adjuvant therapy.
According to legend, thousands of years ago, there was a fierce beetle with eight legs and two claws in the rivers and lakes. Not only stealing rice, but also catching people with claws, so it is called "catching people and insects". Later, Dayu went to Jiangnan to control water and sent a strong man, Plo, to supervise the work. In order to thank Plough for being the first in the world, everyone added the word "worm" under the word "Xie", which means that Plough conquered the worm and was the first person to eat crabs in the world. This is a legend, there is no source. There was a crab disaster in Shaoxing one year. People have tried many methods, but they have not solved them. Later, an informant gave us a way to get a broken tank, and then inject salt water into the tank to wait for the crab to climb in, so that the crab was killed. When people can't handle these crabs, they are the first to stand up and eat crabs in front of everyone and praise them for their delicious taste. In this way, the "first person to eat crabs" was described as a brave person, a Shaoxing person. In addition, Bao, a modern writer, wrote a textual research on the history of hairy crabs in his later years and quoted Wu Naishi, a collector of ancient books in Suzhou, as saying: "Anyone who catches crabs must set up a door in the harbor, and the door is made of bamboo. At night, a lamp was placed horizontally on the gate. When the crab saw the lamp crawling on the bamboo gate, it was very convenient for him to grab it. This is the name of the crab. " Building a "bamboo gate" should be a hard name, and Iraq is actually a "bamboo gate". Many people know that during the Lala Six Dynasties, a fisherman in the lower reaches of Wusong River invented "Shanghai" and planted bamboo fences in Lala River Shoal to stop fish and crabs at low tide. In the Tang Dynasty, because "Tiger Capital" often appeared as a place name in Lashio Prefecture, in order to avoid conceptual confusion, fishermen renamed Naiyi as "Fu" according to the function of "Shanghai" as a way out for fish and crabs, so Lu Guimeng clearly put forward in the Preface to Fishing Gear that "Shanghai and Wu people are now called Fu". Thank you, "Ba" is still a traditional fishing gear in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. The Modern Chinese Dictionary explains Yi Dieneng as follows: "Bamboo fences are inserted into the water to catch fish, shrimps and crabs." Because "Ba" is never called "Zha", the statement that "hairy crabs" are named after fishing tools is untenable. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Yi wrote "Guang Ya", saying: "Xian, Xuan Ye; Tang Xian also. Glottis. " Lu Gu, a Suzhou scholar during Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty, wrote in Lalai Jiaqing Lu: "lake crab takes advantage of the tide, fishermen catch it, transport it into the city, give it as a reward, or entertain guests with wine. There are' nine females and ten males', which means the umbilical cord is good in September and the pointed umbilical cord is good in October. Soup is edible, so it is called' crab'. " In Guang Chen, people who sell crabs go into the city to peddle along the street and keep shouting "crabs, crabs, crabs", which has become a landscape in autumn. "Zuotuo" refers to cooking. "Zuotuo" is still listed as a variant of "frying" in Xinhua Dictionary, and it is interpreted as "boiling food in oil or water to make it cooked". Crabs are usually eaten by friends, so everyone is called Yi "Crab". A long time ago, a boy from Wusongjiang River on the Huangpu River produced a big, fleshy "Clear Water Crab", which was called "Big Crab" by Shanghainese. Probably because the word "fresh" is relatively uncommon, the homophonic "hairy crab" has gradually replaced the "big fresh crab" and has been in use ever since. In the final analysis, "hairy crabs" are named after cooking methods. China has a long history of eating crabs, and crab dishes are constantly developing. There are famous crab dishes in different periods. The ancients praised the delicacy of crabs. In the Tang Dynasty, Don Qian Xuan wrote Crab: "It's full of cooked vegetables, and the orange sauce is delicious. When a barrel is full of rubies, a pair of pliers will give off a crisp fragrance. " Qing Li Yu said, "The crab is fresh and fat, sweet and greasy, white as jade, yellow as gold, and its color, fragrance and taste have reached the extreme."
"Li Zhoutian Guan Yi people": bubble people's palms * * * six animals and six birds to identify their names. After his death, all the fresh things were eaten by the king. He was ashamed of what he recommended and the food for his descendants. After this passage, Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty noted: "A shameful act is eaten at four seasons. If it is a fish in Jingzhou, it is a crab in Qingzhou. " What is a "crab"? In Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Xu is interpreted as "crab paste", which means "meat paste", and Xu means crab paste.
Xu crab is the earliest crab-eating species recorded in historical data. Because sauce was popular in the diet. It can be seen that the ancients ate crabs from the beginning. Later, with the continuous development of material and cooking technology, eating crabs has also undergone great changes. The ancients not only ate crabs. There are many ways to eat crabs, and the famous dishes of crabs are constantly appearing.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the famous crab dish "Crab Yellow with Deer Tail" was produced. Then there are famous crab dishes such as rotten crab and sugar crab. In Song Dynasty, Lu You chanted the bad crab like this: "Old friends forget each other for a long time, children love each other for a long time, and they are drunk and have no regrets. It seems that he is heartless. "
In the Sui Dynasty, there was a famous dish called Goujinlong Phoenix Crab. According to the Qing Dynasty, this dish is made of dragons, phoenixes and flower clouds carved with gold foil on the shells of bad crabs and sugar crabs. According to legend, this luxurious and famous crab dish was created by Yang Di. Sugar crab is also a famous product in Sui Dynasty. According to the Qing records: "Emperor Yang Di was lucky in Jiangzhou, and Wuzhong contributed sugar crabs." In the Tang Dynasty, sugar crabs were more popular, and later this crab dish was a tribute. Huang Tingjian once wrote a poem "trehalose dissolves fertilizer, Lao Jiang termite alcohol". Su Shunqing also said: "Frosted orange and sugar crabs are new and beautiful, so that everything in life is not smooth?"
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the famous dish of crabs was "hand-washed crabs". According to "Dream in Tokyo" and "Crab Book", this dish is made by washing live crabs, adding seasonings such as salt, wine, ginger, orange peel and pepper, and washing your hands before eating. According to "Old Wulin Stories", when the queen returned to the province, the emperor gave fourteen banquets (only one less than the emperor's own royal banquet to reflect the difference between the emperor and the queen), and the tenth time was "washing hands and crabs". It can be seen that "hand washing crab" was already a famous dish in the palace at that time.
There is also a famous crab dish "stuffed crab with orange" in Song Dynasty. According to the introduction of Shanjia Qing Palace, the method of making "crab-stuffed oranges" is to pick out crab meat, put it into hollowed oranges, put it into retort, and steam it with wine, vinegar and water. Make food with vinegar and salt. This dish was also a famous dish in the palace at that time. According to "Old Wulin Stories", eight of the fourteen banquets given by the emperor when the queen returned to the province were "stuffed oranges with crabs".
Crab balls in Ming and Qing Dynasties are also famous crab dishes. According to Zhu Yizun, a writer in the early Qing Dynasty, crab balls are made from crab meat, Jiang Mo, egg white and other seasonings, and steamed in a bamboo tube.
The ancients ate crabs, in addition to the famous crab dishes recorded in the world, there were also folk "rough eating" at will. According to records, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jin people ate crabs with crab claws.
Among the crabs eaten by the ancients, it is also worth mentioning the "Eight Crabs". "Eight Crabs" is a tool for eating crabs. According to relevant written records, the earliest inventor of eating crab utensils was a man named Cao Shu in Ming Dynasty. He first created three tools to deal with crab shells, namely hammer, knife and pliers, and later developed them into "Eight Pieces of Crab". According to Kao Chi, there were eight kinds of crab eating tools in the early Ming Dynasty, namely, small square table, waist hammer, long-handled axe, long-handled fork, round-headed scissors, tweezers, drill and spoon, which were referred to as "eight crabs" for short. "Eight Crabs" is specially designed and made for eating crabs. Therefore, they have many functions, such as buffering, knocking, dividing, forking, cutting, clamping, picking and holding. For example, when serving crabs, first put a crab on a small square table, beat all parts of the whole crab with a hammer, then cut off the crab feet and claws with a round head and eat from the feet. And to eat crab claws, you must use a drill. Although crab's feet are slender, they are very active, and active meat is delicious. If there is no drill, you have to bite or chew the crab's foot with your teeth. Eating crab claws with a drill is much more elegant and interesting than eating crab claws with teeth. It was the most reserved way to eat crabs in ancient times.
Compared with "holding a glass in your right hand and a crab claw in your left hand", "eight crabs" is the "literary way to eat". "Wenchi" has the joy of "Wenchi". It is said that it takes an hour to "eat" a crab. "Eight Crabs" eating crabs was very popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Crab is delicious in food, and it is known as the folk proverb "A dish of crab is served". It is not only delicious, but also nutritious, and it is a tonic with high protein.
According to the origin, it can be divided into four types: river crab, river crab, lake crab and sea crab. The crabs produced in Panshan County, Hebei Province and Tianjin are the most famous, and the crabs produced in Nanjing are the best. The crabs produced in Liangzi Lake, Yangcheng Lake, Weishan Lake and Gaochun Gucheng Lake in lake crab are of good quality. Sea crabs are distributed in the northern and southern waters of China. Generally speaking, from south to north, March-May and September-65438+1October are the peak seasons for production, and Liaodong Peninsula in Bohai Bay has more output from April to May. Portunus trituberculatus is one of the important export bestsellers in China, and it is exported to Japan, Hong Kong, Macao and other countries and regions. Export ports: Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian.
There are a lot of crabs from August to September, especially when sorghum is red, which is the best time to eat crabs. There is a saying of "seven points and eight circles". The crab's head and breastplate are round, brown-green, with long and dense claws, flat and long sides and sharp tips. The crab meat is white and tender and delicious. 1, hairy crabs in Gucheng Lake
This crab is produced in Gucheng Lake in Gaochun District, Nanjing. It has always been known as the crown of crabs. The waters of Gucheng Lake are hundreds of miles of Fiona Fang, with blue waves and lush water plants. The crabs grown here have special features in appearance and meat quality. Their meat is tender, delicious and nutritious. The crab in Gucheng Lake contains protein 14g, iron 13mg, riboflavin 0.7 1mg and vitamin A5960 international units per 100g meat. In the early years of the Republic of China, Shi Jinmo, one of the four famous doctors in Beijing, once compared the crab in Gucheng Lake to the first crab in the world and the first scholar in the world.
2. Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs
This crab is produced in Yangcheng Lake, Suzhou, Jiangsu. It is a famous and famous product in China at home and abroad, and also the first famous aquatic product trademark in China, China. Yangcheng Lake hairy crabs have always had the reputation of being the best among crabs. Yangcheng Lake, with rippling blue waves, clear water like a mirror, hard water depth, lush aquatic plants, wide extension and pleasant climate, is the most ideal "Crystal Palace" for crabs to settle down and grow. The hairy crabs produced in Lianhua Island of Yangcheng Lake are authentic Chinese mitten crabs in the Yangtze River basin. Due to the excellent aquatic ecology, the crabs produced in Yangcheng Lake have the characteristics of crispy shells, full limbs and huge individuals.
3. Yangtze hairy crabs
There are natural wild hairy crabs in the waters from Anqing to Wuhu, Anhui Province, which are of excellent quality and the best among crabs. Because the survival rate of wild crab seedlings is very low, the output is extremely limited, and the fishing cost is very high, so the price is very expensive. However, in Wuhu, Anhui Province, there are artificially raised wild hairy crab seedlings, the quality and taste are similar to those of wild Yangtze hairy crabs, and the taste is very good.
4. Liangzihu Hairy Crab
Hairy crabs in Liangzihu Lake, Ezhou, Hubei Province, are cultivated in an ecological way, and the products are marked with the origin. "Jiangxia poetry is in the ages, and the crabs on the shores of Liang Zi Lake are fat." The year before last, Yu improvised poems at the opening ceremony of the Cultural Festival, which made lake crab famous. Liangzi Lake is the second largest lake in Hubei Province, and two thirds of the water surface is in Jiangxia District. The lake is clear and the water quality reaches the second-class standard. The crabs produced are big, white, fresh and delicious. In 2004, "Liangzi" brand liangzi lake river crab was awarded the product of origin protection, and its trademark was awarded the title of "Hubei Famous Trademark" successively. Products are favored by consumers, selling well all over the country, and exported to South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, earning 5 million US dollars annually. Liangzi Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Hubei Province, with the second largest lake area in the province. It is the hometown of Wuchang fish, which is famous at home and abroad. The crab culture area of Liangzi Lake is nearly six times that of Yangcheng Lake in Suzhou, and the output is twice that of Yangcheng Lake, and the water quality reaches the national second-class standard. Eating crabs in Liangzi Lake is a must.
5. Tianjin purple crab
This is a Chinese mitten crab, which is very small, only the size of a button. Uncover the crab cover, the crab yellow is purple in pig liver, and it turns orange after cooking, which is very delicious. Purple crabs are all produced in cold winter, so they are often used in assorted hot pot.
6. Laizhou crab
This crab is a famous specialty of Yexian County. Because Ye County was the seat of Laizhou Prefecture in ancient times, the name of Laizhou Big Crab has been passed down to this day. Laizhou crab has three protrusions on its back and nine serrations on its front side. The last tooth is particularly long and looks like a shuttle, so it is commonly known as "Portunus trituberculatus". This kind of crab is delicious and tender. The largest female crab weighs 0.75 Jin. The egg pieces of the female crab, the cream of the male crab, the white muscles in the claws and the meat of the hind legs of the big crab are even more delicious and unforgettable.
7. Portuguese fish
Swimming Crab in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province: This crab is white in color, tender in meat, greasy and delicious, and superior to sea crabs.
8. Nanhu crab
This crab is produced in Hangjiahu Net area of Zhejiang Province, and is famous for its big body and beautiful meat. In the past, lake crab here relied on natural breeding, and it was caught and listed in flood season every year. Artificial breeding and stocking have been started, and some achievements have been made.
9. Junshan Lake Hairy Crab
Junshan Lake Qingshui Hairy Crab is famous for its "green back and white belly, golden claws and yellow hair, huge size and delicious taste". It is a famous aquatic product brand in China, and the winner of Poyang Lake system. At the 2004 Yangtze River Eriocheir sinensis Exhibition, "Junshanhu" crab defeated "Yangcheng Lake" in Jiangsu Province, and won four laurels, such as King of Crab and Queen of Crab, in the competition of eight awards. Every year, thousands of tons of crabs come out of Junshan Lake and continuously flow to the dining tables of citizens in Nanchang, Hangzhou, Hong Kong and other domestic cities. They are not only sold well in China, but also exported to Japan, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions.
10, Crab in Qiushui Lake, Minquan County
Quan Min river crab is pure natural, original ecology, pollution-free, high quality, big meat, yellow hair, golden claws, plump, delicious and nutritious. Therefore, Minquan County was named "China Crab Town" by China Fishery Association, and it is famous in Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha, Jiangsu, Xi, Wuhan, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and other cities. Once exported to South Korea; In 2002, he won the gold medal in China (Shangqiu) Agricultural Products Expo, and in 2004, he won the first aquatic gold medal in China (Zhengzhou). Minquan County has been designated and awarded successively as "Key Fishery County in Henan Province", "Crab Breeding Base in Henan Province", "Advanced County in Fishery Work in Henan Province", "Healthy Breeding Demonstration Base of Ministry of Agriculture" and "Pollution-free Aquatic Products Breeding Base in Henan Province".
1 1, Eriocheir sinensis in Panjin
Panjin river crab is called Eriocheir sinensis in the north and hairy crab in the south. It belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda, Reptilia, Anura and Eriocheir sinensis. It is a famous freshwater crab in China, with the largest crab production in China. Panshan County, Panjin City is the largest producing area of river crabs in China, and is known as the "Crab Capital", which is directly related to the geographical environment of Panjin. The growth characteristics of Panjin river crab are: raw seawater and long fresh water. Panjin faces Liaodong Bay in Bohai Sea, with vast sea area and plenty of seawater, where river crabs can "live". At the same time, the inland abundant freshwater resources and abundant aquatic plants enable the river crabs to "grow". Panjin is known as the "Southern Wasteland" in Liaoning, with swamps, beaches and pits all over the territory, criss-crossing rivers, and millions of acres of Tang Wei contiguous. More importantly, there are more than 20 small and medium-sized rivers in Panjin City, all of which are connected with the Bohai Sea, so that the "life and growth" of crabs can swim freely.