-Appreciation of Yongmei's Ancient Poems (Ⅱ)
Wang chuanxue
During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yongmei's style lasted for a long time, and famous poets in various dynasties all had Yongmei's representative works. Especially in this period, a large number of poems on paintings emerged. Many painters enthusiastically painted plums, but also left Yongmei's masterpieces on the screen.
Among the poems on paintings, Mo Mei, written by Wang Mian, a painter of the Yuan Dynasty, bears the brunt:
? The trees in Xiyan Lake near my home are covered with pale ink marks in full bloom. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
Wang Mian was a famous poet and painter in Yuan Dynasty. Mo Mei is an inscribed poem, written by the poet for the Mo Mei he painted. Mo Mei is the plum blossom of ink painting. Poets praise Mo Mei and Dont Ask For Help, just to leave a fragrance of virtue to the world. In fact, he used Mei as a metaphor to express his attitude towards life and his noble sentiment of not being kitsch.
In the Qing Dynasty, Ai once said: "Song people painted plums, mostly thin and shallow. Zhiyuan cooked Shishan Nong (Wang Mian) at the beginning, with easy-to-use flowers and thousands of clusters, graceful and graceful, and the fetus was looming. Therefore, these flowers are unique. " This "Mumeitu" is the masterpiece of countless flowers. This picture shows plums hanging upside down, with dense branches and scattered back and forth. The branches are covered with dense plum blossoms, which are in bud, in full bloom or dotted with residual English. On the positive side, there are various things, such as thousands of jade beads scattered on silver branches. The white Jiehua and the iron hit each other, with fresh breath and deep plum blossom rhyme. The branches are depicted as a bow and an autumn moon, which is quite imposing. The distribution of plum blossoms is full of rhythm. Long branches are sparse, short branches are dense, transverse stamens are particularly rich, and petals are simple and free.
The first two sentences, "West Wild Goose Lake is the first tree in my family, and bloom is a pale ink mark", directly describe Mo Mei. In the painting, the plum trees by the pond are in full bloom, and the plum blossoms are stained with a faint ink color. "West Wild Goose Lake" is the allusion of Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool, and the water in the pool is all black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, so he says "my home".
Three or four sentences praise Mo Mei's moral integrity. It is painted in light ink, although its appearance is not exquisite, it has a beautiful, noble and dignified, secluded and detached inner temperament; It doesn't want to attract people, please people and get people's praise with bright colors. It just wants to send out a fragrance and let it stay between heaven and earth. These two sentences are the poet's self-portrayal. The poet was born in poverty, herding cattle during the day and studying hard under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night. Finally, he learned a lot. He is good at poetry and painting, and he is versatile. However, he tried every time and didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he decided to be rich and famous, and lived in seclusion in Jiulishan, East Zhejiang, drawing rice for a living. The phrase "not praised by lewdness, but only for your breath" shows the poet's character of being vulgar, independent and not seeking fame.
This poem, titled Mo Mei, is intended to express one's ambition. Poets organically combine painting style, poetic style and personality, literally praising plum blossoms, but actually appreciating their own virtue of establishing a person. "Plum blossom painting must have plum blossom spirit, and people are as clear as plum blossoms." People praise Wang Mian like this. Wang Mian in reality, just like the plum blossom in his works, is unyielding and narcissistic. According to legend, because Wang Mian's paintings are particularly good, the local county magistrate and a powerful rich man are eager for his name, and several attempts to see him have been rejected. Finally, the county magistrate personally went to the countryside to see him. When he heard the news, he quickly hid, and the county magistrate was turned away. Therefore, the poem Mo Mei not only embodies the style of plum blossom he painted, but also embodies the poet's noble taste and indifferent mind to fame and fortune, which clearly shows his loyalty and pure ethics of not flattering the world.
Look at Wang Mian's bridled eyebrows;
This body is in a forest of ice and snow, different from peaches and plums. Suddenly, the fragrance of the night was scattered like a dry spring in Wan Li.
This poem eulogizes Bai Mei's noble character. She grew up in a snowy winter, proudly open, not to be confused with peaches, plums and flowers. Suddenly one night in bloom, the fragrance spread all over the world. Poets are not only chanting things, but also singing people's spiritual character.
This is also a work to express one's will by holding things. By virtue of the noble plum blossom, the poet expressed his lofty ambition of sticking to his own sentiment and not colluding with the secular world. In the poem, the ordinary peaches and plums are compared with Bai Mei in the snowy forest, thus setting off the elegance and agility of plum blossoms.
Tao, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Painting Ink Eyebrows":
Chu Shi's home is an isolated mountain with a bright moon. The lake is cold and saturated with jade. It seems that the vertical and horizontal pens and iron rings of the seal have become flowers.
The poet described the plum blossom in the painting as an iron ring, which highlighted the heroic spirit of plum blossom in full bloom despite the cold.
Feng Zizhen, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem "Plum Blossoms in West Lake":
Yulin, next to Su Lao dike, and the romantic scenery of Six Bridges are bosom friends. Let him compete for happiness, not prosperity.
The whole poem describes the beautiful plum blossoms on the West Lake, and is bosom friends with the breeze and bright moon. It does not compete with peaches and plums for quiet and pure beauty, and does not change the inner elegant and noble quality for prosperity, expressing the poet's love and praise for plum blossoms.
Feng Zizhen also wrote a poem "Yuanyang Mei":
It is better to look at the cold pond in the shadow. I'm just worried about drawing a corner and blowing it away. The film hurts the most.
The poem describes the plum blossoms by the cold pond, which are in pairs, just like the beauty of a mandarin duck. ? "Only the corner is blown away and the shadow is scattered." It's a pity that the horn of the barracks blew away the petals of plum blossoms, which is the saddest thing. It is a metaphor for the disaster caused by the turbulent war and expresses the poet's sadness about current events.
Among Yongmei's poems in Ming Dynasty, Gao Qi's Plum Blossom Poem is the first.
Qiongzhi is only planted in Yaotai, who planted it everywhere in Jiangnan. In the snow-capped mountains, nobles lie down, and under the moonlight, beautiful women come in the forest. Cold depends on the thin shadow rustling bamboo, and spring covers the residual fragrance and desert moss. Since I went to Helang, there is nothing to recite, and the east wind is sad several times.
Gao Qi was a famous poet in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and Yongmei was an important theme in his poems. This poem writes that plum blossom has a kind of spirit, which comes to the world and lives in the deep snow-covered mountains. Only in the spring of the forest with a cool breeze and a bright moon can we see its delicate and touching appearance. The shape of plum blossoms under the moon is so noble and noble! In the poem, Xue and Mei are regarded as a pair of beautiful women of Gao Shi, creating an isolated and hidden plum blossom image. Snow accompanied Mei, pregnant with Mei's strength and nobility; Snow is plum's lining, which also shows plum's beauty and affection. ? "The cold is like a thin shadow, and the spring covers the fragrance." The poet integrates his life experience and psychological changes into the plum blossom image, giving it a brand-new emotional connotation, which is embodied in his anger at loneliness, his fear of parting and his friendship with his old friend. He broke the repetitive and monotonous Yongmei pattern since the Song Dynasty and opened up a new world for the development of Yongmei's poetry. The new changes of Gao Qi's plum blossom poems to tradition are mainly manifested in strong theme color, complex images and profound philosophical thinking.
Liu Ji, who is also known as "the great poet in the third day of Ming Dynasty" with Song Lian and Gao Qi, also wrote a poem called Mo Mei:
Peach can be purple and apricot can be red, and dust is full of fear of evening breeze. Struggle is like the bottom of Luofu Mountain, with a touch of cold moonlight shining on it.
Liu Ji was a strategist, politician and writer at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and was the founding father of Ming Dynasty. In his poems, he compared plum blossom with peach blossom and apricot blossom, which highlighted the elegance of plum blossom and expressed his admiration for it.
On Painting Plums by Fang Xiaoru, a Poet in Ming Dynasty;
At the beginning of the light snow, the moon and the pool disappeared, and two or three branches were seen from the fence. The fragrance reaches the heavenly heart, but it is not known to ordinary flowers and trees.
Fang Xiaoru's Painting Plums describes the beauty of plum blossoms when the light snow disappears, and describes the beauty and fragrance of plum blossoms. "Fragrance spreads to the heart of heaven", and the fragrance of plum blossoms overflows the world, expressing the poet's love and praise for plum blossoms.
Re-look at Painting Plums by Xu Wei, a Ming Dynasty painter;
I haven't seen the plum blossom spectrum. I have my own god. If you don't believe me, try a thousand trees, and the east wind makes spring.
Xu Wei is both a painter and a poet, which can be described as both poetry and calligraphy. This poem was painted by the poet for his own "Mo Mei". Poets never refer to or have never seen plum blossom music. The plum blossoms they painted are all handy, but they have both form and spirit, and each has its own charm. If you don't believe me, please look at thousands of trees in Qian Qian. They are still bare in winter, and when the east wind comes, they infect Chun Lv.
Free and easy, free and interesting, this is Xu Wei's creed of writing poetry, painting and even being a man, which has created his character characteristics of advocating freedom and caused his character distortion and self-harm and humiliation.
Judging from this poem, it seems to tell people not to stick to some rules and regulations, but to be diligent in practice and make bold innovations. The phrase "the east wind blows and spring comes" was originally used to describe the creative method of "not sticking to one pattern" and advocating the laws of nature. Now it is also used to describe the vibrant and lively scene of spring, which is a hymn of spring.
Yongmei also had many excellent poems in Qing Dynasty. Please look at two Yongmei poems by Yuan Mei, a poet in Qing Dynasty:
Generally, high curative value is always selfless, and mountains have north and south. It just makes people pity the old rain, and the most open branch is the next year.
(Selected from Four Poems of Mei)
In order to cherish countless branches, scissors shake the clouds. Think carefully, no one gave me a gift, and I also provided a book window for my companion.
(Choose one from "Two Poems of Folding Plums")
The poem praises the selfless opening, decoration and cheerful mood of plum blossom, and shows the love, cherish and appreciation of flowers.
Yuan Mei was a famous poet and a scholar in Qing Dynasty. He used to be a magistrate in Jiangning and other places. After resigning, he lived in Jiangning and built a garden on Xiaocang Mountain. Yuan Mei advocates that poetry should express one's mind directly, learn from nature, emphasize originality and draw nutrition from folk language. He has two quotations from Yongmei: "The bright moon shines on bamboo into a thousand words, and first frost Gao Mei is pregnant with flowers." "Only inform thousands of trees flow incense, shall not be carried aboard. Inspired by people's language.
Li, a painter in the Qing Dynasty, also wrote Painting Plums:
The ink mark on the paper is new, and the plum blossom is the cutest. I am willing to ride the wind to the distance, and my hometown will be a spring.
Full of ink and wash, the paper looks like several blooming plum blossoms, beautiful plum blossoms. I hope the wind will blow you to thousands of families, and you can be seen in front of and behind the house, so that every family can enjoy your fragrance and feel the warmth of spring.
The plum blossoms painted by Li are "hard to see" and "the best in the world". It is stubborn and indulgent, not rigidly stick to form, but vigorous. When painting plum, it is cut without cutting, portrayed without carving, which is in line with the nature of plum, and there is no artistic experience of artificial carving.
Li Yehuan's painting style. He "laughs at himself as a fool", despises tradition, despises authority, and loves to draw a storm circle, thus pinning his unyielding spirit of resolutely fighting against the harsh environment.
In Li's works, gale is a symbol of indomitable spirit, but it is only one aspect of the painter's character, reflecting his struggle with evil forces. On the other hand, he cares and sympathizes with the lower classes. The natural wind in "Tit Mei" is completely different from the gale, which shows his sympathy for the working people.
Ning, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "Early Plum":
Beautiful and colorful, shameful and effective, look at the spirit from the end. Deep in the western hills, under the pale cliff, you don't need to borrow springs when you count.
This poem begins with the word "early", which is implicit and profound. Plum blossoms are ashamed of competing to open like a hundred flowers in the sunny spring breeze, but proudly open under the pale cliff deep in the mountains in the cold winter, praising plum blossoms' fearless spirit of not being afraid of the cold.
Jin Nong, a famous painter and painter in Qing Dynasty and the head of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics, wrote a poem "Painting Plums":
The older Lao Mei gets, the more energetic she is. If there is someone in Shuidian Mountain Building. It's very cold and full, if I know that Mingyue is my predecessor.
Jin Nong's Painting Plum depicts Ao Shuang's tall and straight, beautiful and refined, praises the purity of plum blossom as beautiful as the bright moon, and expresses the poet's love for plum blossom.
Re-look at The Eye-catching Yongmei by Nalan Xingde, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty;
Don't compare Qionghua to even makeup, even makeup is like a white dress. Another quiet, natural standard, Mo Near East Wall. Jade bone, ice muscle, talent desolate. Poor night, cold smoke and bright moon, thin shadow through the window.
Jade bone, plum blossom ice muscle, open and cold, quiet and noble, natural standard, not interacting with vulgar flowers, has always been appreciated by poets. Therefore, every poet in poetry uses plum blossom as a metaphor for human character. This article is also an ode to the unity of flowers and character. In this ode to Bai Mei, the poet shows a self-sufficient and lonely character and feelings by appreciating Bai Meiya's lonely and noble character and sympathizing with her lonely and sad situation. However, there is no lack of detachment and self-appreciation, sadness and self-adaptation, which entrusts the poet's soul and produces the artistic effect of "lofty and elegant taste"