1, have: it means "sick", and it is often followed by a noun indicating illness. This is the most popular saying and is often used in spoken English. I remember that my brother and sister both had severe asthma attacks when they were children. I remember that my brother and sister both suffered from severe asthma when they were children.
Take/catch: both can mean "sick" and both mean "infected". Americans use take more, and British people use catch more. Mary catches colds easily. Mary catches colds easily.
3. Contract: A more formal term of "disease", often used in written language. Example: The patient may contract the appendix, in which case surgery should be considered. The patient may have appendicitis, in which case surgery should be considered.
4.get: often say "sick", followed by a noun indicating disease. I think she has epidemic meningitis. I suspect that she has epidemic meningitis.
Sufferer from: often used to mean "sick", followed by a disease noun, often used in the dialogue between doctors and patients. Example: Is there anyone in your family who gets a subsidy for the same eye disease as you? Has anyone in your family had the same eye disease as you?