wangyue
Appreciation 1
Du Fu's poem "Looking at the Mountain" has three poems, which are divided into Dongyue (Taishan), Nanyue (Hengshan), Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about looking at Dongyue Mount Tai. In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began to live a wandering life of "Qiu Ma Qing Kuang". This poem was written when he traveled to Qi and Zhao (today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places in the north). It is the earliest existing poem by Du Fu. The lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of young Du Fu.
There is no word "looking" in the whole poem, but every sentence is written to look towards the mountains. The distance is from far to near, the time is from morning to dusk, and we look at the mountains and think about the future climbing of the mountains.
The first sentence "How is Mr. Dai Zong?" It describes the excitement, wonder and admiration that I felt when I first saw Mount Tai. I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. It is very expressive. Dai is the alias of Mount Tai. Because it ranks first among the five mountains, it is revered as the Dai Zong. "How is your husband?" means how is it? The word "husband" is usually a virtual character used at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese prose. It is a new creation and unique to incorporate it into the poem here. Although the word "husband" has no real meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "lifelike portrayal is in Adu".
"Qilu is still young" is the answer I came up with after some speculation. It is really an astonishing sentence. It does not say that Mount Tai is high in the abstract, nor does it describe it with general language such as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", but writes his own experience ingeniously - in the ancient Qi and Lu kingdoms From outside the country, you can still see Mount Tai, which lies far across the country. The height of Mount Tai is highlighted by its distance. The south of Mount Tai is Lu, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi. Therefore, this sentence describes the geographical features and cannot be appropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong wrote in his poem "Dengdong County Wangyue Tower": "Qilu is still young, who can succeed the Duling people in this poem?" He specifically mentioned this poem and believed that no one could succeed, which is reasonable.
The two sentences "The clock of creation is beautiful, and the yin and yang cut off the dusk" describe the magical beauty and majestic image of Mount Tai seen in the near view. They are a footnote to the previous sentence "The green is not over". The word "clock" expresses the sentimentality of nature. The side facing the sun in front of the mountain is called "yang", and the side behind the mountain facing away from the sun is called "yin". Because the mountain is high, the dusk and dawn of the sky are divided between the yin and yang sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting the dusk and dawn". "Cut" is originally a common word, but when used here, it really means "odd danger". It can be seen from this that the poet Du Fu's creative style of "continuing to die without surprising words" was developed in his youth.
The two sentences "Strata of clouds grow in the chest, and returning birds enter the canthus" are written about careful observation. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart was rippling; because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eye sockets were bursting. "Returning bird" is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest. It can be seen that it is already dusk, but the poet is still looking at it. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of his motherland.
"You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of all the small mountains." These last two sentences describe the desire to climb the mountain that comes from looking at the mountain. "Huidang" is a Chinese colloquialism, which means "must". For example, in Wang Bo's "Spring Thoughts": "Hui will break away from the wind and dust in one fell swoop, and the verdant covered pavilion will come to spring." Sometimes the word "hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "Bei Meng Suo Yan": "One day I will kill this Zhuzi!" That is, There are often single words in Du's poems, such as "In this life, that old Shu will return to Qin if he doesn't die!" ("Sending Yan Gong to the Dynasty") If "huidang" is interpreted as "should", it will be inaccurate and dull.
From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top, and looking down on everything. This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two lines of poetry have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse strong resonance in us. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Qilong believed that Du's poems "should be headed by this" and said, "Du Zi's mind and spirit are impressive. Take them as a scroll and stand tall as a town." ("Reading Du Xinjie") It is from this point of view. Focus on the symbolic meaning of the two poems. This is consistent with Du Fu's "comparison between Ji and Qi" in politics, and his "Qi Piao Qu Jia Lei, short sight Cao Liu Qiang" in creation. This poem was praised as the "swan song" by later generations, and was carved into a stone tablet and erected at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will live forever with Mount Tai. (Xiao Difei)
Appreciation 2
An ode to the national spirit and personal ambition - Appreciation of Du Fu's poem "Looking at the Mountain"
This poem "Looking at the Mountain" The poem is a masterpiece by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. After failing the imperial examination, the young poet traveled to Qi and Zhao, saw Mount Tai, and wrote this majestic and profound poem. In this poem, you can't see any negative and decadent emotions after failing the imperial examination. You can only feel the courage and feelings of a great man.
So, what is the most intriguing thing about this poem?
In order to understand the emotional content contained in this poem, we should first have a basic understanding of Mount Tai's political and cultural background. Qiu Zhaoao from the Qing Dynasty wrote in his "Detailed Notes on Du Shi": "Zheng Ang said: When kings ascend to the throne, they must go to this mountain, and the mountain is the leader of the five mountains, so it is called Daizong." In ancient times, some emperors held Zen ceremonies here. During the Warring States Period, some Confucian scholars in Qilu believed that Mount Tai was the highest among the five mountains, and emperors should go to Mount Tai to offer sacrifices. Therefore, in the eyes of the rulers, Mount Tai was a symbol of the feudal regime's "unlimited relationship with heaven" and "eternal gain from heaven" (see "Book of Han· "Book of Emperor Wu").
This concept of the rulers will naturally have a broad and profound impact on the society at that time. Of course, the towering mountains not only arouse the thoughts and prayers of the rulers to maintain their political power forever, but also arouse a sense of sublimity and admiration among the Chinese people. "The rocks of Mount Tai are what Lu Bang looks at" ("The Book of Songs·Lu Song·Xing Palace"). "The mountains in the east of E'e are high, and their beauty reaches the sky." (Xie Daoyun, "Mountaineering"). "Dai Zong shows off the mountains, and Cui Xi stabs the sky" (Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin"). "Those who climb high reach the top of the sky, and those who love the scenery want to be ahead of ten thousand people" (Ding Chunze's "Riguan Fu"). From these poems praising Mount Tai, it is not difficult for us to realize that Mount Tai evokes in the minds of Chinese people the association of a supreme and beautiful realm. In this poem, the author combines the praise of the lofty spirit of the nation with the personal enthusiasm for joining the world, praising a kind of "Taishan spirit".
As mentioned above, "Daizong" is the honorific name of Mount Tai, which the ancients considered to be the highest among the Five Mountains. It is the place where "the king ascends to the throne and declares his death"; in the national consciousness, it already has the symbolic significance of the highest realm. Therefore, when the poet calls out the word "Daizong" at the beginning, one can imagine the solemnity and solemnity of his emotions. The empty word "husband" subtly conveys such solemn and dignified feelings and deep sense of pride; the word "how" further shows that the poet's deep feelings can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words.
The next sentence "Qilu is still young" has always been admired by people. Mount Tai is located to the north of Qi and to the south of Lu. With the vastness of Qi and Lu, you can see its green color, so you feel that Mount Tai is even higher. This way of writing is indeed very novel. However, it can also give readers a more profound association: Qi and Lu were once ancient countries, and Mount Tai has stood here for a long time; the ancient countries and the green face of Mount Tai have been dependent on each other for a long time. This country of "Qilu" with a long history was the place where Confucius, a cultural giant who climbed Mount Tai, spread culture. It is an extremely important base of Chinese civilization and can best arouse readers' intimate feelings about its cultural implications. Mount Tai in Du Fu's works is not as unattainable as "Cui Xi stabs the sky" in Xie Lingyun's "Taishan Yin", nor is it as high as Li Bai's "Raise your hand to find out the shallowness, and accidentally climb the loom" (Six Poems on a Tour of Mount Tai, Part 6). ) causes the feeling of forgetting the world, but is rooted in the earth and stretches across Qilu, bringing infinite green vitality to the world. The aphorism "Qilu is still young" comes from the poet's reverence for national history and culture and his positive and enterprising attitude towards life.
The word "神秀" in the third sentence actually comes from the word "青不了". The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies not only in its towering heights in the sky, spanning thousands of miles, but also in its awe-inspiring beauty. And this "divine beauty" is specially bestowed by nature (creation). In a somewhat mysterious atmosphere, Taishan reveals an eternal and transcendent temperament. It contains the awe and admiration of people of a certain era for Mount Tai, and also contains the extremely proud feeling of the poet who is the son of Mount Tai.
"Yin and Yang cut off the dusk", which is a continuation of the height of Mount Tai. Due to the high mountains, the yin and yang sides of the mountain are clearly divided into one dusk and one dawn. This sentence closely follows "creation". It is precisely because "creation" has given all its divine energy to Mount Tai, that Mount Tai also cuts off the dusk with its unique appearance and participates in creation. "Zhuangzi" says: "The beginning of creation is the change of yin and yang." In the third and fourth sentences, "creation" and "yin and yang" are written in pairs, intentionally or unintentionally causing the yin and yang energy between heaven and earth to operate around Mount Tai. potential. Ancient books often describe Mount Tai as "the spirit of Dongyue, the atmosphere of creation, which gives birth to two rituals" (Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Ji Daiyue Wen") or "the place where all things in the east begin to be explained" ("Tongyi of the Five Classics") concept. It can be seen that Du Fu was deeply influenced by this kind of concept.
In the above four sentences, the author outlines an all-encompassing and transcendent Mount Tai with a majestic and calm pen; the next four sentences gradually penetrate into the author's own intimate feelings, and the poet wants to convey his far-reaching and vast thoughts. Become one with the vast and vast Mount Tai.
"Throwing clouds in the chest" is a wonderful pen of inheritance. Although the author did not write about Mount Tai directly at this time, he wrote about the depth of Mount Tai through the endless and floating clouds and mist in the mountain. The poet, who was agitated and full of thoughts as the clouds appeared on the mountain, also had a mind like Mount Tai who was puffing out clouds and mist. Just as vast. One "dang" and one "life", from stillness to movement, added vitality to the solemn Mount Tai, and the poet's interest also reached a small climax.
"The returning bird returns to the canthus" further demonstrates the poet's broad mind. This is a relatively subtle sentence in the whole poem, but it shows the infinite vastness of Mount Tai in the soaring birds. The flying birds make the poem more dynamic and inspire the author's imagination.
Whether you look at it from afar, up close or carefully, you can never fully see the mountains. The uniqueness of Mount Tai lies in its condescending manner, overlooking the peaks. Therefore, after a great Chinese philosopher climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world had become smaller: "Confucius climbed to the east mountain and became small Lu; when he climbed Mount Tai, he made the world small." ("Mencius·Jinxin Chapter") And Du Fu climbed to the highest point with his arms in his arms. I came to Wangyue with the mood of idealism and creating the most brilliant achievements.
If you read the poem "Wang Yue" carefully, you will deeply feel that there is infinite vitality in the vast and majestic natural scenery. This vitality belongs to an ancient civilization that is both ancient and young. The dignity of "Daizong", the antiquity of "Qilu", the vastness of "good fortune" and "yin and yang", and the magnanimity of Confucius' mind when he climbed to the top of Mount Tai are all vivid manifestations of the vitality and wisdom of the ancient civilization.
As for a poet, only when he integrates his ambitions and ideals into the infinite vitality of the nation's broad spirit, can his poetry last as long as the mountains and rivers of the motherland. This poem "Looking at the Mountains" is an immortal poem that belongs to Du Fu himself and to the nation. (Le Lienan)
Appreciation Three
This poem is the earliest of the existing Du poems, and the lines are filled with the vigorous vitality of the young Du Fu.
The two sentences in the first couplet describe the tall and majestic scene of Mount Tai from a distance. The chapter begins with a question, forming an abrupt momentum that arouses the whole article. "How is your husband" expresses the poet's excitement, joy, wonder and speculation when he first sees Mount Tai. The second sentence uses a large stroke of brush to paint a green mountain scenery, showing the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai.
The two-sentence couplet depicts the magical, beautiful and towering image of Mount Tai from a close-up perspective. "Zhongshenxiu" describes the magical beauty of Mount Tai; "Cie Duixiao" describes the majesty of Mount Tai. The word "bell" gives nature an emotional color, conveying the poet's love and praise for Mount Tai. The word "cut" is used in a novel and powerful way, as if "dun" and "dawn" were cut by Mount Tai, which expresses the majestic and high momentum of Mount Tai. This combination of virtual and real turns static into movement, making the static mountain peaks full of vitality.
The two neck couplets write about Mount Tai from the perspective of gazing, and try their best to show the height of Mount Tai through dynamic pictures. The small object "bird" is used here to set off the vast and distant scenery, which is a bit eye-catching and expressive. It was late in the evening when the "returning bird" was illuminated, but the poet was still looking at it. He was so absorbed in it, which shows that the poet loved the mountain. This couplet uses clouds and birds to highlight the tallness and majesty of Mount Tai, and describes the poet's ecstasy and inner turbulence when looking at Mount Tai for a long time, showing the poet's broad mind.
The two sentences at the end describe the poet's desire to reach the "top" arising from looking up at Mount Tai. The poet uses imaginary situations to set off and render the scene in front of him. The word "Ling" expresses the determination and heroic spirit of climbing to the top of Mount Tai. "Looking at the Small Mountains at a Glance" describes his imaginary feeling of climbing to the top and overlooking the mountains. It is very poetic and powerful. From these two sentences, we can see the poet Du Fu's ambition of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to climb to the top and overlooking all things. (This is the key to Du Fu becoming a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been recited by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our attention to this day* The reason why ** is ringing. )
The whole poem uses the word "wang" as a red line, and the scenes blend together. In terms of distance, looking is from far to near. In terms of time, looking is from morning to dusk. From looking at the mountains, we can imagine the scene of climbing the mountains and looking far away in the future. In terms of description method, this poem is a mixture of virtuality and reality, from scene to emotion, from emotion to scene, from emotion to scene, and from scene to scene.
Appreciation Four
Bold-hearted and high-spirited - Reading Du Fu's poem "Wang Yue"
How about Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young. Good fortune is beautiful, Yin and Yang cut off the dawn. Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird enters the canthus. You will be at the top of the mountain, and you will have a panoramic view of the mountains.
Du Fu wrote three poems praising the mountains, praising the three famous mountains of Dongyue, Nanyue and Xiyue respectively. This poem "Wang Yue" is one of the famous poems written by the poet to praise Dongyue Mount Tai.
This five-character ancient poem is the earliest work in Du Fu's poetry collection. When writing this poem, the poet was only in his twenties. The year before he wrote the poem, Du Fu took the Jinshi examination and failed. He was a young man at the time and had little experience in society and the world, so his defeat did not shock him that much. He was still very confident about his future and had wonderful illusions. In the second year of his defeat (736), he embarked on another grand tour. "Returning to sail to fly to my grandma, I pay tribute to my old hometown at the age of middle age. I have a bad temper, but I have a bad temper, and I have a short eye, and I have a short eye. I am dissatisfied with my merits, and I have to resign from Jingyintang alone. I was debauched between Qi and Zhao, and my horses were quite wild." ( "The Grand Tour") vividly reflects the bold mind, passionate emotions and noble character of the young poet at that time, and is also full of strong romanticism. This style is also expressed in the poem "Wang Yue".
"How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young." The poet used the sentence pattern of asking questions to lead to Mount Tai in a very natural way; he also used the way of self-answering to depict the majestic image of Mount Tai. The so-called Daizong, also known as Daishan, is Mount Tai, because it is the first of the five mountains, so it is called Daizong. The predecessors said that "the yang of Mount Tai leads to Lu, and its yin leads to Qi", "from Qi to Lu, the two countries have ended." The poet firmly grasped the characteristics of a piece of green, without spending much ink, just using "Qi Lu" The five words "not yet green" vividly depict its majestic, verdant and vast appearance stretching into the sky. Poetry commentators have spoken highly of this poem, saying that it "has only five characters, and is truly heroic".
“Creation is graceful, yin and yang cut off the dusk”, which is the strange and beautiful state of Mount Tai that the poet deliberately described: This strange-shaped mountain seems to have been specially created by the gods to bring the world to the world. All the magic and beauty of nature are concentrated; the mountain peaks reach into the sky, blocking the sunlight, dividing the south and north of the mountain into two worlds of different light and darkness - it is already a bright morning here, and it is still a dark night over there. The words "Zhong" and "Cut" used by the poet here are all unique. The former describes Mount Tai as embodying the "divine beauty" that all mountains should have, while the latter vividly sets off the tall and steep peaks that block out the sky and the sun.
In the poet's writing, this Mount Tai is truly magical and majestic!
Then, Du Fu further described the scenery of Mount Tai and the feeling of looking at the mountain with two sentences: "Zeng Yun is born in the chest, and the returning bird is in the canthus". Because this mountain peak is very high and the clouds are stacked up, the poet stood at the foot of the mountain and looked up, as if he felt the clouds filling his mind. Therefore, the depression was washed away and his mind was widened; because it was far away, he tried to open his mind as wide as possible. Concentrate your eyes on the flying birds, and follow their movements into the distance. These two sentences are not completely realistic, but the poet's imagination. As Wang Sisi said: "The sentence 'opening the chest' expresses the vastness of the mind. The sentence 'jue canthus' expresses the vastness of the horizon. The body is at the foot of the mountain, while the mind wanders to the top of the mountain."
Finally, the poet The whole poem ends with the heroic line "When you stand at the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains." Since the poet faces this picturesque and beautiful peaks and looks up, his mind is relaxed and his spirit is high, so why not climb to the top of this mountain in person to enjoy the scenery of Mount Tai? The poet here expresses a desire to climb mountains. "Ling Jueding" reflects his far-sighted vision and heroic spirit. The word "Ling" is very appropriate and expressive, and the determination to climb forward without fear of hardships and dangers is simply vivid on the page. In these two lines of poetry, Du Fu used the meaning "Confucius...climbed Mount Tai and made the world small", which not only further praised the majestic posture of Mount Tai, but also used it to express his ambition to climb to the top and reach the top. From here we can clearly understand the young poet's strong confidence and self-reliance attitude, which is also a natural expression of Du Fu's early aggressive thoughts.
This poem is a close combination of scene description and lyricism. It truly embodies emotions with scenes, with scenes within emotions, emotions moving with the scenes, and scenes blending together. Throughout the whole poem, there is the word "look", which expands and deepens step by step from far to near, and from near to far, all through the eyes. Therefore, the predecessors believed: "Looking at the mountains is different from climbing the mountains. To climb the mountains, one must pay close attention to the peculiarities in the foothills of the mountains, such as the majestic rock formations, which cannot be discerned. If one wants to look at the mountains, it is not possible to do so. You must write down the details of the letter. It stands out from the outside, and there is one sentence that can surpass thousands of people." (See "Du Shi Yan Zhi") Therefore, the whole poem has a broad artistic conception, vivid images, high style and majestic momentum, which makes a deep impression on people after reading it. It has endless charm and feels like you are on the scene. It is indeed a masterpiece in Du Fu's poetry collection. At the same time, Mount Tai has always been praised by poets and poets because it is the first of the five mountains with magical scenery and various phenomena. However, none of the poems praising Mount Tai in the past dynasties can compare with this poem "Looking at the Mountains", so Qiu Zhaoao said: "Before Shaoling, those who sang about Mount Tai included poems by Xie Lingyun and Li Bai. The eight lines of the Xie poem are ancient and beautiful in the first half. But the lower part is plain and simple. There are good lines in the six chapters of Li's poems, but the meaning is very repetitive. This poem is powerful and sharp, and you can look down at the two families." He also said: "This chapter has a five-rhyme pattern, but the sentences are flat and oblique. Wei Xie is the counterpart of ancient poetry. He is strong in spirit and strength, and can reach the height of a beam." These evaluations are of course very high, but they are also fair. (Li Yi)
Spring Hope
The whole article revolves around the word "Wang". The first four sentences use scenes to express emotions and combine scenes. The poet writes that the city of Chang'an is overgrown with vegetation and sparsely populated to set off the dilapidation of the country. At the beginning, "the country is broken and the mountains and rivers are here" is shocking, and there is a sense of historical vicissitudes of things changing and people changing. The two sentences "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel sad, and the birds that hate others are frightened." The two sentences use objects to personify the flowers and birds. They feel the division of the country and the difficulties of the country, and the flowers and birds in Chang'an shed tears and are frightened. The poet looks from afar to a focused perspective, from far to near, and his emotions from weak to strong. In this cross-conversion of emotions and scenery, the poet's sighs, worries and indignation are implicitly conveyed. The country is in turmoil, wars have been going on for years, people are separated from their wives, and there is no communication. It is especially valuable to receive letters from home at this time. The poet reflects from the side the great pain that the war has brought to the people and the people's eagerness to know whether their relatives are safe or not during the turmoil. At the same time, it is also difficult to obtain family letters to express the poet's deep concern for the country. The last two sentences describe the poet's increasingly sparse white hair, which can no longer hold a hairpin, and describe the depth and breadth of the poet's sorrow and anger through movements. The whole poem is full of scenes, deep emotions, implicit and concise, with concise words and many meanings, which fully reflects the poet's "melancholy" artistic style.
In July of the fifteenth year of Tianbao's reign (756), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an. Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne in Lingwu and changed the Yuan Dynasty to De. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels and brought to Chang'an. He wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Germany). The poet witnessed the fall of Chang'an's flutes after the fall, and was deeply homesick after experiencing adversity. He couldn't help but sigh with emotion. The first and second couplets of the poem describe the devastation of the Spring City, full of sighs; the third and fourth couplets describe the situation of missing relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural, reflecting the poet's love for the motherland and his feelings for his family. Modern scholars such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is thorough but straight, the scenes are comprehensive but not dissociated, the emotions are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, the rhythm is rigorous but not rigid." This comment is quite interesting. For appropriateness. "A letter from home is worth ten thousand dollars" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
In June of the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty (756 AD), the Anshi rebels captured Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In July, Du Fu heard the news that Tang Suzong had ascended the throne in Lingwu, so he settled his family in Qiang Village in Yanzhou and went to Suzong. He was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang'an. Because of his humble official position, he was not imprisoned. "Spring Hope" was written in March of the following year.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the fall of the Spring City, full of sighs; the last four sentences describe the situation of missing relatives, full of separation. The whole poem is calm and subtle, sincere and natural.
"The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is full of grass and trees in spring." The opening chapter describes what Chun Wang saw: the country's capital fell and the city was dilapidated. Although the mountains and rivers remained the same, the grass was everywhere and the trees were green. The word "broken" makes people frightened, and then the word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "'The mountains and rivers are there', it is obvious that there is nothing left; 'the grass and trees are deep', it is obvious that there is no one left." ("Wen Gongxu Poetry Talk") The poet here clearly describes the scene, but in fact expresses his feelings, placing his feelings on things and supporting his feelings. Yu Jing creates the atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is skillfully crafted, mature and natural, and poetic. "National destruction" and "city spring" have opposite meanings. There is a sharp contrast between the ruins of the "national collapse" and the prosperous "city spring". "The country is broken" is followed by "mountains and rivers are here", which has the opposite meaning and is unexpected; "city spring" is originally supposed to be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep grass and trees" describes the state of desolation. It is contradictory and yet another turn. Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty praised this couplet very much and said: "The duality is not bad, but it changes vertically and horizontally, surpassing the stereotypes, with dark and light, shallow and deep, and the movements are amazing." (Volume 9 of "Tang Yin Gui Zhu")
"Impressions The general interpretation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are meant to entertain people, but because they feel sad and hate farewell, the poet sheds tears when he sees them. Another explanation is that the flowers and birds are used to represent people, and they feel sad when they feel farewell. The flowers shed tears and the birds are frightened. Although the two theories are different, their spirit can be connected. One touches the scene to create emotion, the other empathizes with the object, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences of the poem are all contained in the word "wang". The poet looked up and looked up, his sight went from near to far, and then from far to near. His vision ranged from the city to the mountains and rivers, and then from the city to the flowers and birds. Emotions progress from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, and advance step by step. In the changes of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from looking up at the scenery to bowing his head in contemplation, and then naturally transitioned to the second half - longing for his relatives.
"The war has lasted for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "the war has been fierce and the faith of the village has been broken." Until now, in the deep spring of March, the war is still continuous. How much I look forward to hearing from my loved ones at home. A letter from home at this time is really worth "ten thousand pieces of gold"! "A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold" expresses the urgent mood of long-awaited news without news. This is the thought in everyone's heart, and it naturally makes people excited, so it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
"The hairpins are shorter when the white heads are scratched, and the hairpins are full of lust." The war is everywhere, and family letters are blocked. I miss the tragic scene in the distance, and look at the decadent scene in front of me. I feel extremely bored. , scratched his head and hesitated, and suddenly felt that his short hair was sparse and there were almost no hairpins. "White hair" is caused by sorrow, "scratching" is an action to relieve sorrow, and "shorter" shows the degree of sorrow. In this way, in addition to the pain of losing a country, losing a family, and being separated from others, they also sigh and grow old, which adds a layer of sadness.
This poem reflects the poet's beautiful sentiments of loving the country and missing his family. The meaning is thorough but not straight, the situation is comprehensive but not dissociated, the feelings are strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not complicated, and the rhythm is Rigorous but not rigid, written with the ups and downs of the five-rhythm regular pattern, it is written with a sonorous sound and a clear spirit. Therefore, it has been popular for more than 1,200 years and has endured for a long time.
An antithetical couplet in the poem "Looking at Spring": The flowers splash with tears when I feel the time, and the birds are frightened by the hatred of others.
The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold