Climbing Yueyang Tower
Author: Du Fu
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Notes on climbing Yueyang Tower:
① Dongting Water: Dongting Lake. It is located in the north of Hunan and the south bank of the Yangtze River, and is the second largest freshwater lake in China.
② Yueyang Tower: It is a tourist attraction in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, adjacent to Dongting Lake.
③ Wu Chu: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the names of the two countries (Wu and Chu) were located in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Overlooking Dongting, blue lagoon is boundless, and Junshan is far away, which is full of weather. It was built by Tang Zhangjian and Song Fujiko in Beijing. It is famous for Fan Zhongyan's masterpiece Yueyang Tower. Chè: Division, which is extended to division here. The vast Wu Chu is separated by Dongting Lake.
④ qián kūn Drift Day and Night (a "moon"): The sun, the moon, the stars and the earth float on Dongting Lake day and night. Volume 38 of Notes to the Water Classics says, "The lake is more than 500 miles wide, and the sun and the moon haunt it." Gan Kun: Heaven and earth refer to the sun and the moon.
Not a word: no news. Word: here refers to letters.
6 old illness: old and sick. Du Fu is 57 years old, suffering from lung disease, wind arthralgia and deafness in his right ear. There is a lone boat: it is uncertain that there is only one leaf falling. The poet spent most of his last three years on a boat. This sentence is about Du Fu's life.
⑦ Rong (róng) to the north of Maguan Mountain: The northern border war resumed. At that time, Tubo invaded Ningxia Lingwu and Shaanxi Tai (B, N). The imperial court shook and quickly mobilized troops to resist the enemy. Warhorse: Warhorse refers to military affairs, wars and wars. In autumn and winter this year, Tubo once again invaded Longyou and Guanzhong areas.
8 by the porch: stand by the window. Tears flow: tears can't help flowing. Snoring: tears, runny nose, which is biased, refers to tears.
"Climbing Yueyang Tower" means:
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent the other day, and today I finally boarded Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
No news from relatives or friends. I am old and sick, and I am wandering alone.
The northern border war broke out again, and I leaned against the railing and cried.
The writing background of "Climbing Yueyang Tower";
In the second year of Tang Daizong Dali (767), Du Fu was 57 years old, only two years before his life ended. At that time, the poet was in a difficult situation, miserable, old and weak, suffering from lung disease and rheumatism, his left arm was withered, his right ear was deaf, and he lived by drinking medicine. In the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu drifted from Jiangling and Gongan along the Yangtze River to Yuezhou (now Hunan). Boarding the long-awaited Yueyang Tower, overlooking from the porch, facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, the poet sincerely admired; Then I thought that I was wandering in my later years, and the country was full of disasters. I couldn't help feeling a lot, so I wrote "Climbing Yueyang Tower", "Stop Yueyang Gate" and "Accompany Pei Shijun to Climb Yueyang Tower" in Yueyang.
Appreciation of Yueyang Tower;
The first link is intertwined with reality, and the comparison between the past and the present expands the field of time and space. I have heard about the fame of Dongting for a long time, but it was not until my twilight years that I realized my wish to see this famous lake. On the surface, climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time was quite enjoyable. In fact, my original intention was to express my unfulfilled ambition in my early days. In the final analysis, it is to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake.
Zhuan Xu is a vast Dongting. Dongting Lake is the Wu Chu, floating day and night, the waves lift the sky, endless, I really don't know how many clouds the old man swallowed in his chest! This is a quatrain about Dongting Lake, which was praised by Wang Shizhen as "a hero spanning the present". The scenery is so magnificent that it is dizzying.
The neck couplet is about the feeling that political life is bumpy, wandering around the world and powerless. "But no news of relatives or friends reached me" didn't get any help in spirit and material aspects; "I'm sick and alone with my boat" has been "sick and old" since Kuizhou took his wife and children out of the gorge by boat in the first month of the third year of Dali, traveled all over Hunan, took the boat as his home and settled down. Facing Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, his sense of loneliness and crisis has increased. Self-narration is so lonely that it contains infinite affection in the sudden change and contrast of the extremely stuffy poetic realm.
At the end of the couplet, I wrote the sadness of seeing the country in turmoil and not being able to serve the country. There is a blank between the upper and lower sentences, which is memorable. The "past" beginning with "I have heard of Dongting Lake for a long time" can certainly cover the poet's activities in Chang 'an area for more than ten years. And this, in space, can be compared with "Guanshanbei". Cheng Xuan and Today echoed from beginning to end.
First couplet narrative, parallel couplet description, neck couplet lyric, tail couplet summary. The whole poem is "Climbing Yueyang Tower", but it is not limited to "Yueyang Tower" and "Dongting Water". The poet abandons the exquisite description of the scenery in front of him, and focuses on writing from the big picture, calling for heaven and grabbing land, worrying about the country and the people, tragic and desolate, which makes people cry. Looking back in time, it covers Wu Chu and Yueguan Mountain in space. The sadness of his life experience and his worries about the country are boundless, which blends seamlessly with the water potential of Dongting and forms a profound artistic conception.
This poem is the masterpiece of the five laws in Du Fu's poems, and it was called the first of the five laws in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of mountains and rivers and the breadth of the poet's mind are both inside and outside the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although depressed, but not depressed. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua quoted Cai Taiwa's Xiqing Poetry as saying: "Dongting is a grand view, and there are many people who wrote it in the past dynasties ... However, if Meng Haoran's" a cloud rises from a dream valley and has been besieging Yueyang City "is not true, the Dongting is vast and the weather is magnificent, just like in front of him. It is impossible to read Du Zimei's poems. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth.' Shaoling has swallowed many clouds and dreams in his chest. "
The whole poem is pure fu, and it is a narrative style from beginning to end. In the past, some scholars thought that poetry used fu method, which had no image and poetic flavor. In fact, Fu method is an important way to visualize poetry, which is characterized by not paying attention to the language of poetry and the visualization of local things, but paying attention to creating the overall artistic conception of poetry. "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower" is a model of creating artistic images by using fu method. The artistic realm it has reached has made people feel that there is no artistic method or even language, but the poet's thoughts and feelings directly hit the soul.
The whole poem is mainly self-narrative and lyrical, sincere and touching; The description of the scenery is only three or four sentences, which is both true writing and imagination, making the weather in Dongting Lake magnificent and vivid.