1. How to appreciate allusions in ancient poetry
Classical poetry is an important part of my country’s literary heritage and plays a certain role in high school Chinese textbooks.
In the National Chinese Language College Entrance Examination, the ancient poetry appreciation test has been tested for seven consecutive years. It is becoming more and more difficult, the question types are becoming more and more perfect, and the number of questions is increasing year by year, becoming a highlight of the college entrance examination preparation. . Whether from the perspective of teaching materials, the college entrance examination, or the perspective of inheriting and innovating literary heritage, cultivating and improving students' appreciation of ancient poetry has become an urgent task for every Chinese teacher.
So, how to cultivate students’ appreciation of ancient poetry? First of all, we must be good at guiding students to master basic appreciation methods. As the saying goes, it is better to teach a man to fish than to teach him to fish.
In Chinese teaching, I mainly focus on the following five aspects: 1. Taste the expressive "poetry eye" or "question eye". For example, in Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream", "Last night there was a heavy rain and a strong wind, and I couldn't get rid of the remaining wine after a deep sleep.
I looked at the people behind the curtain, but I saw that the crabapples were still the same. Do you know? Do you know? They should be green, fat, red and thin."
The whole word "Poetry Eye" is "green, fat, red and thin", which is very expressive. Its expressive power is not only reflected in the vividness and appropriateness, such as using the word "fat" to write leaves, which not only means many and big, but also can be associated with the moist and bright shape, which is very accurate and concise; it is also reflected in the emotional integration, such as using "" The word "thin" is used to write flowers, which not only has the shape of being young and small, but also conveys a feeling of pity and pity. It matches the mood of the whole word to express a sentimental and sad mood.
Another example is Jia Dao's "Inscribed on Li Ning's Residence in Seclusion", "The young neighbors are living together, and the grass path leads to the deserted garden. / Birds stay in the trees beside the pond, and the monk knocks on the door under the moon.
/ Crossing the bridge separates the colors of the field, and moving the rocks moves the roots of the clouds. / I have been here for a while, and the quiet period is worthy of my words."
The word "secluded" in the title is "Tieye", which is the key to understanding the whole poem. key. Each couplet of the whole poem is closely linked to the word "secluded", and the first couplet describes the "secluded" of the residence: living in a corner, quiet and no one, the grass paths are quiet, and the deserted gardens are sparse.
The chin couplet and the neck couplet describe the "secretness" of the environment: the chin couplet sets off the quietness with the sound, the birds are chirping on the trees by the pool, the old monk is knocking gently on the door under the bright moonlight, all of this is even more interesting. It shows the tranquility of the environment; the neck couplet is written from night to day, still focusing on the environment, but the field of vision is much wider. Walking across small bridges and around boulders, everything is quiet and wild, and the poet's inner joy comes naturally. born. The last couplet reveals the poet's yearning for a secluded life.
It can be seen that to appreciate poetry, grasp the "poetry eye" and the "question eye" are the key. 2. Analyze the ideological content of the poem.
To correctly understand the ideological content of ancient poetry, the most fundamental thing is to learn to know people and the world. As Mr. Lu Xun said: "If you want to write a paper, it is best to take into account the whole article and the author's whole person." , and the social status he was in, this is more conclusive." As mentioned in Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream", we must contact the background at that time: Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng had a deep relationship, but "the relationship had not been long, and Mingcheng was betrayed." "Yi Anshu couldn't bear to say goodbye" (Liu Yisheng's "Song Poems"), and analyzing each question and answer, it is not difficult for us to understand the sentimental feelings of this poem, including the regret of loving flowers and cherishing spring. , there is also the sadness of beauty getting old easily, the boredom of saying goodbye to others, and a few strands of melancholy and twists, and there are "numerous twists and turns hidden in the short frame".
Therefore, to evaluate ancient poetry, one must learn to know people and the world, and grasp the tone and theme of poetry as a whole, which is the foundation for appreciating ancient poetry. 3. Explore the wonderful use of typical sentences.
Ancient poetry often quotes allusions and uses verses to arouse people's imagination with rich connotations. To appreciate ancient poetry, one must understand the origin and meaning of allusions and transformed verses, and discover the wonderful uses of allusions and verses in ancient poetry.
For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness", "the spring breeze has passed for ten miles, and the shepherd's purse and wheat are all green." That is to say, Du Mu's poem "Ten Miles of Spring Breeze on Yangzhou Road" is used.
The use here makes Yangzhou City’s past prosperity contrast sharply with the current depression, which makes the present more nostalgic. Exploring the wonderful use of classic sentences is the basis for accurately understanding ancient poetry.
4. Understand the expression effect of rhetorical techniques. In ancient poetry, due to the need for image and lyricism, various artistic techniques are often used to express it, the most important of which are metaphor, rise, personification, exaggeration, duality, repetition, foil, etc. The expression effects of these techniques are grasped , you can better understand the image of the poem and understand the author's feelings.
For example, in "Ode to the Willow" by He Zhizhang, "The jasper is as high as a tree, and thousands of green silk ribbons hang down. I don't know who cuts out the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors."
The author abandons The simple and intuitive description method breaks the traditional idea of ??chanting things and expressing aspirations, and uses unique imagination and clever metaphors to create a novel image with a unique romantic color for us. The first sentence uses "Biyu" (referring to a beautiful girl named Biyu in Yuefu's "Biyu Song") as a metaphor for a tree, which makes the poem start with a brand-new image that is fascinating.
The second sentence describes the thousands of weak and drooping branches of the willow tree, just like the green ribbons draping on the girl's body. The ribbons are used as metaphors for the willows, highlighting the soft and drooping characteristics, and vividly painting the silk-like image of spring willows. Giving people a vibrant aesthetic. The last two sentences contain a question and an answer, once again using clever metaphors to praise Chunliu.
One "thin" and one "cut", the slender, soft, fresh and lovely leaves of the new willow are carefully and vividly depicted, revealing the author's surprise and praise. "The spring breeze in February is like scissors." The spring breeze is likened to the scissors in Jasper's skillful hands, turning virtual reality into reality, which is a strange imagination.
He Zhizhang compared the willow tree to a graceful and graceful girl, depicting a vibrant spring scene and expressing his praise for the vitality of spring. Therefore, when appreciating ancient poetry, one must understand the rhetorical techniques and the specific images they refer to, in order to correctly understand and grasp the profound connotation of the poems.
5. Understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry. Artistic conception is the artistic realm reached by the work and the harmonious unity of the author's thoughts, feelings and life pictures.
Understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry is the highest level of appreciation, which allows appreciators to enjoy beauty, emotional edification, and spiritual purification, thereby actively and consciously creating and broadening the artistic realm of ancient poetry. To understand the artistic conception, we should pay attention to comparison, exploration and innovation, and association innovation.
For example: Lu You's "Bu Suanzi·Ode to Plum Blossoms" and Fan Chengda's "Frost Sky Dawn·Plum Blossoms" both focus on virtual writing, using plum blossoms as metaphors for people and expressing feelings through plum blossoms, but their artistic conceptions are different. From the perspective of environment, Lu Ci chose a windy and rainy dusk to highlight the misery of the environment and establish the "lonely" image of plum blossoms; Fan Ci chose an environment of a snowy moonlit night for the plum blossoms in his works, highlighting the lonely image of plum blossoms.
Judging from the author's emotional sustenance, after Lu Ci wrote the "lonely" image of plum blossoms, he deepened the meaning of "alone" and "the same as before" that plum blossoms do not invite favors. 2.30 How to appreciate allusions in ancient poetry
Allusions, also called "yongshi", refer to directly or indirectly quoting famous lines from previous poems, myths and legends, historical stories and other allusions in the language of poetry to use The meaning of poetry is richer, more subtle and profound.
There are four common types of ancient poetry dictionaries
1. Mingyong.
Quoting the original allusion directly, the poet's feelings are consistent with the allusion used. For example: at the end of Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" there is a sentence: "The mountains never get too high, and the sea never gets too deep. The Duke of Zhou spits out food, and the world returns to its heart." "The Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to its heart." The original poem uses Zhou Gong Ji Dan to assist the young king in becoming a king, saying that Duke Zhou "vomits food three times after a meal, fearing that he will lose the people of the world."
2. Secret use .
Indirectly quoting allusions, that is, melting allusions into poetry, which is implicit and meaningful, natural and pure, without any decoration. The writing is smooth and coherent, and the words are as if they were written by oneself. Even if one does not know the allusion, one can still understand the meaning of the poem; if one knows the allusion, the meaning will be even more profound. Therefore, secret use is also called transformed use. For example, Lu Xun's famous line "With a cold brow and a cold eyebrow, he bows his head and is willing to be Ru Ziniu" contains an allusion to "Ru Ziniu". The word "Ru Ziniu" comes from "Zuo Zhuan". It is said that Duke Jinggong of Qi doted on his young son Tu in his later years, and Tu was also called Ruzi. The boy acted coquettishly and asked his father to pretend to be a cow and let him play with him. Jinggong agreed. He held the rope in his mouth, put his hands on the ground, and kept imitating the braying of a cow. Qi Jinggong was old. He accidentally fell to the ground and knocked out one of his front teeth. As a result, the story of "Ru Ziniu" became widely circulated. Lu Xun's allusions fully expressed his willingness to be a cow for the people and expressed Mr. Lu Xun's loyalty and love for the people.
3. Side use.
It refers to taking the allusion from the side meaning of the allusion, that is, deliberately avoiding the positive and negative meanings of the allusion, and selecting a certain aspect of the allusion, making use of events, making insinuations, and revealing the author himself intention. It can be to the point, concise and concise. For example, the poem "Tian Jia" written by Yaochen of the Song Dynasty goes like this: "Beans are planted in Nanshan, and the pods are broken by the wind and rain; a bunch of pods are harvested in the air, and there is nothing to fill the frying cauldron." The poem borrows from Cao Zhi's "Seven-step Poetry": "Boil the beans to burn Bean sprouts, beans are weeping in the cauldron. They are born from the same root, so there is no need to rush into each other." Cao Zhi wrote the "Seven Steps Poem", which tells the story of the misery of brothers and sisters fighting each other and fighting each other too quickly. Mei Yaochen used this to describe the hardship of farmers' livelihood.
4. Reverse use.
That is to say, the original allusion is used contrary to its meaning, that is, the meaning of the allusion is opposite or opposite to its own intention. Through hints, contrasts, foils and other techniques, the meaning of the allusions is extended, saying one thing and implying the other. For example: Du Mu's "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days" contains the line "This has always been the case, why should I be alone in Niushan Mountain?" The poem is superficially about crying, but it is actually an allusion. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Jinggong of Qi climbed Niu Mountain, looked north at Linzi, the capital of the country, and shed tears, sighing: "How could I go here and die!" Du Mu was rarely happy, so he climbed the mountain with his friends to express his emotion, thinking that there was no need to cry alone like Duke Jinggong of Qi, and sighed. Life is unpredictable, it has been like this throughout the ages, who can be spared! Writing this way is completely different from the emotion of Qi Jinggong who cried when he climbed Niu Mountain. However, the poet still did not break out of the barriers of melancholy, sadness, and depression. He comforted himself with the impermanence of life. His words seemed broad-minded, but in fact he was depressed and sentimental. 3. The role of allusions in poetry appreciation
Using allusions into poetry is a common expression technique used by poets throughout the ages.
In poetry, historical facts about people, places, things, and things in the past, or words and sentences with origins and origins are quoted to express a certain desire or emotion of the poet, and to increase the image of the words and sentences. , implication and elegance, or the connotation and depth of the artistic conception, which is called "yongdian." Yongdian is also a rhetorical technique in poetry, which can avoid being straightforward and leave readers with associations and thoughts between the lines of the poem. room.
Indeed, using allusions skillfully and appropriately can make the poems rich in meaning, concise and implicit, solemn and elegant, make the expression more vivid and vivid, the poems more concise, the words are close but the purpose is far, implicit and tactful, thus Improve the expressiveness and appeal of your works, to achieve what ancient poets often say: power penetrates the back of the paper, and makes a sound! Below, I will mainly talk about four points: first, the main function of using dictionaries in poetry; second, the main forms of using dictionaries; third, the techniques of using dictionaries; and fourth, three issues that should be paid attention to when using dictionaries. First of all, let’s talk about the main functions of poetry dictionary in detail: 1. To evaluate history and use the past to discuss the present.
For example: Parking in Qinzhun (Du Mu) The smoke cage is stuffed with water, the moon is caged in the sand, and the Qinhuai River is close to the restaurant at night. The merchant girl didn't know the hatred for the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river.
The title of the song "Flowers in the Back Garden" in the poem is an allusion. "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" written by Chen Houzhu of the Southern Dynasty was called "the sound of national subjugation" by later generations. The late Tang Dynasty in which the poet lived was at a time when the country's fortunes were declining, and these rulers did not pay attention to state affairs. Instead, they gathered in restaurants to enjoy the melodious music. How could the poet not be worried that history might repeat itself? Therefore, the poet is here to use the historical irony of empress Chen's death as a result of his debauchery and enjoyment. Those rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who were intoxicated and dreamed of life did not learn from it.
2. Express emotions and express one’s thoughts. For example: Su Shi quoted an allusion in "Jiangchengzi·Mizhou Hunting" "Zhijie Yunzhong, when will Feng Tang be dispatched?"
According to the "Book of Han·Feng Tang Biography": During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Wei Shang was the prefect of Yunzhong. He performed meritorious service in resisting the Xiongnu. However, he was convicted and demoted because he reported six more heads when reporting his merits. . Later, Emperor Wen adopted Feng Tang's advice and sent Feng Tang to Yunzhong to pardon Wei Shang.
The poet here is in Mizhou, where his talent is unappreciated and his ambition is hard to reward. He uses Wei Shang as a metaphor for himself. He hopes that one day, the imperial court will send people like Feng Tang here, expressing his ambition and pride to serve the imperial court. . Yongyule · Nostalgia for the past in Guting, North of Jingkou. Throughout the ages, heroes have never found Sun Zhongmou.
On the dancing pavilion and singing stage, the wind and rain always blow away the wind. The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived.
I think back then, when we were strong and strong, we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won a hurried visit to the north.
Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum! Who can ask: Lian Po is old, can he still make a living? This poem uses four allusions, allusions within allusions. Let’s talk about the last allusion of Lian Po.
Lian Po was a famous general in Zhao, but the King of Zhao believed the slander and distrusted him. When Later Qin attacked Zhao, the King of Zhao wanted to use Lian Po and sent people to understand his situation.
Lian Po was dedicated to serving his country. He ate a bushel of rice and ten pounds of meat in front of the envoy, and put on his horse to show that he could go into battle. However, the envoy was bribed and lied to Lian that "three meals were left behind" "Shit", King Zhao thought that Mr. Lian finally didn't use it. The poem is summarized as "Who can ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?" It is used to express his grief and anger that he wants to serve the country but no one cares about him and he is even slandered by villains.
From this we can also see that poets often criticize rulers because they cannot speak directly, so using allusions is the best way. 4. How to appreciate the technique of using allusions in poetry
Using allusions into poetry is a common expression technique used by poets in the past dynasties.
In poetry, historical facts about people, places, things, and things in the past, or words and phrases with origins and sources are quoted to express a certain desire or emotion of the poet, and to increase the image of the words and phrases. , implicitness and elegance, or the connotation and depth of artistic conception, which is called "yongdian". Allusion is also a rhetorical device in poetry. It can avoid being straightforward and leave room for readers to associate and think between the lines of the poem.
Using allusions skillfully and appropriately can make the poems rich in meaning, concise and implicit, solemn and elegant, make the expression more vivid and vivid, the poems more concise, the words are close but the purpose is far away, implicit and tactful, thereby improving the work expressiveness and appeal. The role of allusions 1. Evaluate history and use the past to discuss the present.
Mooring in Qin Zhun (Du Mu) The smoke cage is stuffed with water, the moon is caged in the sand, and the Qinhuai River is near the restaurant at night. The merchant girl didn't know the hatred for the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river.
The title of the song "Flowers in the Back Garden" in the poem is "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" written by Chen Houzhu of the Southern Dynasty, which was called "the sound of the country's subjugation" by later generations. The late Tang Dynasty in which the poet lived was at a time when the country's fortunes were declining, and these rulers did not pay attention to state affairs. Instead, they gathered in restaurants to enjoy the melodious music. How could the poet not be worried that history might repeat itself? Therefore, the poet is here to use the historical irony of empress Chen's death as a result of his debauchery and enjoyment. Those rulers in the late Tang Dynasty who were intoxicated and dreamed of life did not learn from it.
2. Express emotions and express one’s thoughts. Su Shi quoted an allusion in "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou" "Zhijie Yunzhong, when will Feng Tang be dispatched?"
According to the "Book of Han·Feng Tang Biography": During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Wei Shang was the prefect of Yunzhong, and he performed meritorious service in resisting the Xiongnu. However, he was convicted and demoted because he reported six more heads when reporting his merits. . Later, Emperor Wen adopted Feng Tang's advice and sent Feng Tang to Yunzhong to pardon Wei Shang.
The poet here is in Mizhou, where his talents are not met and his ambition is hard to reward. He uses Wei Shang as a metaphor for himself. He hopes that one day, the imperial court will send people like Feng Tang here, expressing his ambition and pride to serve the imperial court. . 3. Trigger associations and create innovative artistic conception.
Broken Array (Xin Qiji) When I was drunk, I read the sword by burning the lamp, and I dreamed of blowing the trumpet company. Eight hundred miles away, the troops under his command are burning, the sound of fifty-stringed strings turning outside the Great Wall, and the troops on the battlefield being ordered in autumn.
The horse is flying fast, and the bow is like a thunderbolt. Finish the affairs of the king and the world, and win the reputation during and after death.
Pity happens in vain. The words "eight hundred miles" and "delu" in the poem involve two allusions: First, according to "Shishuoxinyu", Wang Kai of Jin Dynasty bet Wang Ji with an ox "eight hundred miles away", and Wang Ji killed the cow after winning. For Zhizhi, later generations referred to eight hundred miles as an ox.
Second, it is said that Liu Bei's Luma jumped three feet from the water of Tanxi River in the west of Xiangyang City and escaped from danger. Using these two allusions to create a majestic artistic conception, readers can't help but see the spectacular scene of rewarding the soldiers before the war broke out and the fierce scene of the cavalry galloping against the enemy on the battlefield, which is very penetrating.
4. Concise and concise, rich in connotation. In Liu Yuxi's "Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou", "Nostalgic chants of Wen Flute Fu in the sky. When you go to the countryside to read it, it seems like a bad person". Here, two allusions of Xiang Xiu Wen Di and Wang Zhi Yuxian are used to express the demotion of officials for more than 20 years. How I feel when I return after a year.
The use of "Wen Di Fu" implies dissatisfaction with the rulers' persecution of old friends at that time, expressing the deep nostalgia for the dead old friends; the use of "Lan Ke Ren" implies that he has been demoted for too long, Coming back this time feels like a lifetime ago, and I feel that everything has changed completely. It is no longer the same scene as in the past. Just fourteen words express such complex emotions, which is the charm of Yongdian.
At the same time, we can also see that the use of allusions also makes the poems have neat dialogues, harmonious phonology and rigorous structure. While increasing the connotation of the poem, it also increases the neatness of its appearance. 5. Appreciation and usage of the poem "Untitled" by Li Shangyin
This poem is filled with painful, disappointing, lingering and persistent emotions from beginning to end. Every couplet in the poem contains this kind of emotion. A reflection of the state, but the specific artistic conception of each couplet is different from each other.
They repeatedly express the complex emotions that run through the whole poem from different aspects. At the same time, they are closely connected with each other and vertically reflect the psychological process with this complex emotion as the content. This kind of lyricism, continuous and subtle, successfully reproduces the deep feelings in the heart.
In the first, third, fourth and fifth lines of the poem, similar descriptions can be found in Li Shangyin's previous poetry creations. Under the influence and inspiration of predecessors' creations, poets have inherited and learned from them.
However, he did not simply imitate his predecessors, but took a big step forward with high creativity, transforming the original relatively simple expression methods into more twists and vivid, and used them to Reflecting richer and deeper thoughts and feelings, it has actually shed its old form and become a new creation. It can be seen from here that the poet's rich literary accomplishment and his exploration of artistic conception and expression methods are important conditions for the achievement of this poem. 6. What are the common allusions in the appreciation of Chinese poetry in the college entrance examination?
Allusions in poetry refer to borrowing historical stories or fairy tales to express emotions in poetry. There is also a way of saying that borrowing or enlightening the poems and verses of previous generations to express emotions is also called Yongdian. Therefore, some poets use a lot of allusions and pile them up. As a result, a kind of Duidian style was formed. Stacking allusions is very confusing, and some people say that this is not a good practice and is a deliberate show of erudition.
In fact, this is not necessarily the case.
Xin Qiji’s words have the most allusions.
Congratulations to the bridegroom——The green trees are more beautiful when listening to the pelican, the partridges are still singing, and the cuckoos are singing! Crying to the end of the spring, there is no place to look for, and Fang Fei rests with bitter hatred. It is not yet time to say goodbye to the world. Immediately, the Pipa Pass is dark, and the longer gate is green, and the golden gate is opened to see the swallows and send them back to my concubine. After a hundred battles, the general's reputation was ruined. He went to the river and looked back thousands of miles. His old friends were often lost. The water is flowing, the wind is cold in the west, the clothes in the house are like snow, and the sad songs of the strong men are not yet complete. The singing bird still knows how to hate, but it does not cry clear tears but often cries blood. Who fucked me, Zui Mingyue.
One *** uses seven allusions.
1. "Immediately Pipa will pass the Black Sea"-----an allusion to Wang Zhaojun's marriage to the Huns. "Preface to Wang Mingjun's Ci"
2. "Changmen Cui chases Ci Jinque-" ------The allusion of Chen Ajiao, the empress of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was thrown into Changmen Palace.
3. "Look at Yanyan and send her back to my concubine" - an allusion from Queen Zhuang Jiang of Weiguo. "Book of Songs." "Yan Yan"
4. "Generals fight hundreds of battles - old friends often die" - an allusion between General Li Ling and Su Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
5. "The changing water is desolate--the tragic song is not complete"------an allusion to Jing Ke's assassination of Qin. "Historical Records"
6. "The singing bird returns ----- often cries blood" - the allusion that Emperor Du Yu of Shu turned into a cuckoo and cried blood after his death.
7. "Who loves me, loves the bright moon" ----- using the meaning of Li Bai's poems "Preface to Yan Tao Li Garden on a Spring Night" and "Gift to Meng Haoran".
There were many ancient poets who used allusions in their poems, and it is impossible to list them all here. But among the poems, Xin Qiji used the most allusions. You can look up Xin Ci.
In addition, allusions to Yuan Sanqu are also very common. 7. Appreciation and usage of the poem "Untitled" by Li Shangyin
This poem is filled with painful, disappointing, lingering and persistent emotions from beginning to end. Every couplet in the poem contains this kind of emotion. A reflection of the state, but the specific artistic conception of each couplet is different from each other.
They repeatedly express the complex emotions that run through the whole poem from different aspects. At the same time, they are closely connected with each other and vertically reflect the psychological process with this complex emotion as the content. This kind of lyricism, continuous and subtle, successfully reproduces the deep feelings in the heart.
In the first, third, fourth and fifth lines of the poem, similar descriptions can be found in Li Shangyin's previous poetry creations. Under the influence and inspiration of the previous creations, the poet inherited and learned from it. However, he did not simply imitate his predecessors, but took a big step forward with high creativity, transforming the original relatively simple expression methods into more twists and vividness to reflect richer and deeper meanings. Thoughts and feelings have actually shed their old traces and become new creations. It can be seen from here that the poet's rich literary accomplishment and his exploration of artistic conception and expression methods are important conditions for the achievement of this poem. 8. Appreciate any 2 Tang poems using allusions, and you will get an additional 50 points.
Explain the poem about drinking. Haven’t you seen that the water of the Yellow River seems to be pouring from the sky? It rolls eastward, towards the East China Sea, and will never return.
Haven't you seen that white hair in the high hall, facing the mirror, lamenting deeply? In the morning, my head was still full of black hair, but in the evening it became like snow. Therefore, every time you are proud of your life, you should be happy and never let the golden cup be empty against the bright moon.
Since God has created me as a pillar of talent, I will definitely be put to use. Even if I lose a thousand taels of gold, I will get it again. Let's enjoy cooking sheep and slaughtering cows for now. We meet today and we really want to toast three hundred.
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, please drink quickly and don’t stop. I will sing a song for you. Please listen carefully to me. The luxurious life of enjoying sumptuous food amidst the sound of bells and drums is not worth cherishing. I hope I will never be intoxicated and unwilling to wake up.
Since ancient times, the sages have all felt lonely and lonely. Only those who put their love and wine in love can leave a good reputation. The king of Chen, Cao Zhi, once held a banquet in Pingguang City. Even if a dou of wine was worth ten thousand, he would drink as much as he wanted.
Master, why did you say you don’t have much money? Go buy some wine so we can drink together. Bringing in the precious five-flowered horse, taking out the expensive golden fur, and exchanging them all for fine wine, let us work together to dissolve this endless eternal sorrow! Appreciation of Poetry and Essays: Drinking with friends is a joyful event in life, and it also happens to be a time when talents are “unappreciated”, so I express my love for wine and poetry to the fullest.
The poet's emotions and literary thoughts are like an unstoppable storm at this moment; they are also like a river flowing into the sea and flowing thousands of miles. Time passes, like a river flowing into the sea and never returning; life is short, looking at the green hair and white snow in the morning and dusk; the insignificance of life seems to be an irreparable tragedy, and the only thing that can relieve worries is golden bottles of wine.
This is Li Bai's style of sadness: sad but strong, sad but not sad, extremely angry but extremely bold. On the outside, he laments how easy it is to grow old in life, but on the inside, he laments the lack of talent.
The disillusionment of ideals was caused by the dark society, and the poet was unable to change it, so he turned his overwhelming anger into a bold act of pleasure, venting his dissatisfaction, dispelling his sorrow, and resisting reality. The whole article has great ups and downs, with the poetic mood suddenly rising and falling, turning from sadness to joy, to wildness, to anger, and then to wildness again. Finally, it comes down to "eternal sorrow", which responds to the beginning of the chapter, like a river flowing vertically and horizontally, twisting and turning, and capable of carrying a cauldron.
The whole poem has five tones, different sentence lengths, and an extraordinary atmosphere. This piece of work is so miraculous that it can shock the heavens and the earth and make ghosts and gods weep. It is the pinnacle work of the poet Li Bai.
"Heaven and earth are the reverse journey of all things; time is the passerby of hundreds of generations" ("Spring Night Banquet from Di Peach and Plum Garden Preface"). Although sadness is unavoidable, pessimism is not part of Li Bai's nature. Nearby. In his view, as long as "life is successful", there will be no regrets and one should indulge in joy.
The fifth and sixth sentences are a reversal, from "sadness" to "joy" and "joy". From then until "the cup never stops", the poetry gradually became wilder.
"If you have reached your destiny, you have no time to worry, and you can drink fine wine and climb high buildings" ("Liang Yuan Yin"). You cannot have fun without wine, so this is the topic. However, the sentence does not directly describe the contents of the cup, but uses the image language of "golden bottle" and "facing the moon", which is not only vivid, but also makes drinking poetic. The double negative sentence pattern of "" and "empty" is used instead of direct statement, and the tone is more emphatic.
"To be happy in life, you must have all the fun." This seems to promote the idea of ????carpe diem, but it is just a phenomenon. Has the poet ever been "proud"? "The phoenix issued the edict of purple mud at the beginning, and paid homage to the emperor and ascended the royal banquet" ("Yin of the Jade Pot") - it seems that he was too proud; however, it was just an illusion, "playing the sword, singing songs and playing bitter sounds, dragging the royal robe. "Thank you for your kindness" - it seems that there is no pride, but disappointment and indignation.
But are you just depressed? no. The poet then affirmed life and himself in an optimistic and strong tone: "I am born with talents that will be useful." This is an amazing sentence.
"Useful" and "necessary", how confident! It is almost like a declaration of human value, and this person—“I”—must be capitalized. Here, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, a positive essence hidden deep in it is revealed, which is a lack of talent and a desire to use the world.
It is precisely "there will be times when there are long winds and waves", why not drink and sing for such a future! What does it mean to spend money - "You will get it back after all the money you have spent!" This is another amazing sentence with a high degree of confidence. It can drive money without being controlled by money, which is really enough to make all ordinary people speechless. The poem is like the person. I think the poet "traveled to Weiyang in the past, less than a year, and scattered more than 300,000 yuan in gold" ("History of Pei Chang of Shang'an Prefecture"), what a heroic feat it was.
Therefore, the pride contained in this sentence is deep in the bones, and it is by no means a mere pretense. In line with this style, the author describes a grand feast, which is by no means "one plate of food or two plates? One pot or two pots of wine?" but a whole head of "cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle" ", and will never give up until he drinks "three hundred cups".
What a joyful feast, and what a heroic poem! At this point, the wild feeling reaches its climax and the melody of the poem accelerates. The poet's dazzling drunken state vividly appeared on the page, and it suddenly made people feel like they heard him shouting to persuade him to drink: "My dear, Dan Qiusheng, you are about to drink, don't stop drinking!" Several short sentences were suddenly added, which not only made the rhythm of the poem rich Changes, and write to force Xiao Xi to speak out.
Not only did he meet his best friend in life, but he also met his rival in wine. Not only did he "get carried away with you", the poet even forgot that he was writing poetry. The poems he wrote seemed to be restored to life. Song, please listen to it for me." The following eight lines are the song of the poem.
This idea is strange and strange, and it is purely a stroke of genius. "Bells, drums, food and jade" means a wealthy life (rich people ring bells and set tripods when eating, and the food is as exquisite as jade), but the poet thought it was "not expensive enough" and said, "I hope I will never wake up after being drunk for a long time."
At this point in the poem, it has clearly changed from wild to angry. This is not only drunken spouting arrogance, but also drunken spouting the truth.
As "I" was born with useful talents, I should have been the prime minister and prosperous, but "the road is like the blue sky, and I alone cannot reach it" ("The Road Is Difficult"). To say that wealth is "not noble enough" is out of indignation.
The following two sentences "All the sages in ancient times were lonely" are also angry words. The poet once lamented, "Who is allowed to care about Ge Jing?" Therefore, when he said that the ancients were "lonely", he also showed his own "loneliness".
That’s why I wish to stay drunk forever. Here, the poet has poured himself into the ancient wine cup.
When it comes to "only the drinker leaves his name", he cited "King Chen" Cao Zhi as a representative. And use his "Famous Capital Chapter" to "return to the banquet, and fight with ten thousand fine wines."