When you open China's ancient poems, you will see lush grass, gorgeous flowers, swaying trees, birds, flying butterflies and chirping insects. Phenological phenomena expand the theme of ancient poetry, create rich artistic conception, stimulate readers' interest in reading, expand people's spiritual vision and enhance people's taste.
"Firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Spring breeze comes, the earth warms, and the temperature begins to rise. "There is no youth in the New Year. I was surprised to see grass buds in early February. Snow is too late for spring, and she wears a court tree as a flying flower. " (Han Yu's Chun Xue) Although the snow is flying and the spring is chilly, the grass buds are visible. In Early Spring, Han Yu further described the phenological characteristics of early spring in accurate language: "The rain in the sky is crisp, but the grass in the distance is near." Spring rain is misty, spring rain is fine, and everything nourishes. The grass sticks out its small head and looks like a forest from a distance, but it is sparse at close range. Zhongchun, "all loves cannot be closed", "Wait a minute, and you will know that the east wind will always be spring." "Yellow four maiden flowers full, thousands of flowers low. Drifting butterflies are always dancing, and charming warblers just cry. " The east wind blows on your face, flowers are in full bloom, colorful, butterflies are flying, warblers are noisy, and your eyes are full of brightness and vitality. Spring is fading, "No one asks the fallen flowers outside, and Ran Ran is all over the world" (Song Cao's Late Spring). Willow has also drifted away from the "green willow and yellow half-jagged" and "ten thousand strands of green silk tapestry hanging down" in early spring, and the flock of life has drifted away: "Huayang Jade Pod has no talent, but only solves the problem of flying snow all over the sky." (Han Yu's Late Spring)
Summer comes as scheduled and the fruit begins to ripen. "Plums have soft teeth, and plantains are divided into green screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " (Song Yang Wanli, "Taking a nap in early summer")
Autumn has come, "leaves fall like waterfall foam" (Li Bai's hiking trip) and "frosty grass is cut" (Bai Juyi's Village Night), but nature is not stingy, urging chrysanthemums to bloom. In "Chrysanthemum", Yuan Zhen couldn't help saying that "chrysanthemums are not preferred among flowers, but flowers that are not in full bloom". Huang Chao in the Tang Dynasty also said, "Until September 8 in Qiu Lai, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom." . When the temperature drops and flowers and trees wither, only hardy plants can keep their true colors in the cold winter: "A few plums in a corner, cold ling alone in bloom", and when first frost is miserable, "when the wind is strong, the pine branches are vigorous".
Bloom flowers fall, plants wither, metabolism, natural cycle, follow the law. Of course, this rule is very common in temperate and subtropical regions.
Plants speak the language of nature, and animals move with time. As a phenological phenomenon, animals play an important role in ancient poetry.
"In the spring morning, I woke up easily, and birds were singing all around." As an important member of nature, birds first feel the change of temperature, release their own voices, chirp and chirp one after another, calling for friends and new songs of life.
Yan Shu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem Breaking the Array: "Swallows come, news agencies come, and pear flower falls is after the Qingming Festival. At three or four o'clock on the pond, there are one or two orioles at the bottom of the leaves, and the days are long and the flocs are light. Smile at the female companions in the East and please them in Sandao. I suspect that it was a good dream last night. Today, the grass fights Yuan Sheng and both sides laugh. " "Swallow" and "oriole" as phenology indicate the arrival of spring. The "new society" is the society in spring. According to ancient customs, there are two clubs a year: the spring club and the autumn club. The "Spring Festival" day (the fifth day after beginning of spring) is in the spring, with a strong sense of spring. Farmers take off their clothes and are busy farming in spring. At this time, the swallows came back, the orioles sang clearly, the grass on the ground grew, the moss in Chi Pan turned green, and the girls were playing grass in the wild (a game), full of vitality. "The forest shadows are silent, and the spring grass pond listens to frogs alone." In late spring, in the forest, Yinger stopped singing, but there was a loud frog sound in the pond. Only once or twice, gradually, "suffocation is a castle, frogs are orchestral music" (Chia Tang's Xia Meng). Yinger, Frog and Cicada, after you finished singing, I went on stage: "The shepherd boy rides an ox, and the song makes Lin Yue sing. I tried to catch cicadas and suddenly closed my mouth. " (See "Qing Yuan Mei"). When beginning of autumn arrived, the animals keenly felt that beginning of autumn's coolness was different from that of the past: "A milk crow scattered the jade screen, a pillow was cold, and a wind blew. There is nowhere to sleep in autumn, and the leaves are full moon. " (beginning of autumn by Song Liu Han). Then there is "no cicada at the beginning" (Frost Moon by Li Shangyin in in the Tang Dynasty). In the winter when the roads are covered with snow, it is "Xue Mei doesn't want to fall for spring" and "there are no birds in the mountains and no footprints in the thousand paths".
The nature of "all mountains are paintings, no water and no articles" always stimulates the poet's nerves, touches the poet's heartstrings and purifies the poet's soul. Poets have to write phenology. Moreover, they often naturally associate phenology with complex life processes, giving birth to many feelings. In their eyes, everything in nature is not only phenology, but also a symbol, an enlightenment and an aesthetic experience. From the atmosphere of "all flowers and colors are spring" to the persistence of "the lotus has been covered by rain, and the chrysanthemum is still there" (Song Sushi's Gift); From the tenacity of "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high" to the sobriety of "Wing Chun Day", "The yellow bird can't bear to listen to the sadness, and the green sun should watch the rain"; From "Where does the autumn wind come from? Xiao Xiao sent the goose. The desolation of "the lonely guest is heard before the tree enters the court in the morning" (Autumn Wind in Yuxi, Liu Tang) and the melancholy of "the geese in the river call the west wind in the middle-aged passenger ship listening to the rain"; How much sadness can I have when I ask you? A river flows eastward, and enemies of the country hate it. How much is leisure? The misty rain in Sichuan, the wind in the city and the yellow rain in plums are all gloomy ... isn't it a matter of things? It can be said with certainty that phenology has become a medium for poets to express their feelings. Nature has bred poets with Qian Qian knots in their hearts and nourished the colorful spiritual home of mankind. The poet's mind is ups and downs, waves are changing, and his manners are myriad. Only the vivid landscape of nature, flowers, birds, insects, fish and clouds can express the poet's infinite inspiration.