One: the rhythm of poetry (der rhythm)
Like Chinese, the important difference between poetry and other literary forms is segmentation and branching. Usually:
A poem is divided into die strophe)；;
Each paragraph is divided into several lines (der Vers).
The smallest unit of a poem is:
Die Silbe, that is, the syllable of each word.
If we recite a German poem slowly, we will find that stressed syllables and light syllables appear alternately according to certain rules.
This law is called "der Versmass" or "das Metrum".
In a poem, the smallest unit of rhythm, such as lightness and heaviness, or lightness and heaviness, is called rhythm.
Let's use "z" to indicate stressed syllables, "q" to indicate light syllables, and "/"to distinguish the steps. Then:
Ueber alle Gipfeln has the following steps:
z q /z q/z q
We call stress "Yang" and light tone "Suppression", so the above steps are "Yang and Suppression"
There are four types of steps * * *:
Impact /q z/
Yang yige /z q/
Elevated and inhibited conditions /z q q/
Iyengar /q z z/
Secondly, the rhyming form of poetry (das Reimschema) and the rhyming category (die Reimart).
The end of each line of verse should rhyme (reimen vt), and the last word of each line of verse should adopt the same end according to a certain format.
Der Endreim echoes each other. Take Goethe's poems as an example:
Everyone who gave help, with the help of Allen, lost courage; Schweigen of Valday. Hello, hello.
As you can see, its rhyme is:
eln，u，eln，u；
Ah, ok, ok, ok.
The rhyme of the first four lines is: a, b, a, b.
The rhyme of the last four lines is: a, b, b, a.
There are three common rhymes in German:
Cross rhyme: a, b, a, b, c, d, c, d, etc. For example, the first four lines of Goethe's poem.
Double rhyme: a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, etc.
Baoyun: A, B, B, A, C, D, D, C, etc. , such as the last four lines of Goethe's poem.
In addition, as far as rhyme is concerned, it can be divided into:
Homonyms such as: Sang > Click to download Klang.
Homonym rhymes like finden > click to download muenden.
Sometimes, besides rhyming at the end, poets like to put some rhymes in the middle of the lines. There are two types:
Alliteration: that is, two or more words begin with the same consonant or syllable, such as Wind und Welle.
Abdominal rhyme: the rhyme of the middle syllable of a word, such as Eine starke schwarze Barke.
The above, more German poetry, will be easily confirmed.
"Traveling with my friends,
The tragedy seen from my arm.
I didn't copy a letter by mistake.
See a devil with a poor soul.
But the word order is completely reversed. From German to German. Is it similar to Joe?
The nature of prepositions, such as gegenueber and entlang, can you put nouns before prepositions? But I seem to
I haven't seen such usage. Is it an "irregular" usage only in poetry? "
There is no doubt that this involves the word order of sentences in German poetry. In fact, there are many word orders in China's classical poems.
An example of Zhang. For example:
Du fu's poem:' fragrant rice pecks at parrot grains, while phoenix tree perches on old phoenix branches.' It is a typical' word order inversion' sentence.
Among them,' fragrant rice/parrot' and' phoenix tree/phoenix tree' should be adjusted, because fragrant rice can't be pecked, and phoenix tree can't.
Can live, not be lived. Since the Tang Dynasty, many scholars have commented on these two poems, but the most recognized view is that care is light.
Stress, that is, the corresponding flat tone (Note: One or two sounds of Chinese characters are flat, which is equivalent to light reading, and three or four sounds are equivalent to slurring, which is equivalent to
Reread. )
If the word order is adjusted according to semantics, it can be changed to:
Parrots peck fragrant rice grains, and phoenix perches on old chicken branches.
- | - - - | || - | | - - -
At this point, the voice of sentencing and the voice of peace are crowded at one end, but there is no:
The fragrant rice pecks at the parrot, and the phoenix tree perches on the old phoenix branch.
- | - - - | |- - | | | - -
It's easy to read when it's flat.
Gehngut's example on the online German Garden Forum is very interesting. We think that accents are an understatement.
Marked with a flat voice, the syllable distribution of the sentence is roughly as follows:
Traveling with her, I'm not afraid anymore,
|- - | | - | - - | -
I'll never see you again.
|- - | | | - | - | -
(Teufel's second syllable is often weak [fl], which is not a syllable. )
If you put the ancestor before the word order, it becomes:
Traveling with her, I'm not afraid anymore,
|- - | | -| - - | -
I've never met a German.
|- - - | | - | - | -
At this time, we found that if we read sentences at the speed of reciting poems, we would not be as fluent as the original.
But one thing is certain, that is, the grammar of poetry, no matter what language, may be very' out of line'
Look at the following lines:
My dream is happy,
|| - | - | -
My tail is gray,
I don't know what to do,
|- -| - | - -
My eyes can't see clearly.
Schon is my lover,
| - | -| | - | - -
My beloved wife passed away many years ago,
Ryan and I have come all the way,
|-| - | | - - | -
Now, while jogging, fantasize.
Hassan's travel and travel,
| - - | - - | -
Running slowly, dreaming of rabbits,
The cold wind blows hard in winter,
| - - - - | - - | | -
Listening to the wind, roaring on this winter night,
Traveling with my friends,
| - - | | - - - - | -
My burning throat is swallowing ice and snow,
The tragedy seen from my arm.
| - -| | | - | - | -
Let me take my unfortunate soul to the devil.
1: These lines can be divided into two sections:
The rhyme of the first paragraph is: abab = grau, sehen, frau, rehen (Reh rhymes in plural)
The rhyme of the second paragraph is: aabb = Hasen (hase is also a plural rhyme), blasen, kehle, seele.
2. Poetry tries to pursue the perfection of sound steps, but it is not an extreme norm.
There are about four steps in each line.
The tone step is mainly to raise and suppress the case (that is, to emphasize lightly) to reflect the sad mood.
3. Sentence or word order:
The last two lines:
Traveling with my friends,
It seems that the word is omitted. If you add different words, the meaning will be different. This is done to coordinate the tempo with the next line.
The tragedy seen from my arm.
In this line, zu is placed after Teufel, which is the most typical example of changing the word order to take care of the steps.
4. Lack of pen power
The fifth line is:
Hassan's travel and travel,
First, it is repetitive with the meaning of the fourth line above, and second, it is out of step. This line is purely for rhyming blasen in the sixth line.
I bet the author came up with the sixth line before he had to write the fifth line like this.