Essay title: Argumentative essay
Keywords: Argumentative essay for senior high school students 6200 words
Number of words: 6200 words essay
This article is suitable for: Senior year of high school
Source of the essay:
This essay is a 6,200-word essay about the senior year of high school. The title is: "Argumentative Essay". Everyone is welcome to contribute.
1. Suggestions on teaching methods
To inspire others
The three reading texts in this unit are all literary reviews and are argumentative essays. In teaching, paragraph teaching or fragment teaching is adopted to clarify the purpose and requirements of ability training, highlight ability training points, and combine reading practice to implement the required abilities.
The specific steps of teaching are: students read the text by themselves and initially grasp the full text content; teachers set up questions to trigger students to think deeply from multiple perspectives; teachers analyze and solve problems to achieve the purpose of ability training.
Guidance
Articles are the carrier of information. Filtering information is an important reading skill. When reading articles, you often need to quickly and effectively filter out relevant information based on the purpose of reading. The ability training point of this unit is "screening information", which includes: screening the main arguments of the article, screening the main content of the article, and screening important sentences and key words in the article. For example, when studying "On the Characters and Structure of "Water Margin"", you can take paragraphs 2-4 as an example to see what the author's main arguments are; when studying "The Development and Laws of Ancient Chinese Novels", you can see how the author narrates ancient novels. The context of development; regarding important sentences and key words in the text, there are many such examples scattered in each lesson. We can choose a few of them to experience.
How to filter information? When filtering information, you must have a clear reading purpose, be good at distinguishing points and materials, main content and secondary content, phenomenon and essence, reasoning and conclusions, and be good at perceiving the expressive power of language.
Regarding the writing of reviews (referring to literary reviews and ideological reviews), there are only general requirements. Comments on a certain work or a certain idea often focus on one aspect of the content, focusing on discussion, combining narrative with discussion, and combining with analysis.
2. Xuehai Navigation
Classic question solutions
⒈ Carefully read paragraphs 2-4 of "On the Characters and Structure of "Water Margin"" and think about the author's views Outline the characteristics of character description in "Water Margin".
Tip: This question trains students’ ability to screen the arguments and sub-arguments of an article. An article may have one main argument or two main arguments, and they may be supported by sub-arguments. Only by clearly understanding the relationship between these arguments and sub-arguments can the overall idea of ??the article be clear.
Answer points: This part includes two main arguments and three sub-arguments. In other words, there are three sub-arguments under the first main argument and the second main argument. That is: Argument (1): Be good at describing the character's behavior from the perspective of class consciousness. Argument (2): Everything about the characters is explained by the actions of the characters themselves, and the author never makes a single comment. Some students immediately extracted the first sentence of the second paragraph, "Everyone has a different appearance." After reading the text carefully, you will find that this is not the author's opinion, but the opinion of predecessors. ⒉Paragraphs 6 and 7 of the text talk about the structure of "Water Margin". What idea is outlined in paragraph 6? What is discussed in paragraph 7?
Tips: The first question requires students to distinguish the structural levels within the paragraph and filter out the author's specific views; the second question combines the title with an accurate grasp of the reading range to answer the question.
Answer key points: Paragraph 6 outlines two perspectives. One is "From the perspective of the whole book, the structure of "Water Margin" is not an organic structure"; the other is "From the perspective of a character's story, the structure of "Water Margin" is strict and even organic." If paragraph 6 summarizes the point of view, paragraph 7 is the elaboration of the point of view. Paragraph 7 focuses on the latter point of paragraph 6. The author believes that "first, the development of the story is linked up and down, step by step, but also dense and dense, swaying and colorful. Second, he is good at using changing and intricate techniques to avoid straightforward narration." This is a specific explanation of "The structure of "Water Margin" is strict and organic."
⒊Paragraph 3 of the article, "Being good at describing the character's behavior from the perspective of class consciousness is the biggest feature of character description in "Water Margin"". The word "good at" is used very appropriately. How should it be understood.
Tip: Being able to filter and grasp key words is a reflection of the reader's reading ability to figure out the sentence and understand the meaning of the text. By working hard on the details and grasping a key word, you can often accurately grasp the author's thoughts and feelings and the deep connotation of the article.
Key points in the answer: ① From a structural point of view, the word "good at" is used to describe the beginning of the second paragraph, "Everyone has a different appearance. This is a general comment; this sentence alone is not enough to explain "Water Margin" "Characteristics of character description", "not enough to explain", that is to say, there are other characteristics, what are they? It is what the author puts forward as "being good at describing the character's behavior from the perspective of class consciousness".
② "Water Margin" describes people from the perspective of class consciousness, which Mr. Mao Dun summarized from the descriptions of Yang Zhi, Lin Chong, and Lu Da. There are many characters in "Water Margin", and not all characters are written in this way. The author has affirmed The characteristics of this character description are not exaggerated casually. The word "good at" is used to objectively evaluate this writing method. ③The use of "good at" captures the essence of describing characters in "Water Margin" from the perspective of class consciousness, and has far-reaching implications. This article was written by the author in the early 1950s. When I read it today, I still feel that the formulation is not outdated and the analysis is quite appropriate. The key is the appropriate use of class analysis methods.
⒋During teaching, some students raised a ridiculous question: In the fourth paragraph of "On the Characters and Structure of "Water Margin"", "In the end, we could clearly see his facial features and even his voice and smile. "That's a bad sentence!"
Could it be that Mao Dun wrote a bad sentence? Invite students to read and think.
Tip: This is a question of accurately filtering statement information. When we understand a word or sentence, we must closely rely on the specific language environment. Judging and analyzing problems without context will inevitably lead to deviations and misinterpretation of the original meaning.
Answer points: This sentence is not a sick sentence. Here is an analogy. The life experiences and personalities of the characters in "Water Margin" are all revealed through their actions. By the time the story is finished, the characters' images have been completely revealed. This is like describing a person walking from far to near, first seeing what he is wearing, then seeing his face shape, and finally seeing everything about him. "Voice, smile, and appearance" in this specific context refers to the character's entire image.
⒌Read "The Development and Laws of Ancient Chinese Novels" to quickly and accurately summarize the development of ancient Chinese novels.
Tips: Mr. Wu Zuxiang’s article is clearly organized, has concise historical data, precise comments, and is concise and concise. It is suitable for training in selecting the main content of the text. This question is based on the first half of the text, "The Development of Ancient Novels in my country," and sorts out the development of ancient novels in chronological order. In the process of sorting out, pay attention to distinguishing the development clues of historical materials from the novel, and distinguishing the critical words from the development clues of the novel, so as to be uncluttered.
Key points of the answer: The origin of novels is myths and legends - novels about people and people with ambitions appeared in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties - legendary novels appeared in the Tang Dynasty - story-telling novels and romances appeared in the Song and Yuan Dynasties Novel─In the Ming and Qing dynasties, literati independently created novels.
The following selects part of the text in the fourth paragraph of "Four Poems on Bai Juyi and Xin Qiji" to formulate a comprehensive exercise aimed at improving the ability to grasp information. The excerpt from the original text is as follows:
"The peach and plum blossoms in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the spring is in the shepherd's purse flowers in Xitou" are the finishing touch of the whole poem. It seems to be describing a scene and making a speech. These two sentences determine the mood of the whole word. If you only look at the first three sentences and the sentence "Green flag selling wine", the mood of this poem seems to be very pleasant. Is it enjoyable? To understand poetry, you must know how to understand people and the world. When looking at a poem in isolation, it is sometimes difficult to understand it. This is the level of this poem. It turns out that Xin Qiji was a loyal man, and he was in Nanjing, which was far away from Hangzhou. The Jin soldiers from the north had captured the Hui and Qin emperors, and they were still being pressed forward. He wanted to recover, but most of the people in the court were in a daze. Those who are incompetent and just trying to make ends meet leave him helpless and resentful in their hearts. It is this mood that has become the basic sentiment of many of his words. [A] This poem actually has a sad sound. [B] The sentence "The setting sun is cold and the forest is dotted with dusk crows" has already revealed a little bit of information, but the sentence "The peach and plum trees are worried about the wind and rain" fully expresses the emotion of how the beautiful and beautiful rivers and mountains are so incomplete. [C] In the past, whenever poets and poets had something difficult to explain, they always used natural things to express it symbolically. Whenever Xin Ci talks about wind and rain knocking down spring flowers, he mostly alludes to the situation of the Southern Song Dynasty being invaded by the Jin soldiers. The most famous ones are "More winds and rains can be eliminated, and spring returns in a hurry. I cherish the spring and fear that the flowers will bloom early, not to mention the countless falling reds" in "Moyu'er", and "I'm afraid of the nearness of Zhu Yingtai" On the upper floor, there are nine winds and rains in ten days, and pieces of broken heart are red, but no one cares about it, who can do it, and the crow of the oriole can live." The "peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain" here still laments that the Southern Song Dynasty was bullied by the Jin soldiers. [Ding] From this we can also see the principle of contrast in poetry. Contrast means trying to get something first, starting from a happy scene and moving to a miserable state of mind. In this way, the miserable ones appear more miserable by contrasting each other. The ancients often used the word "sadness" when talking about Xin's poems, and his sadness lies in this place. But sadness does not mean disappointment. The sentence "Spring is in Xitou shepherd's purse flowers" shows that Xin Qiji still had great hope for the peaceful situation in the Southern Song Dynasty. This hope was aroused by the sight of working people engaged in mulberry farming that the author saw in the countryside. The first sentence explains that "poems can be complained" (complaints), and the second sentence explains that "poems can be inspired" (encouragement is promoted). After chewing the taste of these two lines of poetry, you will realize the meaning of implicitness in poetry, the meaning of exhaustive words but infinite meaning.
⒍“From now on we can also see the principle of contrast in poetry” refers to ( )
A. Write about the feeling of worry about the country, and first exaggerate the feeling of early spring Pleasant scene
B. The gorgeous peaches and plums are suffering from the ruthless wind and rain
C. The beautiful rivers and mountains are in ruins, and the rich peaches and plums are battered by the wind and rain
D. Use natural things to represent unspeakable hidden things
Tips: In reading, understanding the meaning of some words involves understanding the meaning of the sentence and even the meaning of the text.
Therefore, being good at filtering out such words is an important reading ability. The understanding of the referential role of "this" in this question is related to the understanding of part of the text.
Answer key: The answer is B. Understanding ①: Before "From now on we can see the principle of contrast in poetry", the author cited "Moyu'er" and "Zhu Yingtai is near", which have already pointed out the characteristics of Xin's poetry; Reason ②: In "From now on we can After seeing the principle of contrast in the poems", he also gave the reminder "start from the happy scene and move to the sad state of mind".
⒎The incorrect understanding of "taste" in the article is ( )
A. There is too much helplessness in the pain, but it is not completely hopeless
B. You can no longer see the beautiful scene of blooming peaches and plums, so you can only place your affection on the wild flowers by the stream
C. Let the peaches and plums in the city wither in the wind and rain, the spring music in the wild is enough to make people intoxicated
D. The misfortune of peaches and plums is sighing and helpless, making the chill of early spring even more unbearable.
Tips: Grasp the key words in the sentence and further understand the connotation of the poem.
Answer key: The answer is C. The statement in item C fails to reflect the meaning of "poetry can be resentful" and "poetry can be prosperous".
⒏This paragraph of text has a general beginning at the beginning and a general conclusion at the end. It can be a relatively independent paragraph. Ignoring the sentence that summarizes the beginning and the end, if you want to divide the middle body part into two levels, where do you think it should be divided among [A], [B], [C], and [D]? and briefly explain the reasons.
Tips: To divide the levels within a paragraph, you must first understand what information the entire paragraph conveys to the reader, and then deeply study the relationship between sentences, distinguish the levels within the paragraph, and determine the relationship between each level and relationships at every level.
Answer key: mark at [C]. The reason is: in short, before "C", we talk about the tone of the word, and after "C", we talk about the writing technique of the word.
Appreciation of wonderful articles
Read the following and write a literary criticism as required.
Moon Shadow
(Former Soviet Union) B. Astafiev
In front of the ship sailing at night, the moon shadow plays on the smooth water. It suddenly glows with silver light waves, sometimes flashes with green phosphorescence, sometimes expands left and right, sometimes meanders like a snake, sometimes jumps like a tadpole, and sometimes runs like a smart lizard.
I am waiting anxiously; I believe that the ship will soon catch up with this lively moon shadow, subdue it, and split it with its bow.
But time passed minute by minute, hour after hour, but the shadow of the moon on the water in the distance kept running forward, running in front of the ship, and briskly in front of the nervously working machine. running.
How similar this night scene is to life - don’t you always feel that you can capture the true meaning of life and understand and reveal the eternal mysteries just by looking at it?
Requirements: ① You can comment on a certain aspect of ideological content or writing characteristics.
② Cannot be written as a review.
③No less than 600 words.
Play hard to get
──A brief discussion of "Moon Shadow"
The night is fixed, the ship, the moon shadow, this is the beginning of the article. The writer places us on a ship under the wonderful night sky, admiring and chasing the moon shadow.
I don’t know whether the silver moon was as full as a disk that night, or as short as a hook; I don’t know whether the wind and waves on the sea were blowing slowly, or as fast as a charge. None of this matters. The writer was only attracted by the moon shadow - it is lively, as described in the article, "playing on the smooth water, sometimes showing silver waves, sometimes flashing phosphorescence, sometimes expanding left and right", it is like "a snake meandering" , "tadpoles jumping", "lizards running"... It's hard to tell which one is Yueying's true face, and which one is a mask worn out of shyness or naughtiness.
The writer is unique in casting the shadow of the moon on the sea into the readers' hearts. We were intoxicated with him because of the cuteness of the moon shadow; but we were unwilling to fall asleep, waiting to catch up with the moon shadow because of the mystery of the moon shadow.
In anxiety, time flies by. The ship is moving forward, the night is moving forward, and the moon shadow is also moving forward. It is always in front of us. Approaching again and again and far away again and again, we seemed to hear her chuckle, but could not catch her.
As the night is about to pass, the moon’s shadow will sink to the bottom of the sea, waiting for the next night to look at the moon from afar and share the happiness with a new group of sailors. And we were filled with disappointment.
At this time, it seems that the writer will use a gray tone to express the regret in his heart, and it seems that he will draw an incomplete end to the story of Yueying. However, with a twist of the pen, Yueying jumped into real life. Walking out of the night, we find that life is so similar to the moon shadow.
Yueying is naughty, she is always in front, teasing us, and avoiding us, just to collect all our attention; life is real, she inspires people to pursue and create , just for a better future. The writer is mature. He plays hard to get and takes us between the shadow of the moon and life, just to reveal the true meaning of life. And they all succeeded.
I admire the writer's superb writing skills. In addition to the blend of emotion and reason in the prose, we get to know the moon shadow and life again, and feel their true charm--between closeness and distance, sparks of hope are created.
Look!
That moon shadow that belongs to you is right in front of you. Take courage and chase it!
Comment: This is a commentary written by students in conjunction with the writing training in this unit. This article captures the main writing feature of "Moon Shadow", which is "play hard to get", and triggers the association of Moon Shadow and life - they are always in front of people, and people have been chasing them tirelessly. The young author finally "felt their true charm - sparking a spark of hope between closeness and distance", which is very commendable.
Mental gymnastics
The most important message conveyed by the following text is:
Not long ago, at the International Cancer Experts Conference held in Denver, USA, medical science Scientists have announced that they have discovered through clinical trials that the common cold virus can kill cancer cells.
Many cancer patients who voluntarily accepted the trial had their cancer cells shrink after receiving this treatment.
Experts pointed out that genetic engineering methods should be used to develop adenovirus organisms that can cause colds, so that cancer cells containing mutable genes can be infected with colds. This new technology is estimated to save the lives of 100,000 cancer patients every year.
A. Currently, the ongoing trials of using cold viruses to treat cancer have achieved promising results
B. In the future, the new method of using cold viruses to treat cancer will be increasingly widely promoted
C. At present, the fact that cancer cells shrink under the influence of cold viruses has attracted the attention of the medical community
D. In the future, it is necessary to overcome the new method of using genetic engineering to infect cancer cells with colds. Technology
The answer is D. Two items A and C talk about the experiments and experimental results obtained by using cold viruses to treat cancer. They are symptoms, not substantive issues, and the answers are inappropriate. In item B, if the new technology has not yet been successfully established, how can it be said to be "widely promoted"? The answer is incorrect. In item D, developing a new technology that allows cancer cells to catch colds is the fundamental solution to the suffering of cancer patients. It is a substantive issue and should be selected as D.
3. Intelligent display
Know what you know
Various tests at all levels may involve some knowledge of this unit, such as: ① Use words correctly. "On the Characters and Structure of "Water Margin"" includes: fabrication, speculation, attachment, wife-shadowing, ups and downs, excitement, strife, vertical and horizontal opening and closing; "The Development and Laws of Ancient Chinese Novels" includes: meaning, Pure, beauties are revealed, and strangled; "Four Poems on Bai Juyi and Xin Qiji" include: diffuse, exaggerated, scum, knowing people and the world, confused and incompetent, piled up in a dull way, and making inferences. ② Common sense knowledge about the development of ancient Chinese novels in "The Development and Laws of Ancient Chinese Novels". ③ Combined with writing practice, master the general writing methods of literary criticism and ideological criticism.
Use your brain and hands-on skills
⒈ Summarize the main meaning of the following sentences correctly ( )
With the development of communication technology, people all over the world can At the same time, a large amount of various information can be accurately obtained in a very short period of time through telecom services, telex, telephone (wired, visual, recording...), television, and computer information receiving systems.
A. People receive information with comprehensive and large-scale characteristics
B. The recipients of information have the characteristics of extensive and large-scale
C. People receive information with Characteristics of immediacy
D. The transmission of information is accurate and fast
Answer C. To grasp the main information of a long sentence, focus on key words, "simultaneously", "extremely short time" and "obtain", which of course refers to the immediacy of receiving information, so you should choose C; item A emphasizes the comprehensiveness, large amount and deviation of the information. , not selected; the subjects of items B and D are incorrect, so they are not selected.
⒉ Fill in the text in the box below. The most appropriate one is ( )
Fielding said: "A bad book is like a bad friend. It might kill you."
That's true. But there is no need to go to the other extreme and exaggerate the impact of books on people's character. The more common situation is: ________
A. Good people suffer deeply from reading bad books, while bad people benefit slightly from reading good books.
B. Good people read the good books and take the essence. A bad person will get rid of the dross after reading a bad book
C. A good person will become even better after reading a good book, and a bad person will be hopeless after reading a bad book
D. A good person will still be better after reading a bad book He is a good person, but a bad person is still a bad person after reading a good book
Answer D. First of all, clarify the meaning of the question. The first paragraph talks about the bad effects of bad books from the negative side. The second paragraph reminds people not to blindly exaggerate the effects of books. What is the more common situation? It should be said that it is general, in most cases, so choose D. The semantic meaning of the first half of item A is exaggerated and does not conform to the original text, so it is not selected; the entire meaning of item B deviates from the original text, and there is no meaning of "taking the essence" or "removing the dross" in the original text, so it is not selected; the entire semantic meaning of item C is exaggerated and is not selected If it conforms to the original text, it will not be selected.
⒊Based on the following news, write "one sentence news" (extract the important information in the "news" and write only one sentence, no limit to single or complex sentences, no more than 35 words)
On March 15, 1999, ×× reported to Chengdu News, shocking news came from the Chenghua paging station: starting from today, all calls made to the paging station using the newly opened 800 service of the station within the city of Chengdu will be free. It is reported that it is the first time in the country that a paging station has launched the 800 number service to pay users.
Industry insiders say that the No. 800 service is the "calling free service". It is a new service developed by the telecommunications department two years ago. The calling phone user does not pay, but the applicant unit (i.e. The called party (usually a paging station) pays. This service is mostly used by large enterprises or powerful commercial organizations as a consultation hotline or supply hotline. However, due to the unique nature of paging stations with a huge number of users, no one in China has applied to open the 800 number service before.
News in one sentence: _______________________________________________
Answer: On March 15, 1999, Chengdu Chenghua paging station launched the No. 800 service, which was the first domestic paging station.
Extracting important information is based on carefully reading the raw materials, grasping the important information points, and then integrating the language. For this material, there are four information points: the time when the business was opened, the subject, the name of the business and its meaning.
Innovation Forum
Write a paragraph after the text below to express your opinion on the initiative of "the appearance of roadblocks at intersections". (Within 60 words, pay attention to concise language)
Recently, at the parking line of the non-motor lane at the northwest corner of Guanyuan Bridge on the Second Ring Road in Beijing, there were two on-duty personnel holding small red flags with "safety" in their hands. , one of them was holding a string with colorful strips in his hand. It turns out that when the red light is on, the on-duty personnel will pull up the string and make it flush with the parking line, and the cyclists will line up in order behind the string to wait; when the green light is on, the on-duty personnel will put away the string so that the cyclists can ride smoothly. Passage.
Supplementary paragraph: In modern cities_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
After students think about it, you can give us your answers.
Reference answer: This backward method should not be promoted. I hope every cyclist will have an invisible string in his heart to restrain himself and consciously abide by traffic rules.