About the solar system

There is a beautiful galaxy in the vast universe, and that is the solar system. Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy put forward "geocentric theory" after astronomical observation in Alexandria. (At that time, the telescope had not been invented in Ptolemy era, and some astronomical observations were mainly made with the naked eye. It is observed that the sun, the moon and some very bright planets, such as Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter, rise in the east and set in the west every day, including the sun and the moon, thus forming the concept that these celestial bodies all revolve around the earth. He thinks that the earth is the center of the universe, and other celestial bodies are moving around the earth. This is the so-called "geocentric theory". This theory has lasted 1000 years in the west. /kloc-Copernicus, a polish astronomer in the 0 th and 6 th centuries, published the book "On the Operation of Celestial Bodies" in 1543 after nearly 40 years of hard research. Copernicus thought that the earth was not the center of the universe, but an ordinary planet, and systematically put forward the Heliocentrism. However, Copernicus' theory has not been properly applied and publicized for a long time. Bruno, a great scientific pioneer, was burned alive by dark religious forces in Rome Square in order to promote Copernicus' Heliocentrism. It was not until the17th century that the Italian scientist Galileo invented the telescope. Galileo proved that "Heliocentrism" was correct and denied "geocentric theory" by observing facts. The solar system consists of the sun and a group of celestial bodies revolving around it. The sun is the only shining star in the solar system. With its huge mass, it attracts other members to move around themselves in a certain orbit. The sun and its members include a star, eight planets, four dwarf planets and at least sixty-three satellites, as well as about one million asteroids and countless comets. The sun is located in the center of the solar system and is the master of the solar system. Its mass is 745 times that of all the planets in the solar system combined. Therefore, she has enough charm to lead large and small families around her. The sun is the only star whose surface details can be observed. What we directly observe is the atmosphere of the sun, which is divided into three layers from the inside out: the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona. The atmosphere of the sun is in local violent motion. Such as: the appearance of sunspots, the change of prominence, the outbreak of flares and so on. The occurrence of solar activity is closely related to the solar magnetic field. There are eight planets in the solar system orbiting the sun, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun among the nine planets and the fastest moving planet in the solar system. Because mercury is too close to the sun and small, it is difficult for people to see it at ordinary times. The surface of mercury is very similar to the moon. It was covered with craters of all sizes. Mercury's atmosphere is extremely thin, and the temperature difference between day and night is very large. During the day, the surface temperature can reach above 427 degrees, and the minimum temperature at night can be reduced to about-173 degrees. It is called "Taibai Venus" in China, which is what we call "Venus". It is the second planet from near to far from the sun. It is the closest planet to the earth. Venus has a high surface temperature and no liquid water. In the atmosphere of Venus, carbon dioxide is the most, accounting for more than 97%. At the same time, there is a thick layer of acid cloud up to 20 to 30 kilometers thick. Venus's rotation is very special. Its rotation direction is opposite to that of other planets, from west to east. Therefore, on Venus, the sun rises in the west and sets in the east. The earth, the home of mankind, is already a 4.6 billion-year-old birthday star, which originated from the primitive solar nebula. Under the action of the earth's gravity, a large number of gases gather around the earth to form a blanket, which is the earth's atmosphere. The earth is like a top, rotating from west to east along its axis of rotation. Mars is a close neighbor of the earth. It shares many characteristics with the earth. They all have satellites, moving sand dunes, sandstorms raised by strong winds, and white ice caps at the north and south poles, except that the ice caps on Mars are dry ice. There are also obvious seasonal changes on Mars. But beyond that, Mars is very different from the Earth. The surface of Mars is a desolate world, and carbon dioxide in the air accounts for 95%. The atmosphere of Mars is very thin, and its density is less than 1% of the earth's atmosphere. The surface temperature of Mars is extremely low, and the lowest temperature can reach-123℃. Jupiter is the largest of the nine planets. Its brightness is second only to Venus. Jupiter's atmosphere is similar to that of the sun, with a central temperature of 30,000 degrees Celsius. Jupiter also has a strong magnetic field, and its surface magnetic field intensity is about 10 times that of the earth. Jupiter rotates very fast and is the fastest planet in the solar system. Jupiter is a planet with more satellites in the solar system. So far, we have found that Jupiter has 16 satellites, which form a family with Jupiter: Jupiter system. Saturn seems to be a beautiful sun hat floating in the vast universe, and it is the most beautiful planet in the solar system. Saturn is oblate. Saturn's atmospheric movement is relatively calm, and its surface temperature is very low, about-140 degrees Celsius. Saturn's beautiful optical ring consists of countless small celestial bodies, which revolve around Saturn on Saturn's equatorial plane. Titan, the most famous of which has an atmosphere, is the only celestial body with an atmosphere among the solar system satellites found so far. Uranus is a distant planet, because methane in its atmosphere reflects blue light, making Uranus appear blue-green. Uranus' orbit is an ellipse, and its axis of rotation is almost parallel to the orbital plane, so some people call Uranus "an upside-down planetary world". Like Saturn, Uranus has beautiful rings of light. Its aura consists of 20 thin rings, each with a different color, colorful and beautiful. Neptune is a distant planet. Neptune is oblate and the atmosphere mainly contains hydrogen. Neptune is a world where the wind is howling in cloud flying, and there are many turbulent cyclones rolling in the atmosphere. Because Neptune is too far away from the sun, its surface temperature is very low, usually below MINUS 200 degrees Celsius. So far, Neptune has been found to have eight moons. Pluto was discovered in 1930. Ground observation shows that the surface of Pluto is covered with solid methane, and its atmosphere is very thin. As Pluto moves away from the sun, this thin layer of gas will gradually solidify on the surface. Pluto is still a mysterious planet because no spacecraft has visited it. Because Pluto is so far away from the sun, its surface temperature is almost close to MINUS 240 degrees Celsius. On Pluto, the sun looks like a bright star.