definition
Pancake, one of the traditional foods in China, is made of mixed flour and paste, mostly made of coarse grains and refined flour. After baking into a cake, it has less water and is dry, and its shape is like cowhide. Can be thick or thin, easy to stack, rich in taste, and resistant to hunger after eating. Generally round, loose and porous.
The benefits of eating pancakes
Pancakes are mostly made of coarse grains. Eating pancakes often can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and is beneficial to gastrointestinal health. Secondly, pancakes are chewy and chewy. Eating pancakes often is good for dental health. Many old ladies in Suqian are about 70 years old and their teeth are still strong. Ask her what health care methods she has, and the answer is that she often eats pancakes.
other
Pancakes in Shandong and Suqian are delicious ~ People in Taian and Linyi in Shandong often spread pancakes to eat, and some places have become industries, such as Six Sisters Pancakes in Mengyin, Linyi, and Baishiwu Pancakes in Feixian. There are many varieties, including corn flour, mung bean powder and sorghum powder. , beautifully packaged and sold all over the country. In the past, people always took dry pancakes when they went out. When they are hungry, they soak them in water, because dry pancakes last a long time. . . Nowadays, many restaurants also offer specialties. A dish (or meat or vegetables) and a small bowl of sauce are rolled in semi-dry pancakes. It's beautiful. Just don't eat too much. Otherwise, my cheeks will hurt the next day.
ZT
The invention of pancakes
-Zhuge Liang's contribution to his hometown
Some people think that Zhuge Liang was born in Linyi, but he didn't contribute to his hometown. He wrote satirical poems:
Born in Langya County
Tired to death in surprisingly.
Be ashamed of one's homeland
Always fan the wind with feathers
Actually, this is a misunderstanding. Pancakes, the staple food of Linyi people, were invented by Zhuge Liang. At the beginning of Zhuge Liang's assistance to Liu Bei, he was outnumbered and was often hunted by Cao Bing. He was once surrounded by the Yi River and the Sui River.
The cookstoves were gone, and the soldiers were hungry and sleepy, so Zhuge Liang asked the cook to bring water and jade.
Rice noodles are made of paste. Light the gold (copper), spread the rice paste flat with a wooden stick, and fry a delicious pancake. After eating it, the morale of the officers and men was greatly boosted. Deus ex and local people also learned to cook in this way, but copper is expensive and easy to crack, so people bake pancakes with iron. Since then, pancakes have spread in Yimeng. ...
Pancake diplomacy
Before the Chibi War, Zhuge Liang came to Wu Dong. Sun Quan gave a banquet in honor of Zhou Yu. There are all kinds of dishes in the north and south, which shows that Wu Dong is rich. At the banquet, Zhou threw away the special dishes of Jiangdong in front of Sun Quan to show his intention of sticking to Jiangdong. Sun Quan also smiled at Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang ordered people to take pancakes and eat the leftovers. Zhou Yu was surprised: "Sir, you want to sweep the world by knocking Zhuge Liang with a smile." Sun Quan also took a pancake, ate it in dishes other than Sichuan cuisine, and laughed with Zhuge Liang. Since then, the two sides have jointly defeated Cao Bing. Wu Zetian's admonition minister Xu Yougong (Linyi) wrote a poem when he arrived at Chibi:
The rolling Yangtze River is a natural barrier.
How to stop millions of tiger and wolf soldiers
If it wasn't for pancakes and Wu Shu,
April has long been owned by Tsao Gong.
Pancake secret recipe
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan was very angry with Liu Bei for not borrowing Jingzhou, so he sent Zhu Gejin to beg for it. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang had to agree, so they wrote a book for Guan Yu, asked Zhuge Liang to bring it to Guan Yu, and asked his entourage to send pancakes and glutinous rice porridge to Guan Yu when they met.
Feather, as a consolation, Guan Yu accepted it and understood that it meant "annexing Jingzhou", so
Guan Yu returned to Zhuge Li one by one and formally incorporated Jingzhou into the territory of Western Shu. To this end, everyone in Wu Dong has come back.
Because Guan Yu was guilty, Guan Yu also went to Maicheng and was killed by General Monroe of Wu Dong, so he was in Guan Yu
There is a saying in his hometown of Yuncheng, Shanxi: "Pancakes helped Zhuge Liang, but they hurt Guan Yu to go to Maicheng."
But Wang Jing, a Linyi man who was a prince of the Ming Dynasty, disagreed and wrote a poem to correct the name of pancakes:
People who eat pancakes are blessed with a long life.
Why did you hurt Guan Gong alone?
Heroes are the most jealous.
We should beware of Amon under Wu Zhi.
Shanbei pancake
Processed from refined buckwheat bran, it can be used with dried bean curd, hot tofu and all kinds of stir-fried dishes. It has various eating methods, cool and delicious taste, comfortable taste, fat-reducing and anticancer effects, and is the best food to eat all year round. Pancakes are best eaten right away and taste the best. Zichang pancake has a long reputation in northern Shaanxi.
● pronunciation
"Pancake" should not be pronounced as jiān bǐng, and the word "pancake" should be pronounced as jiān bing.
● Geographical distribution
Pancakes are widely eaten in Shandong Province, and there is a tradition of taking pancakes as the staple food in Tai 'an, Linyi and Zibo. Although Jiaodong also eats pancakes, they are mainly tortillas and cakes. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, pancakes have gradually given way to rice and steamed bread in all parts of Shandong, especially in cities and towns.
Pancakes are also staple foods in Suining, Pizhou, Suqian and Xinyi in northern Jiangsu.
Hebei, Northeast China and other places also eat pancakes, which is generally consistent with Shandong.
Some places in Fujian also eat pancakes, and the practice has changed.
Hakkas also eat pancakes.
● Suqian pancakes are very particular about how to eat. Usually, it is soaked in wheat grains, ground and baked with wheat paste, so that the baked pancakes are chewy and chewy, and they are very hungry after eating. In the past, when people were poor, they usually took pancakes when they went out. First of all, pancakes are dry, because there is less water and they are easy to store. Second, they are hungry. With the continuous improvement of living standards, people eat pancakes in different ways. Usually, the better way to eat pancakes is to just cook them and not shovel them down. Instead, put chopped green onion or leek prepared in advance, then add seasonings such as salt and monosodium glutamate according to personal taste, then put oil on it, and then beat one or two eggs on it. After the eggs are cooked, shovel them up and fold them around into a square. Eggs can be boiled, delicious and nutritious, and they are really traditional foods suitable for all ages.
● Making tools
The main tools for making pancakes are tobacco, grease, spoon, shovel and spade.
Hairpin: a disc made of pig iron, with a flat and smooth upper surface and a slightly convex center, supported by three legs below, with different sizes and shapes. The medium-sized hairpin is about 65cm； in diameter; Heat tobacco under fire and bake pancakes on it.
Oil wipe: commonly known as "oil pad, oil cloth", a square wipe sewn with cloth, or made of corn husk, impregnated with edible oil. Wipe the pancakes with oil before spreading them.
Spoon: Scoop the batter onto the nuts.
Bucket: Generally, it is made of bamboo, but also made of wooden boards with handles. Push the batter with your hands, so that it can be spread evenly on the batter. In some places, "naked" or "cracked" is used, which is similar to reed. The process of spreading batter with a shovel by hand is called "spreading".
Shovel: In some places in Shandong, it is called "grabbing pancakes", which is used to pick up the spread pancakes along the edge of tobacco leaves and uncover them.
● Manufacturing raw materials
The raw materials for making pancakes can be various grains, such as wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, dried sweet potatoes and so on. Or they can be mixed at the same time. Before 1980, pancakes in Shandong were mainly made of dried sweet potatoes and corn. Pancakes made of dried sweet potatoes and sorghum are light brown, pancakes made of corn flour, millet flour and millet flour are light yellow, and pancakes made of rice flour and wheat flour are white. Pancakes in Zibo can be divided into red cakes and white cakes. "Red cakes" are made of sorghum and "white cakes" are made of corn.
● Production process
At present, there are ways to make pancakes by machine, but the taste of pancakes made by machine is not as good as that made by hand. The traditional process of making pancakes by hand is very complicated, including grinding the batter, erecting the seeds, spreading or rolling them flat, and storing them. Therefore, making pancakes by hand is often done in large quantities at one time and then stored for a long time. The following introduces the traditional pancake making technology in rural areas.
Grinding batter
Raw materials such as wheat, sorghum, corn, millet and dried sweet potatoes are washed and soaked, and then ground into paste, commonly known as "pancake paste". In some places, one-third or half of the "clinker" (that is, 1989 cooked to mature raw materials) is added before grinding the batter, commonly known as "semi-cooked". The batter ground after "semi-baking" is easy to spread out, and the pancakes spread out are also soft and delicious. In some places, after the dried sweet potatoes are ground into flour, they should be soaked in water to leach out the black water in the sweet potato noodles. Traditionally, Shandong used a stone mill to grind the batter, the large mill was pushed by animal power, and the small mill was pushed by human power. Now it is generally used by machine mill. Usually, the batter is ground the night before, and the next morning, cigarettes, fires and pancakes are started.
Erect an axe
The process of erecting tobacco may be simple but complicated. Simple erection method can directly support cymbals with three bricks; The complicated way is to paste a stove with hard mud and blow it with bellows. When the tobacco is erected, you can make a fire. In rural areas, corn stalks or wheat stalks are generally used as firewood. Making a fire and spreading pancakes are often the cooperation of two people. After the tobacco is heated, you can spread or roll the pancakes.
Thin pancakes
"Spread system" is generally used to make pancakes with good texture, such as pancakes made of raw materials such as wheat and millet. Before spreading, oil is often applied to the seeds, which can not only remove impurities from the seeds, but also make the pancakes easily separated from the seeds. Scoop the batter onto the batter with a spoon, and spread the batter around with a shovel, thus pushing the batter away into pancakes. Then spread it repeatedly with a shovel to make the batter evenly distributed. Pancakes are cooked quickly, so you should grab the spread pancakes along the edge of hazelnuts with a shovel in time. The size of pancakes depends on the seeds, and the diameter is generally between half a meter and 80 cm. The amount of batter applied to seeds determines the thickness of pancakes, and people with high level can spread out thin pancakes. Pancakes are very technical and cooked.
Roll pancakes
"Rolling" is generally used to make pancakes with poor texture, mostly pancakes with dried sweet potatoes as raw materials. Roll out the dough of dried sweet potato flour or corn flour along the outer ring and bake until cooked. The pancakes made by this method are loose, and it is difficult to control the thickness of the pancakes.
deposit
After a pancake is removed from tobacco, it is often placed on the next cover pad, and then the pancakes are stacked one by one. Pancakes just taken out of tobacco are so soft that they can be folded into rectangles and stored in urns. After air drying, pancakes become thin and crisp. Because a lot of water is removed during heating, pancakes can be stored at room temperature for a long time. In the past, they were essential food for long trips.
● All kinds of pancakes
On the basis of pancake making technology, people have changed many different kinds of pancakes. Shandong has the following changes:
Sour pancakes: The batter is fermented into acid, and the pancakes spread out taste sour and special.
Persimmon pancakes: Before the pancakes are spread out and cooked, put peeled persimmons and spread them evenly; After baking, the pancakes are red and sweet.
Crispy pancakes: Pancakes are cooled before they are crisp.
Sugar-crisp pancake: Millet and sugar are ground into rice paste. 1989 When the pancake is ripe, it is uncovered, folded into a rectangle on a hammer and dried on the stove.
Salted pancakes: In southwest Shandong, hot sauce is spread on the surface of pancakes and then folded into rectangles for storage.
The practice of Fujian pancakes is different from that in the north: in the process of spreading pancakes, some materials, such as sauerkraut and eggs, should be added, and ketchup should be coated on the pancakes; Pancakes are eaten immediately after eating, unlike those that can be stored for a long time in the north.
● How to eat pancakes
A popular saying in Shandong cuisine is "Scallion Pancake Roll". Pancakes can be eaten rolled and dipped in sauce. Favorite dishes are raw onions, leeks and garlic moss. There is a way to eat in Yimeng Mountain area called "Slag Tofu". Slag tofu is a home-cooked dish in Yimeng mountain area: wash and chop cabbage leaves, radish tassels, wild vegetables and sweet potato seedlings, add bean powder and salt, and then stew with water. In Xi 'an, there is a way to roll dried tofu and crisp meat in pancakes, and then use sesame soup or fried Chili as seasoning.
In the "Pancake Fu" written by Pu Songling, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, the author introduced the way to eat pancakes at that time: "Fat and semi-dangerous dolphin paste, rich chicken soup, leaving in the morning, full of thunder. Prepare a gourmet, or live with a big belly. Husband still has to cook when he is cold. Or smeared with goose fat, or fake paste, overlapped for three or five times, and baked into coke, with crisp and refreshing taste and far-reaching fragrance. There are even layers of folds, which are broken with a kitchen knife, and the vertical and horizontal calendars are chaotic, absolutely like cold scouring. Soup includes salted black beans, chopped peppers, boiling water in the pot and golden tapestry. " Some people think that this passage is about making pancakes and crispy rice.
● Derivative food of pancakes.
vegetable pancake
Pancake He Zi
Pancakes rolled with crispy fried dough sticks
Guobacai
● The history of pancakes
It is difficult to find out when the modern pancake making method came into being, but the use of the word "pancake" can be traced back to a long time ago.
Wang Jia of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in the Collection of Notes: "Jiangdong is commonly known as the day of mending the sky on the 20th day of the first month, and tying pancakes on the roof with red silk thread is called mending the sky. According to legend, The goddess patching the sky. "
Chronicle of Jingchu in Liang Zonggu, Southern Dynasties: "Northerners make pancakes in the court during this solar eclipse, which helps to ignite the fire, but it is unknown." The "this day" in the text refers to the day of July 7.
In the Tang Dynasty, Niu Monk-ru wrote "Mystery Record": "Since both of us are for the benefit of our family, the two officials refused to go online and were vegetarians, so their family ate pancakes and bowed before the lamp and said,' Long live aunt!'" "
Don Yi Yan by the King of the Five Dynasties: "Duan Wei ... but he likes pancakes. He tastes like a literary society. Every pancake is cooked, and Wei Yi has a rhyme. "
In the Song Dynasty, Li Yun and others quoted Tai Ping Guang Ji, Hou Bai's Qi Yan Lu, and used humor to describe a pancake mystery when the ministers of Qi Gaozu's feast in the Northern Dynasties came up with a solution.
Li Guan in the Song Dynasty wrote a poem: "After a few years of snails, summer and winter are natural. The only idle girl in the world is a pancake. "
In Song Dynasty, Pang's Miscellaneous Notes on Wenchang contained: "There was wine in Tang Dynasty, five parsley and dental altar in Yuan Dynasty, pancakes in People's Day, and silk cages in Shang Dynasty ..."
Lu Yuanming's Chronological Miscellanies in the Song Dynasty said: "The day before yesterday, people swept the dung broom, but people didn't leave, so they covered seven cakes and abandoned them to send them to the poor."
Waiting for the detachment of the Yuan Dynasty wrote in Liao Jia Xia: "Man is heaven. On the first day of the first month, a chicken, two dogs, three tapirs, four sheep, five horses and six cows are human beings for seven days. Its occupation, sunny for good luck, cloudy for disaster. The common pancakes are eaten in the court and called' smoked days'. "
Most of these records are related to customs such as People's Day, Wearing the Sun, February 2nd, and sending the poor. There is no explanation about the making of pancakes in these records, so it is doubtful whether the "pancakes" at that time and the modern "pancakes" refer to the same thing.
Wang Zhen's "Wang Zhen Nong Shu Gu Pu 'er" in Yuan Dynasty: "(Buckwheat) is peeled, ground into flour, spread into pancakes and eaten with garlic."
Liu Ruoyu's Proceedings of the Ming Dynasty: "On the second day of February, families use millet flour jujube cakes, fry them in oil, or spread them thinly with white flour as cakes, which is called smoking insects."
Ten thousand miscellaneous notes written by Shen bang in Ming dynasty: "spread pancakes with noodles and smoke beds to prevent insects."
From these records, we can already see the process of making pancakes at this time.
1967, a "separation contract" was found in DongYang Lou Village, Shengzhuang Town, Tai 'an City, which contained "a plate of cigarettes and 23 Jin of pancakes". Because of the appearance of Xunzi, we can be sure that modern pancake making methods existed at the latest in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, "pancake" and modern "pancake" meant the same thing.
Pu Songling's "Pancake Fu" in Qing Dynasty: "It contains Mi Dou and grinds like a plastic pot, which tends to be divided. It's in the shape of a tripod. It's a spoonful of earthen pot. It is urgent and left-handed, such as grinding ants, and the yellow and white suddenly change, and it must be done. "
This record describes the detailed process of making pancakes, which is consistent with modern manufacturing methods.
● Related poems and books
Pu Songling wrote Pancake Fu in Qing Dynasty.
Feng Yuxiang wrote Pancakes-Anti-Japanese Military Food when he lived in seclusion in Mount Tai, and introduced the raw materials and making methods of pancakes. 1937 After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Feng gave this book to Chiang Kai-shek, hoping to solve the problem of commissary supply.
Related proverbs and ballads
There is an interesting saying among children who go to school in Linyi area: "I won't miss it if I don't eat wheat pancakes and roll eggs."
Xintai folk song: "Eat pancakes one by one, delicious food will make you fragrant." Save kung fu, firewood and food, the first way home. There are dregs and sauces everywhere, and everyone eats fat and strong. "
Tengzhou folk proverb: "Pancakes roll peppers, the more you eat, the fatter you get."