Zhu Mingz
The ancient texts here are all selected from "Mencius". Cheng Guan, who came from Yi'an, was suitable for Danuo's bachelor's degree. Luo Guo can successfully translate it into modern Chinese by reading the original text and annotations. Zhu Ming already has a certain ability to read ancient texts. If you encounter a sticking point during the translation process or there are errors in the translation, please write them down in time. This can help you understand where your problems lie. Remind yourself during the exam to avoid making the same mistakes. Being able to find problems in the translation itself is also a sign of good reading. Therefore, you must check the reference translation after translation - the purpose is to find problems. If you can't translate it, just look at the reference translation l or read the reference translation to translate l, and the meaning of the exercise will be lost.
The final thing to adjust is that l must insist on translation - Zhuan first translates l word by word, then adjusts a few sentences and adds words in places that are not smooth. This can avoid translation problems that often occur in translation.
King Xuan of Qi [1] asked, "Can the affairs of Qi Huan and Jin Wen [2] be heard or heard about?"
Mencius said to him, "Zhong Jinzhi has no way to deal with Huan Wen's affairs. What happened is that I haven’t heard of you in the future. If you don’t [3], will you be a king?”
He said, “How can I be a king?”
Said: "There is nothing the king can do to protect the people."
Said: "How can a few people protect the people?"
Said: z "Yes."
Said z "Why do you know that it is possible to say something?"
Said z "Is this what I heard? [5] Said z The king is sitting in the hall and he is involved. When an ox passes by the hall, the king sees it and asks, "Where is the ox?" 9]lIf you are innocent and die, then you can abolish the provocation bell? You can say that it can be abolished by Yi Yi - I don’t know what it is [10]?"
Said z "Yes."
Said z "My heart is enough for the king. All the people with the surname love the king [11] I know that the king cannot bear it."
p>The king said, "There are people with the same surname. Although Qi is poor [12], how can I love an ox? I can't bear to see it. If I am innocent, I will die. So I changed it with yin." "
It is said that "Wang Wuyi[13] is the one who loves the king because of Xiaoyi Dalu's evil knowledge? Wang Ruoyin[14] died because of his innocence. How can I choose Niu Yi?"
Wang laughed and said, "What do you mean by that? I don't love him, but Yi Yi."
Said: "There is no Wa. This is the art of benevolence. Seeing the cow does not see the Yi. A gentleman's attitude toward beasts is that he can't bear to see their life, hear their death, and can't bear to eat their meat when he hears their sounds. That's why. The gentleman is far away from the kitchen."
Wang Zhu [16] said: "The poem says [17] that others are worried about me [18]. But when I do it, I don’t have the ambition to do it. The master said that I have a close relationship with my heart. Why is this heart in line with the king? The king said, "If the force of the force is enough to detect the jun [19] but not enough to see the end of the hair [20] but not enough to see the end of the hair, then what does the king agree with [21]?"
Said z "ton."
"Today [22] Enzu and Ji beast l but the merit does not reach the surnamed person alone, what is the difference? However, the lack of one's strength is a lack of effort. {If you don’t see it, you don’t need it.} {If you don’t see it, you don’t need it. Therefore, if the king doesn’t do it, it’s not because he can’t do it. What is the meaning of the shape of the incompetent?"
He said, "I hold the Taishan Mountain to reach the North Sea [23] and I said to him, 'I can't do it'. The speaker said, "I can't." It means not being able to do it. Therefore, the king's failure is not to cross the North Sea by holding the Taishan Mountain. The king's failure is to break a branch.
“Old people are old and people are old. The quietness of the people and the quietness of the people. The world can be transported in the palm of your hand [25]. The poem goes like this: "I am punished for the widow [26]. As for my brother, I am grieving in my family [27] village." ’ It’s just a matter of words. Therefore, extending grace is enough to protect the world. If you do not extend grace, you will not be able to protect your son. The reason why ancient people were superior to others was because they were good at what they did. What is the difference between today's kindness and the beasts but not the merits?
"The power will then know the weight; the concubine will then know the length. All things are like this. The king asks concubine.
"If the king's armored soldiers are in danger, the soldiers and ministers are in danger, and they complain to the subordinates, and then they are faster than their hearts."
The king said, "How can it be so fast?" It will satisfy all the great desires. "
Said z " What is the king's great desire? The mouth and the light and warmth are not enough for the body and the restraint [28] for the color [29] not enough for the eyes and the sound not enough for the ears and the ears [30] not enough for the king and his ministers. If it is enough to make a living, how can the king think it is right?
Said: "This is not right."
Said: "But the king's great desire can be known. Desire. Chi [31] The land l dynasty [32] Chu Chu l came [33] China to care for the four barbarians. If you do what you want [34], you will be like a tree and seek for the land.
”
The king said, “What if it’s very serious?”
Wang said, “It’s almost [35] very [36] very serious.” Although Fumu seeks for the harvest, it has no future glory. If you do what you want, if you ask for what you want, and if you do it with all your heart, you will surely be brilliant. ”
Said: “Can Zhi Wen agree?”
Said: “If the people of Zou [37] and the people of Chu [38] fight, who does the king think will win?”
said: "The people of Chu are victorious. "
Said: "However, a small solid cannot defeat a large one; a small solid cannot defeat Tuo; a shadow solid cannot defeat Yan. There is one place within the sea that is thousands of miles away. How can one serve eight l and defeat Zou against Chu? Gai [39] has turned against his original nature.
"Now that the king has established a benevolent government, all officials in the world want to establish themselves in the king's dynasty. All farmers want to cultivate in the king's fields. All merchants and merchants want to hide in the king's city. All travelers want to go out of the king's kingdom. All the people in the world want to be jealous of their rulers [40]. If so, who can be upset?"
The king said, "I cannot advance [41]. I hope the master will tell me quickly and teach me. Although I am not sensitive, please try it."
He said, "Those who have no permanent property but have perseverance can only do it." [43] If there is no perseverance, there will be no perseverance in government, and it will be done only for one's own sake, and if one is caught in a crime, then he will be punished. [44] How can a benevolent person ignore the people? Why? Therefore, when a wise king controls the people's property, he will have enough to serve his parents, he will have enough to feed his children, he will be full for the rest of his life, and he will avoid death if he is evil. .
This is also the case [46] The people's wealth is not enough to serve their parents, and they are not enough to feed their children. [47]l祥[48] Is there any time to govern?
"If the king wants to do it, then he will do it [49] against his nature. The house of five acres will be covered with mulberry trees. Those who are fifty can wear clothes." Silk. Animals such as chickens, dolphins, dogs and pigs have not lost their season. People who are seventy years old can eat meat. Don't take away your land. At that time, a family of eight can live without hunger. In accordance with the teachings of Xiangxu [50], the white people should not hesitate to stand on the road based on the righteousness of filial piety and brotherhood. The old man wears silk and eats meat, and the people are neither hungry nor cold, but there is no such thing as a king. "h "Mencius Liang Hui Wang 1" i
Notes
[1] King Xuan of Qi - the son of King Wei, whose name is Chijiang. It is speculated that Mencius met with King Xiang of Liang Later, the Wei Kingdom arrived in the Qi Kingdom. At this time, it was only a matter of luck that King Xuan of Qi came to the throne.
[2] Qi Huan and Jin Wen - Duke Huan of Qi was named Xiaobai, and Duke Wen of Jin was named Chong'er. In the Spring and Autumn Period. The goal of dominating one after another is "Five Hegemons". 4〕Bao——Anye.
〔5〕?——The sound core hh i.
〔6〕——The verb l is also l Shiye.
〔7〕Challenge Bell——Challenge hx nil Wang Fuzhi Meng Ziyi Shuyun z "Challenge l sacrifice name l blood sacrifice." Any completed sacrifice is called provoking. "This is an ancient festival ritual. When a new important artifact of the country or the ancestral temple begins to be used, an object is slaughtered to sacrifice it.
〔8 〕She--the same as "she".
〔9〕觳觫--Yinhu speed hh ihh il Yang Shendan lead general record said: "It is said that the cow is about to be slaughtered and the body is covered with fear." "Yu Qin and Mencius interpreted the word "ruo" in the next sentence as belonging to this sentence. The ancient sentence "Yang Shuyun" was interpreted as "I can't bear to see him and I will die if he is innocent". None of them are credible.
〔10〕Zhu——The consonant sound of “Zhihu”
〔11〕Love-meaning stingy
〔12]褊——hbi. Wei i Xiao Ye.
〔13〕彂-verb l strange l suspicious
〔14〕Yin-Zhao Qi's note z "Pain." "The sorrow is pitiful.
[15] A gentleman is far away from the kitchen - a gentleman sometimes refers to a person with a fierce attitude, and sometimes it refers to a person with an official position. Both of them can be interpreted here. "Far l" is used here. The verb l makes the meaning of "far away".
〔16〕Zhu - same as "you" l Gaodian l
〔17. 〕Poetry Cloud——The poem is found in the Xiaoya Qiaoyan Chapter of the Book of Songs
〔18〕偖娨——忖hc甮il娨音娨hdu il speculate
〔19〕Jun. ——Thirty pounds is one jun.
〔20〕The end of the autumn hair-some people think it is the fine hairs of bird urine, some people think it is the white hair on the ear, in short, it is a very small thing. /p>
〔21〕Xu - listen.
〔22] The omission of the word "曰" in front of the word "俿" indicates that Mencius' words are followed by King Xuan's words.
〔23〕Taking Mount Tai to cross the North Sea - Mount Tai is Mount Tai, and the North Sea is Bohai Sea. Mozi's chapter on animal love says, "It's like taking Mount Tai to cross the river to help." "It can be seen that this was a commonly used metaphor at that time.
[24] Breaking branches - there are three explanations in ancient times: A, breaking off branches, B, stretching the waist, massaging and scratching the itch. The translation takes the first meaning.
〔25〕The world can be carried in the palm of a hand - Liezi Tangwen Chapter z "If the king can govern the country sincerely, then the world can be carried in the palm of a hand." "That's what it means.
[26] Punishing the widow - the following three lines of the poem are found in the Book of Songs. The "punishment" is the same as "type", but it is still a demonstration.
The widow is also the concubine. The word "widow" is synonymous with "widow brother" in Kang Gao and "widow brother" in Kang Wangzhigao. You can refer to Yu Zhengxie Guisi's manuscript for explanation.
〔27〕Jia-refers to those who have fiefs owned by officials.
〔28〕憕——Choose the conjunction l which is equivalent to "or" in modern Chinese.
〔29〕Coloring - is "color".
〔30〕俿嬖——俿hpi ni嬖hb il A favored person who is close to Wang Juyou.
〔31〕Chi - the same as "PI" l is too late.
〔32〕 Hajj - use the method l to make them perform Hajj.
〔33〕玅——Yinli hl il pill.
〔34〕Ruo——娂 This l was later written as "匌".
〔35〕Almost - the adverb l expresses uncertainty. It can be translated as "possible", "great joy", "almost", "or".
〔36〕You - the same as "you".
〔37〕Zou - the name of the country is the country of Yi. Gongyi is also called Yi Lou. The land is very small. There is Yincheng in the southeast of today's Zouxian County, Shandong Province, which should be the place where the former Kingdom of Yincheng was located.
〔38〕Chu - a great country during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
〔39〕袢——the same sound as "盍" l "why not".
〔40〕欬——the same as “suing”.
〔41〕曛——Same as "faint".
〔42〕Ruo - turning conjunction l he turns l "as for".
〔43〕then——false visit conjunction l if.
〔44〕彔——the same as "net" l is used as the verb l 彠 snare to capture. l still says "framed".
〔45〕Light - easy l easy.
[46] System - Make a system.
[47] Support——hsh nil is enough.
〔48〕Xi——He.
〔49〕盍——the chorus of "why not".
〔50〕Shen——Zhao Qi notes that “Shen Zhong” is used to explain “Shen”. Xun Zizhong's final chapter says, "The power of prickly heat is to reaffirm it." Yang Liang's note says, "To reaffirm it again and again." This usage of "shen" is exactly the same as "Shen Zhi Yi Zi Xia" in Fengji Tandang. Therefore, the translation uses "anti-訆彀寽" to express it.
Reference translation
King Xuan of Qi asked Mencius, "Can you tell me the story of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin who dominated during the Spring and Autumn Period?"
Mencius replied, "Confucius's sons did not talk about the deeds of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin, so neither have you or your descendants. I have not heard of it either. Wang Laguo must explain it to us. The power of Tao Xiang can unite the world's king Dao. z "To stabilize the life of the surname and unify the world, no one can stop him."
Xuan Wangzhu: "Can a person like me stabilize the life of the surname?" < /p>
Mencius said: "I can."
Xuan Wang said: "How do you know I can do it?"
Mencius said: "I heard Hu? Tell me One thing: The king was sitting in the main hall. Someone was leading an ox and passed by His Highness. The king saw it and asked, "Where are you going with the ox?" The man replied, "I am going to kill the sacrificial bell." "Wang Li said, "Let's punish him. Look at his pitiful appearance. He was sent to the slaughterhouse without any guilt. I really can't bear it." That person said, "Then I will abolish the ceremony of sacrificing the bell." "The king also said, 'How can it be abolished? Let's replace the cow with a feather - I don't know if there is such a thing?"
Xuan Wang said, "Yes."
p>Mencius said, "With such good intentions, the world can be unified. The old people all think that the king is stingy. I have long known that the king cannot bear it."
Xuan Wang said, "Yes. Yes, I do have such a surname. Although the country of Qi is not big, why would I not give up a cow? I just can't bear to see it look so pitiful and sent to the slaughterhouse without any crime. "Yi Xiao Niu Da" Mencius said: "It is not surprising that the kings are stingy and use small ones instead of big ones. How can they understand the king's surname?" What's the deeper meaning? It's pitiful for the poor people. It was sent to the slaughterhouse without any guilt. So what's the difference between slaughtering cows and slaughtering cows?"
King Xuan smiled and said, "I really can't even do this myself. I don’t understand the psychology. I’m not stingy with money, so it’s natural for people like you to be stingy.”
Mencius said. It doesn't matter if the surname is misunderstood. The king's unbearable heart is just because the king saw the cow but not the bird. I can't bear to see them die anymore, and I can't bear to eat their meat anymore when I hear their moans and groans. This is why the gentleman built his kitchen in Yuandao's place."
King Xuan. He Gaodian said: "There are two lines of poetry: 'I can figure out what other people are thinking.' It's you who is talking about it. I just did this, and then ask myself [Why did I do this?] There is no reason why.
Your words made my heart suddenly brighter. But what reason does it make for my mood to be consistent with the king's way?"
Mencius said: "Suppose a man reports to the king, 'My arm strength can lift a weight of three thousand kilograms, but I cannot lift one. The hair of a root {My eyesight can clearly see the fine hairs of birds in autumn. A track of fire is placed in front of the awning and cannot be seen. ’ Do you agree with his laws?”
Xuan Wang said, “No.
Mencius then went on to say: "The king's good intentions are enough to make the animals move along the hair. Why can't he benefit his surname? It seems that he can't get a single hair." It's just that I don't want to use my strength, so {I can't see even a trace of fire. It's just that I don't want to use my eyes. That's why {the old man's ambition is not to live a stable life. It's just that he doesn't want to show mercy. Therefore, the king's unyielding politics to unify the world is just that he is unwilling to do it, not that he cannot do it. ”
Xuan Wang Zhuz: “What is the difference in performance between unwillingness to do and being unable to do it?”
Mencius Zhuzhu: “Put Mount Tai under your arm and jump across the North Sea to tell people.” I can't do this. ‘This is really impossible. ’ I broke off a branch for the old man and told people, ‘I can’t do this. ’ This does not mean that I am unwilling to do it, but I am not unable to do it. The king's unbenevolent government is not that of holding Mount Tai under his arm and jumping over the North Sea, but that of breaking off branches for old people.
"Respecting the elders of my family extends to respecting the elders of other people's families; caring for the children of my family extends to caring for the children of other people's families. [All political measures are based on this principle. l〕Unifying the world is as easy as turning something in the palm of your hand. In the Book of Songs, it is said that "it is first made for the slaves, then extended to the brothers, and then extended to the feudal towns and the country." This is how it is done. Just extend your good intentions to other areas. Therefore, extending your kindness from near to far is enough to stabilize the world. Otherwise, even your own concubine cannot be protected. There is no other secret to being better than ordinary people. It's just that they are good at carrying out their good deeds. Now your good intentions are enough to make animals lose their benefit. Why is this?
“Only by weighing can you know the weight of your ambition; by measuring it, you can know the length of your ambition. Everything is what this person's heart desires. Wang, please think about it.
"Do you feel happy if you mobilize the army of the whole country and risk your soldiers to make enemies with other countries?"
Xuan Wang said: "Why do I decide that I am happy by doing this? The reason why I do this is just to satisfy my greatest desire."
Mencius said: "King What is your greatest desire? Can you tell me?"
King Xuan smiled and was speechless.
Mencius Zhuz: “Is it because Fei Ling doesn’t have enough food to eat? Is it because he doesn’t have enough light and warm clothes? Is it because he doesn’t have enough bright colors? Is it because he doesn’t have enough music to listen to? ? Or is it because there are not enough people at your disposal? Are these people under your command able to help you as much as possible? Are you really doing it for them?"
Prince Xuan said, "No, I am not doing it for this. ."
Mencius said: "Then I know your greatest wish. You want to expand the territory of Yi and bring all the countries such as Chu and Chu to the court to make yourself the leader of the world and at the same time pacify the surrounding areas. You are a backward foreigner. However, trying to satisfy your desire in this way is like climbing a tree to catch a turtle."
Xuan Wangzhu: "Is it so serious?"
Mencius said: "I'm afraid it's more serious than this book. Climbing a tree to catch snails, even if you can't catch them, will not cause any harm. If you want to satisfy your desire with your method, I will try my best to do it. l [Not only does it fail to achieve its goal l], but there is definitely no harm behind it.
"
Xuan Wang Zhuz "[What is this principle?] Can you tell me about it?"
Mencius Zhuzhi "Suppose the State of Zou and the State of Chu are at war. What do you think? Which country will win?"
I'm sorry! I didn't finish the translation, I don't know the rest!