Xin Qiji's poem "Bodhisattva Man" uses extremely superb art of comparison and writes extremely profound patriotism. It is worthy of being a treasure of poetry. The title of the poem is "Book on the Ostomy Wall of Jiangxi Province" and begins with Yugutai and Qingjiang. The name of the stoma is Zaokou, located sixty miles southwest of Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province ("Wan'an County Chronicle"). The Yugu Terrace in the poem is located in the northwest corner of Ganzhou City ("Jiajing Ganzhou Prefecture Map"). It is named because "Longfu is so gloomy that it stands alone on the ground for several feet." "When Li Mian of the Tang Dynasty was assassinating the history of Qianzhou (i.e. Ganzhou), he went to the north to look at it and said with emotion: 'Although I am not as good as Zimo, my heart is in Wei Que.' I changed Yu Gu's name to Wangque." ("Fang Yu") "Shenglan") Qingjiang is the Ganjiang River. The Zhang and Gong rivers embrace Ganzhou City and flow together at the foot of Yugu Terrace to form the north stream of Ganjiang River, passing through Zokou, Wan'an, Taihe, Jizhou (governing Luling, today's Ji'an), Longxingfu (i.e. Hongzhou, Today's Nanchang City), enters Poyang Lake and flows into the Yangtze River. Between 1175 and 1176 AD (the second or third year of Chunxi), the poet was stationed in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, and wrote this poem on the stoma wall at this time. An article in "Helin Yulu·Xin You'an's Ci" by Luo Dajing of the Southern Song Dynasty says: "The poem inscribed on the stoma wall of Jiangxi goes like this. At the beginning of the southern crossing, the captives chased the Empress Dowager Longyou (Empress Zhezong Meng, Gaozong's aunt) in a boat to the stoma. "If you don't return it in time, You'an will be prosperous." This record is of great significance to understand the meaning of this word. "History of the Song Dynasty" records of Gao Zongji and his concubines: In August of the third year of Jianyan (1129), "we will prevent the Autumn Force, ordered Liu Ning to stop the control of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the Empress Dowager Wei went to Hongzhou, and Tengkang and Liu Jue had the right to know the affairs of the Privy Council of the three provinces. In the eighth month, Emperor Gaozong also left Jiankang (now Nanjing City) and went to western Zhejiang. In October, the Jin soldiers from the west crossed the river from Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). They went to Hongzhou to pursue the Empress Dowager Longyou. "Kang and Jue traveled to Jizhou with the Empress Dowager. The Jin people pursued them, and the Empress Dowager took a boat at night. "Three Dynasties Beimeng Huibian" (November 23, the third year of Jianyan) records: "Zhi Ming, arrived at Taihe County (eighty miles to Jizhou. "Taihe County Chronicle"), and then entered Wan'an County (one hundred miles away from Taihe. "Wan'an County Chronicle"), there were less than a hundred soldiers and guards, and Teng Kang and Liu Jue both ran into the valley. The Jin people pursued them to Taihe County, and the Queen Mother went from Wan'an County to Zaokou, abandoned her boat and landed in Qianzhou (two hundred and forty miles away from Wan'an. "Ganzhou Prefecture Chronicle"). "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of the Empress Dowager": "The Empress Dowager and Concubine Pan walked on the shoulders of farmers." "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of Hu Quan": "Quan recruited rural soldiers to help the officers and soldiers defend the Jin soldiers, and the Queen Mother was lucky to be pious. "The historical records record that the Jin soldiers pursued them to Taihe, which is slightly different from Luo's account of pursuing them to the stoma. However, Luo was from Luling in the Southern Song Dynasty and was a military officer in Fuzhou, Jiangxi. There is still some doubt as to whether his account is true. Moreover, once the Jin soldiers reached Taihe, it was not impossible for their forwards to pursue the stoma one hundred and sixty miles south. Regardless of whether the Jin soldiers pursued the stoma, Queen Mother Longyou was in critical condition when she was chased to the stoma. The boat was carried by farmers on their backs. This is an ironclad case, and history has no different information. It is important to know the situation during the reign of Longyou and Jianyan when the Jin soldiers entered Bianhui in 1127 AD (the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty). When the second emperor of Qin Dynasty went north, when the Northern Song Dynasty was overthrown, Longyou was spared the throne and stayed behind the curtain to listen to the affairs of state. He welcomed King Kang as Emperor Gaozong. Someone asked him to establish the crown prince, but "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of the Concubine" recorded his words. "Now that the powerful enemy is outside, I use a woman to carry a three-year-old child to listen to the government. How can I control the world?" "He issued an edict to the world and said: "Although the whole clan has sympathy for the north, but the heart of the heaven is the same as the left. "Also said: "In the tenth generation of Han family's misfortunes, Yiguangwu Zhongxing; among the nine sons of Xiangong, Chong'er is the only one. "Helin Yulu·Jian Yan ascends to the highest level" says: "The words are so clear and touching that they are moved by reading them, which is why Zhongxing was helped." "Chen Yinke's "On the Destiny of Rebirth" also said: "Maintaining people's hearts and resisting foreign aggression", "So it was recited at that time and by later generations. "The history is called Longyou: "This person must be responsible for state-owned incidents. "In the third year of Jianyan, the Jin soldiers on the west route pursued Longyou, while the Jin soldiers on the east route crossed the river and trapped Jiankang and Lin'an. Gaozong was forced to float on the sea. This is the autumn of the Southern Song Dynasty when the regime was in danger. Therefore, the author was there to create He recalled that Longyou was chased here, and he was "so excited" that he wrote an inscription on the wall, which is true. Luo's account is generally credible, and the six words in the inscription are proof of this. "The strokes are horizontal. Due to the concrete and perceptible characteristics of the shape, sound, and meaning of the Chinese characters, especially Yu (yu), which means lush and gloomy, and has a sense of towering independence. The three characters Yugutai stand out from the opposite side. The poet mobilized these three words to start the battle. It was clear that he was full of majestic anger and had to write about the Qingjiang River below the stage. "Wan'an County Chronicle" says: "Ganshui." Entering the Wan'an realm, you first fall into Pingguang, rushing and rushing. "When I write about the rapids of a river, my poetry begins from the Yugu Terrace more than a hundred miles away to the stoma in front of me. The stoma is the core of my poetry. So I write vertically: "How many passers-by are crying in the middle? . "Pedestrian's Tears" refers directly to the time when the stoma was created. When the poet came to the place where the Queen Mother Longyou was chased, she felt painfully that the national line of Jianyan was in danger, the anger of the Jin soldiers was rampant, and the humiliation of the country was not yet over, which made her full of grief and indignation. , turned into this sad sentence. In the heart and soul of the poet, this river shed endless sad tears for the pedestrians. From the Central Plains to Jianghuai and south of the Yangtze River, I don’t know how many travelers shed countless sad tears. Thinking about it, I feel that Longyou was chased to the stoma, which is a symbol of the critical autumn. There is no doubt that the tears of these travelers are also there. The poet sheds tears of sorrow: "Looking northwest to Chang'an, there are countless pitiful mountains. "Chang'an refers to Bianjing. Looking northwest, I still say looking straight north. The poet recalled the pursuit of Longyou and thought of Shenzhou Luchen. The independent stoma looked up to Bianjing, just like Du Lao's independent Kuizhou looked up to Chang'an.
Looking up at Chang'an, the realm suddenly seems infinitely high. However, it is a pity that there are countless green mountains blocking the view, so the realm has changed into a closed one, which is very powerful. Although Xie Pai secretly used the story of Li Mian ascending Yu Gutai to watch the tower, he wrote his own story full of loyalty and indignation. Zhuo Renyue's "Ci Tong" said: "The spirit of loyalty and anger is blowing on the fingertips." It is extremely true. "The green mountains cannot cover it, and it flows eastward after all." The Ganjiang River flows north. This saying flows eastward, and the poet writes with his heart in mind, so there is no need to be rigid. Although countless green mountains can cover Chang'an, they cannot block the water of a river flowing eastward. Changing one's head is about looking at the future. If there is any hope, it seems difficult to put it into words. If there is no sustenance in the words, it cannot cover up the second language, and it is obviously emotional. Zhou Ji's "Selected Poems from the Four Scholars of the Song Dynasty" says: "Borrowing water to complain about mountains." It can be said to be discerning. These words are inseparable from the mountains and rivers. Try to understand that the three words cannot be covered by the smell, and the feeling of being surrounded by the green mountains is pushed away with one stroke. After all, the two words are more profound and powerful. Looking back at Shangqing, the clear river water is a metaphor for the tears of passers-by, and the river water flowing eastward should be a metaphor for the motherland. The poet sighs at the countless green hills that they cover Chang'an, and further states that they cannot cover the eastward flow, so the metaphor should refer to the enemy. In the latent consciousness of the poet, it should also refer to the capitulation faction. The words "flowing eastwards" can be especially appreciated. "Shang Shu Yu Gong" says: "The Jianghan Dynasty was founded in the sea." In the Chinese cultural tradition, the movement of rivers, the earth, the sun and the moon are the embodiment of "the movement of heaven", so "a gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement" ("Xi·Xici") ). Du Lao's "Two Poems on the Yangtze River" says: "If the imperial clan is full of people, who will respect you as a thief?" "The vastness will never cease, but you know that the east is extremely deep. All the people flow back to the sea, and all the countries follow the king's heart." Therefore, it must be When you talk about sustenance, you change your head and express your intention. You should use the river flowing eastward to symbolize the direction of justice. However, the current situation is not optimistic, and the poet is not in a relaxed mood. "Jiang Wan is still feeling sad, and I hear partridges deep in the mountains." The sentiment and context of the poem are another big setback. The river is late and the mountains are deep. This state of twilight, vastness and closedness is nothing more than a portrayal of the poet's depression and loneliness, and it implicitly corresponds to the image of Yu Gutai at the beginning of the poem. When I am still feeling sad, the Chinese version of "The Songs of Chu·Nine Songs·Mrs. Xiang" says: "My eyes are squinting and I am worried." Chu Sao's plaintive and squinting tone adds to the melancholy and melancholy atmosphere of the artistic conception. What's more, I can hear the sound of partridges deep in the chaotic mountains: "Brother, I can't do it." Zhang Hua's note in "The Bird Classic": "Partridges must fly south, and their ambitions are southward and not northward." Bai Juyi's "Mountain Partridge": "Crowing until dawn can only worry about people from the north. People from the south are used to hearing this. Don't hear it. "The sound of the partridge calls the poet to remember the embrace of returning south?" Are you trying to suppress the loyalty and resentment of unfulfilled ambitions? Or is it like the cry of the elders and compatriots in the Central Plains on the side of the mountain? It's really hard to pinpoint. But it can be concluded that the ending is full of sorrow. It can also be concluded that this was caused by the imperial court's insistence on compromise and the fact that the Central Plains had not been restored for a long time. A knot of endless sadness. Liang Qichao said: ""Bodhisattva Man" has never been so loud as to boring mandarins." ("Selected Poems of Yi Heng Guan") This poem expresses the deep nostalgia for the difficult national affairs during the Jianyan period, and the deep nostalgia for the loss of the country since Jingkang. Therefore, it is A small order that has been used for a long time to describe the tenderness of children turned out to be the swan song of the deep and condensed patriotism of the Southern Song Dynasty. Bixing technique is used in the poem, and things are done from the perspective of the eyes and the mind, achieving the extremely high state of Bixing's traditional meaning and meaning. The prospects of his eyes are nothing but clear rivers and countless mountains, but what is on his mind includes all kinds of thoughts about the sorrow of his family and country, past and present, and they are written together with the prospects of his eyes. It seems that there is hope, but it is difficult to pinpoint them one by one. But its main purpose can be recognized, and it can be understood with a single heart. This kind of artistic achievement that uses a full-frame artistic conception to describe the entire embrace, and uses metaphors to express sustenance without necessarily pointing out the details one by one, is actually one of the embodiments of Chinese aesthetic ideals. The whole poem is full of spiritual movement and subtly introverted, and has the beauty of high spiritual reason and melancholy and frustration. It can be compared with Li Taibai's homologous poems in the history of poetry.