1. Selection based on water
According to the theory of geomantic omen, mountains follow the water, and they live in the water world, and the water turns with the mountains, so the mountains are waterproof (Records of He Lv's Full Filial Piety). Feng Shui contains half of the water, so Mr. Feng Shui thinks that in a game, instead of looking at the mountains, look at the water first and find the dragon with water. Water is the blood of the dragon, and there must be a mountain between the two waters, so the water will be exhausted, the water will stop when it is handed over, the water will fly away and the life will be scattered, and the water will melt and gather. People are rich in deep water and poor in shallow water. Where water gathers, people are thick, and where water scatters, people are far away. The running water should bend over and hug, and the running water should linger. The gathered water should be melodious and clear. There are eight specific requirements:
One day as soon as possible, to review;
Two days of love, deep nostalgia;
Come back in three days and take the lead in the cycle;
Four-day ring, surrounded by family;
On the fifth day, the two waters met;
Six-day locking bend;
Seven days of knitting. Mystery is woven, forming a water network;
There will be a lot of water on the eighth day. ("Yang Shan refers to the fan")
Choosing a city site from the perspective of geomantic omen puts water first, so Beijing is surrounded by the Yangtze River. There are three Wu Jia in the world with Taihu Lake; Donglu embraces the sea; Chu has Jianghan Club and Dongting melts; There is Poyang Lake in Nanchang, Jiangxi; Shaoxing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Taiwan Province, Jiaxing and Lake in Zhejiang; Fuzhou, Xinghua (now Putian), Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in Fujian; Guangdong's Guangzhou, Huizhou, Chaoshan, Nanhai and other places are full of talents because of water supply ("The Son of Man").
The so-called water, there are several situations:
(1) The town is located at the confluence of two rivers. Such as Yangzhou, Wuzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Chongqing and Guilin. This is Mr. Feng Shui's favorite address.
(2) Towns are located on one side or both sides of the river. Such as Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Nanchang, Changsha, Xi, Taiyuan, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Harbin and Lanzhou. Other towns are located in winding rivers, such as Langzhong, Liuzhou, Daoxian and Huguan.
(3) The town is located by the sea and can be turned into a seaport. Such as Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Mingzhou (Ningbo), Dalian, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Yantai, Penglai, Qinhuangdao and Shenzhen.
"The river is thick and thin, and the trickle has nothing to do with the wind. If it is turbulent, it will prosper regardless of the rhyme. " The location of the ancient capital and modern big cities also confirms the ancient people's judgment. Looking at the map of the world, we know that where there are big rivers, there must be big cities, which are often used as capitals or big business centers. People who don't understand feng shui only see the convenience of transportation, which is not comprehensive.
Heilongjiang, Yellow River, Yangtze River and Pearl River are the four major rivers in China. Heilongjiang and its upstream tributaries gave birth to cities such as Jilin, Changchun, Qiqihar, Harbin, Jiamusi and Shuangyashan in China, and also nourished Russian cities such as Hailanpao, Boli and Qingcheng. The Yellow River and its upper reaches nourish Xining, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Baotou, Xi, Taiyuan, Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Jinan and other cities. The Yangtze River and its upper reaches nourish Panzhihua, Yibin, Chengdu, Chongqing, Yichang, Jingzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang, Huangshi, Jiujiang, Anqing, Tongling, Wuhu, Nanjing and Shanghai. The Pearl River and its upper reaches have bred Nanning, Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Zhaoqing, Shaoguan, Qingyuan, Heyuan, Huizhou, Foshan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Jiangmen, Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao.
2. Mountain-based selection
Feng Shui experts believe that "if you want to find Longdong, you should check it from Zushan, Shan Zong, Jianxing and Ying Xing, or at least from Zushan and Dongxiang, so as to be sure" (geographical correction). To find a dragon, we must first ask our ancestors what peak it split on, or whether it broke through a screen or a barrier. There must be a strange trace that makes you proud. There are ten specific methods: "Look at Zushan Xiuba; Second, look at the dragon-shaped changes (that is, the ups and downs of mountains), and third, look at the formation of knots (closed, life condenses into knots); Fourth, look at the head clearly; Fifth, see where the pulse goes; Sixth, the flat nest in the point of view; Seventh, look at the encounter between sand (that is, mountains) and water; Eight look at North Korea and have feelings for it; Nine to see life and death; Ten depends on yin and yang. " Through these ten views, we can achieve the four beauties of dragon, cave, sand and water (authentic geography). Simei is a closed environmental unit. As "Single Crystal Stomatology" said: "Yang Zhai must be taught to choose a place, and the water behind the mountain is called people's heart. Mountains have long hair, and water must form a circle. The generosity of the hall is a blessing, and the water mouth is full of gold. Guan, Sha (Guan is the entrance, that is, the orientation of the house entrance.
3. Choose plain as the main choice
Feng shui masters are opposed to choosing places where there is no flat land in mountainous areas. Not only can they not build capitals or towns, but it is also difficult to build houses. Therefore, Mr. Feng Shui chooses the plain as the object and the piedmont plain or piedmont basin. Only in this way can production develop, materials be rich, transportation be convenient and talents be numerous. The so-called "ten mountains are not as good as a flat ocean, and there is a rich hometown in the north and south of the Yangtze River" (geographical consistency) refers to this situation. On this basis, looking at the surrounding mountains, it is generally required to stand by the mountains, with the front low and the back high, the surrounding mountains high and the middle low. Even the great plains are surrounded by mountains, forming a closed environmental unit. Large and medium-sized cities, such as the capital and county governments, require a broad situation and a strong atmosphere, which must be unremarkable. Wang Yang is a water city, surrounded on all sides, or inverted, or facing back and forth. Come melodiously, bend and wrap around the water. The spout is often dozens of miles away, and the big one is two or three hundred miles away.
From the environmental point of view, cities and towns must have a certain area of plains in order to have enough agricultural and sideline products to supply the lives of people in the city. The plain is conducive to transportation, material exchange and market trade. Facing the mountains and the water, it has more advantages in the military and is more convenient in water transportation. The other meaning of "facing the mountain and facing the water" means facing the north and south and facing the sun. Most parts of southeast China are affected by monsoon, and the geographical environment of the mountain slopes is obviously different. Different slopes have different climates. The south slope is warm and the north slope is cool; The south slope is wet and the north slope is dry. The climate difference between the north and south slopes leads to the difference of vegetation, soil and surface runoff. These differences in turn affect the differences in landforms. The erosion of sunny slope is stronger than that of shady slope, and finally the slope is asymmetric. The difference of natural conditions between Yin and Yang slopes directly affects agricultural production and engineering construction. Landslides and mudslides are easy to occur if the groundwater runoff conditions on shady slopes are good. Therefore, road route selection should avoid shady slopes and try to choose sunny slopes. Houses should also be built on sunny slopes, because sunny slopes are warm, with strong light and good ventilation conditions, and it is not easy to produce temples when they are dry. It can be seen that when choosing the address of the capital, town and residence, Mr. Feng Shui emphasized that "negative yin embraces yang" or "negative yin embraces yang" is based on practical experience and contains the value of modern science.
4. The main choice is to store wind and gather gas.
Feng Shui has a beautiful pattern called Meige (a classic of the treasure of Beijing). Meg's minimum requirement is gas storage, surrounded by mountains and rivers, forming a closed environment. Strict requirements for closure, seamless vision, need to be surrounded by mountains and rivers many times to form a hierarchy. The outer layer is Wailuocheng, the middle layer is dragon and tiger sand, and the inner layer is cave sand. This beautiful pattern in Feng Shui theory was absorbed by ancient architects in China and applied to ancient buildings. Therefore, the basic form of ancient architecture in China is a courtyard surrounded by buildings on three or four sides, which is connected by walls and cloisters to form a closed space. It not only has the functions of sound insulation, wind protection and sunshade, but also can plant flowers and trees in the courtyard and install bonsai with rocks to create a quiet living environment. This form is called "big party" and "small party". The largest country requires mountains and rivers to converge; Followed by towns, it is required to gather in mountains and rivers; The smallest house needs a small gathering of mountains and rivers. Courtyard buildings are designed in the form of small gatherings.
Feng shui site selection requires shelter from the wind or wind, and there must be holes and sand on both sides. The wind can't blow to the side where the water flows. You can't blow (geography) on the side where the water comes from. Why should feng shui treasure house take shelter from the wind? Feng shui experts believe: "those who are surrounded by mountains outside, there is no one in the wind, and the internal gas gathers." If the mountains outside are insufficient, the wind will disperse into the interior. Those who gather gas are warm, and those who disperse gas are cold "("Secret "). It is precisely because sheltering from the wind is to make the microclimate of a place warm but not cold, so Feng Shui does not want to avoid all winds, only cold wind and not warm wind. This point is clearly stated in Geoscience Correction: "Pingyang (that is, the plain area) was not afraid of the wind, but there was a difference between Yin and Yang. If you are exposed to the warm wind, it doesn't matter if you are exposed to the warm wind from the east to the south. This is called the yang wind. To the west and north, the cool wind and cold wind of the subject are called evil wind. It is advisable to have a recent case (that is, near the mountain) to block it, otherwise the wind will blow the bones and the family will decline. "
Because of the close relationship between wind and temperature, feng shui masters generally have to avoid the wind when choosing the environment, and there must be mountains around them to block the wind, which is the auspicious place. The whirlwind at the bend of the mountain, the dark wind in Pingyang, the concave wind at the mouth of the ravine, and the cave wind blowing in the air between the two mountains are all to be avoided in Feng Shui. Mr. Feng Shui called the warm wind blowing from the east and south of the plain the yang wind, so it was unnecessary to return it. The cool wind or cold wind blowing from the west and north is called evil wind, which needs to be blocked by mountains, otherwise it is unlucky.
Let's take a look at several examples of geomantic site selection in China's famous ancient capital.
Hangzhou
In the first year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 126), the Jin army captured Bianjing and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. The following year, Zhao Gou, the son of Huizong, established the Southern Song Dynasty in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan). However, due to the advance of 8 Jin J, Song Jun was losing ground, so Zhao Gou had to "patrol the southeast" to avoid the enemy. Going down to Yangzhou, retiring from Zhenjiang, going to Hangzhou, building health, and returning to Hangzhou, Jin Jun chased Wenzhou from Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), flustered. The Jin people were restrained by the northern anti-Jin army and forced to retreat to the north. Gaozong was attracted by the beautiful scenery of the West Lake and went to Hangzhou three times. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 138), it was officially established as the capital and renamed as Lin 'an.
In ancient China before the Southern Song Dynasty, the north and the south confronted each other several times, but the southern regime, which owned half of the country, often chose Wuchang and Nanjing as its capital. On the one hand, they used the natural barrier of the Yangtze River and the surrounding situation to defend themselves, but at the same time they showed a positive trend of not wanting to be outdone and plotting to go north. Because, with the south bank of the Yangtze River as its capital, it is bound to move the center of military defense northward to the Huaihe River, and draw a feasible north-south dividing line on the south bank of the Huaihe River. Although Zhao Gou was stationed in Jiankang, he finally gave up his den and chose Hangzhou. So, first of all, Zhao Gou was frightened by the aggressive marching speed of the nomads from the army, for fear of being too close to the front line to escape; In order to keep the throne, Zhao Gou has no intention of regaining lost ground, but only wants to cede territory and make peace with the Jin people, with its capital in Hangzhou. In a sense, he showed his willingness to settle down in Jiangnan and his intention to return to the Central Plains unintentionally, showing weakness to the Jin people. Secondly, after the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdoms and the Northern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou's economic prosperity has surpassed that of Nanjing. Coupled with the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, Zhao Gou Group feels that this is the place that can fully meet its luxury life needs. Therefore, although Hangzhou, as the national capital, has many disadvantages, it is enough to satisfy Zhao Gou Group, which has no ambition and is not enterprising. "Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain, when will the West Lake sing and dance stop? Warm winds make tourists drunk and treat Hangzhou as Bianzhou. Lin Sheng's poems have exposed the dark intentions of Zhao Gou's subjects to the world.
Nanjing
Nanjing, also known as Jinling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangning and Shicheng. Qin Shihuang saw it during the Eastern Expedition, so he tried his best to destroy the Long Mai of Feng Shui and dig the Qinhuai River, which is the "Bad River of Qin Dynasty". Cut off the rocky mountains, fill in the grass and change its name to "Moling". Zhuge Liang said, "There are dragons in Zhongshan and stones on tigers. This is the residence of the emperor. " It is pointed out that Sun Quan has a superior geographical position. When Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital, he thought: "Jinling is dangerous and solid. In ancient times, the so-called Yangtze River natural barrier was the real superiority. " The whole story of the real Long Mai in Nanjing: "For example, the dragon of the tauren in Nanjing started from Wawu Mountain, and the east Lushan Mountain went to Piaoshuipu. Hengshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Jishan Mountain and Zutang Mountain all had twin peaks of the tauren, especially Saturn. Left branch, from Wu Shan to Xishan Bridge, back to elbow, back up again, the mountains are rolling. On the right, a branch is born in Cuiping Mountain, which falls from rotten stone mountain to Ganglong and ends in Matian. Draw Jiangjun Mountain in the middle, cross Huangnigang, start from Zhuxi Temple to Andemen, give birth to Yuhuatai, and end at Jiagangmen and go to the door. " Nanjing is also the intersection of mountains and rivers, the intersection of the Yangtze River and Nanlongwei. The biggest drawback of Feng Shui in Nanjing is that there is the Yangtze River in the north and the Purple Mountain in the south, so the imperial court with its capital here often holds half of the political power.