1. Li Shangyin’s literary common sense
1. A brief introduction to Li Shangyin is as follows: Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), whose courtesy name was Yishan, whose name was Yuxi (Xi), and also Named Fan Nansheng, he was originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), and his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Xingyang City, Zhengzhou, Henan). He became a Jinshi in the second year of Emperor Wenzong's reign (837), and served as secretary, provincial school secretary, and Hongnongwei.
A poet of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin was one of the few authors in the late Tang Dynasty and even the entire Tang Dynasty who deliberately pursued poetic beauty. Li Shangyin was good at poetry writing, and his parallel prose was also of high literary value. Together with Du Mu, he was called "Little Li Du", and together with Wen Tingyun, he was called "Wen Li".
His poems have novel ideas and beautiful styles, especially some love poems and untitled poems, which are sentimental, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure and confusing to be understood. There is a saying that "poets always love Xikun and hate that no one writes Zheng Jian".
Because Li Shangyin was involved in the political vortex of the "Niu-Li party struggle", he was marginalized and struggled throughout his life. According to the "Huaiqing Mansion Annals" in the fifty-fourth year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, Li Shangyin was buried at the foot of Qinghua Beishan in the east of his ancestral home, Yongdian, Huaizhou (now Wangzhuang Town, Qinyangshan Mountain).
2. Li Shangyin’s poetry style: Li Shangyin’s poetry reflects his thoughts. His basic thoughts are basically Confucian, but he values ??practicality and has a certain critical spirit towards Confucianism. He believes that it is not necessary to follow rules and regulations. Confucius is a teacher, and there is no need to use "making" as a virtuous person. He also has Buddhist and Taoist thoughts and advocates taking "nature" as his ancestor.
Li Shangyin's poems have a distinctive and unique artistic style, with clear diction and profound meaning. Some poems can be interpreted in many ways and are easy to use allusions, while some poems are more obscure. There are about 600 extant poems, among which the untitled poems are particularly outstanding, and the most outstanding ones are his love poems.
Li Shangyin is good at writing Qilu and Wuyan rhythms, and Qijue also has many outstanding works. Ye Xie, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, commented on Li Shangyin's Qijue in "Original Poems" that "their sustenance is profound and the words are eloquent, which is truly unparalleled in a hundred generations."
His metrical poems inherited Du Fu's tradition in technique. , and some works are similar in style to Du Fu. Similar to Du Fu, Li Shangyin's poems often use allusions, and they are deeper and more difficult to understand than Du Fu's. They often use allusions in every sentence.
He is original in his use of allusions and likes to use various symbols and metaphors. Sometimes, even after reading the whole poem, he does not know the purpose. The meaning of the allusion itself is often not what Li Shangyin intended to express in his poems.
For example, "Chang'e" (Chang'e), some people intuitively believe that it is a work in praise of Chang'e, Ji Yun believes that it is a work mourning the death of Chang'e, some people think that it is a description of a female Taoist priest, and even that it is a poet's autobiography. There are different opinions. It is also his easy use of allusions that formed his unique style of poetry.
According to Huang Jian's notes "Yang Wengong Tan Yuan" of the Song Dynasty, every time Li Shangyin wrote a poem, he had to consult many books. There were stalls everywhere in the house, and he was likened to "an otter sacrificing fish". Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty also said in a joking tone: "The Daji once shocked everyone, and a piece of brocade can solve people's difficulties."
("Parody of Yuan Yishan Poetry Quatrains") Three critical comments , List Li Shangyin's untitled poems: Li Shangyin is famous for his untitled poems. According to the statistics of poems collected in "Explanation of Li Shangyin's Poetry Collection" [7], it can be basically confirmed that there are 15 poems named after "Untitled" when the poet was writing: "Untitled" (Secretly Looking in the Mirror at the Age of Eight) "Untitled" (Photos of Liang Chu's love) "Two Untitled Poems" (Last Night's Stars; Hearing the Tao Gate) "Untitled Four Poems" (Come with Empty Words; Rustling in the Southeast; Lovely Spring Banner Evening; Where to Mourning the Zheng) "Untitled" (When We Meet Difficult) "Untitled" (Purple Mansion Immortal) "Untitled Two Poems" (Phoenix Tail Xiangluo; heavy curtains are lowered) "Untitled" (nearly well-known Ahou) "Untitled" (Baidao Linghui) "Untitled" (Ten Thousand Miles of Storm).
2. Appreciation of Two Poems by Li Shangyin
Appreciation of Two Poems by Li Shangyin and Appreciation of Jinse [Tang Dynasty] Li Shangyin’s Jinse has fifty strings for no reason, one string and one column reflect on (sì) the Chinese years .
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos. The moon in the sea sheds tears, and the warm sun in Lantian produces smoke.
This feeling can be remembered later, but it was already at a loss. Ma Wei and Li Shangyin's overseas disciples heard about Jiuzhou, and it was uncertain whether he would live in this life or not.
In the sky, I heard that the tiger travels to announce the night watchman, but there is no more chicken man to announce the dawn. On this day, the six armies were stationed together, and the Chinese Valentine's Day was laughing at the morning glory.
How can the Four Ages be the emperor, not as good as the Lu family? 1. "Jin Se": ⑴ The idea is novel: at the beginning, the "Jin Se" tells the story of "thinking about the Chinese years with one string and one pillar", which is an earnest and lingering thought. The voice tells the story of longing.
The concluding sentences "I was at a loss at that time" and "Recalling this feeling" make the joys and sorrows of separation and separation even more heartbreaking. This shows the ingenuity of the author's conception.
⑵ Hazy beauty: The poet uses the romantic and magical imagination in "Zhuang Sheng"'s dream to bring everyone into a beautiful dreamy scene, which is fascinating; he also uses "Wang Di" to entrust his heart to "Cuckoo" "It's like being in the atmosphere of "cuckoo cries blood", and I feel the deep longing after parting. The hazy beauty in the dream is like a painting, the fog is also hazy, the water is also hazy, the mermaid is crying, and the beautiful jade in the blue field shines in the sun, as if wisps of light smoke are burning and floating slowly.
2. "Mawei": Use contrasting techniques to imply ridicule.
The whole poem constitutes at least three contrasts: the chin couplet compares the scene of Xuanzong's journey to Shu with the previous life in the palace; the neck couplet compares the death of his concubine due to the mutiny caused by Xuanzong and the secret vow they made to be husband and wife in the Palace of Eternal Life on July 7th. The last couplet compares the fact that Xuanzong was the emperor but could not save his beloved with the happiness of ordinary civil marriages.
See the irony in the comparison.
3. Two poems by Li Shangyin
One of the two poems given as a gift
Upstairs, desires rest at dusk,
The jade staircase is horizontal The moon is like a hook.
The plantains do not show their lilac knots,[1]
We are facing the same spring breeze and have our own worries. [2]
Source:
Chinese Poetry - Tang and Five Dynasties - Li Shangyin
Palace Ci
Your kindness flows eastward like water, < /p>
The sorrow of gaining favor is replaced by the sorrow of losing favor.
Mo Xiangzun's prelude is about flowers falling,
The cool breeze is only at the west end of the hall.
Source:
Chinese Poetry - Tang and Five Dynasties - Li Shangyin
"Night Out of Xixi" Li Shangyin
The East Mansion is worried about the end of spring, Xixi Xu Rizhao. The moon is clear and the water is rising, and the stars are about to disappear.
Don’t say goodbye to Liu Hao, and don’t leave the group with high pine trees. Although military writing relies on horses, it is still not capable of writing.
"Long-lasting good fortune" Li Shangyin
Long Han Dynasty eyebrows and narrow Chu palace clothes. The mirror is good and the luan dances in the air, but the curtain is sparse and the swallows fly by mistake.
The king is not allowed to ask questions. He returned from an appointment last night.
Volume 541_24 "Liu" Li Shangyin
The snow in the south and north of the Yangtze River has just disappeared, and the desert is light and yellow, touching the tender strips. Ba'an has already climbed the guest's hand,
The Chu Palace is the first to ride on the waist of the dancing concubine. It rains on the official road during the Qingming Festival, and the wind blows on the wild bridge in the evening.
Like a thread, it is like a thread that leads to hatred, and the way back for the king and his grandson is far away.
"It snowed in the East in September" Li Shangyin
The whole family reported that the autumn snow fell on the front peak. Outside the ridge, he recalled that he met on this day in the east.
The grains are light but still messy, and the flowers are thin but not heavy. Is it because I am shocked that I should come and wash my sick face?
"Sihao Temple" Li Shangyin
Originally a Liuhou Mu Chisong, the Han Dynasty only knew Zizhi Weng.
Xiao He only chased Han Xin, how could he be the first in vain?
"Gift to Si Xun and Du Thirteen Members" by Li Shangyin
Du Mu Si Xun is named Mu Zhi, a poem by Du Qiu in Qingqiu. The predecessor should be Mr. Liang Jiang,
The famous Mr. Zeng was also named Mr. Chi. The iron in my heart has been sharpened from the dryness, and my hair on my temples is no longer covered with snow and frost.
The Han River is far away from the Xijiang River, and there are monuments all over Yanghu Weidan.
"Tall Flowers" Li Shangyin
The flowers make people smile, and the fence exposes the branches. Song Yu's house is located near the river. The walls are low and do not block the view.
"Mocking Tao" Li Shangyin
The scoundrel Yaotao has a face, and he usually shows up in Jingdong. The spring breeze is blooming, but it wants to laugh at the spring breeze.
"Send Lieutenant to Fengdu" Li Shangyin
For all eternity, merchants have been in the land, and I cry with you at Lu Qi. It's hard to find Qi Ji, but you can trust Zhang Yi.
The swallows are aware of the rain first, and the cicadas are aware of the dark leaves. It is especially taboo to visit the countryside at night, and the night in the mountains is even more uneven.
4. Appreciation of two poems by Li Shangyin
Appreciation of two poems by Li Shangyin
Jinse
[Tang Dynasty]
Li Shangyin's fifty strings of brocade harp are unprovoked, and each string and one column reflects his past years.
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos.
The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and the jade produces smoke.
This feeling can be remembered later, but it was already at a loss.
Ma Wei
Li Shangyin
Overseas disciples heard about Jiuzhou, and it was uncertain whether he would live or die.
In the sky, I heard that the tiger travels to announce the night watchman, but there is no more chicken man to announce the dawn.
On this day, the six armies were stationed together. At that time, the Chinese Valentine's Day was laughing and showing off the cows.
How can the Four Ji be the emperor, not as good as the Lu family?
1. "Jin Se":
⑴ Novel idea:
The beginning of "Jin Se" tells the story of "one string and one pillar thinking about the Chinese years" and the deep thought. The lingering thought. The voice tells the story of longing. The concluding sentences "I was confused at that time" and "Recalling this feeling" make the joys and sorrows of separation and separation even more heartbreaking. This shows the ingenuity of the author's conception.
⑵ Hazy beauty:
The poet uses the romantic and magical imagination in "Zhuang Sheng"'s dream to bring everyone into a beautiful dream scene, which is fascinating; he also uses "Wang Di" "Entrusting my heart to "Cuckoo" is like being in the atmosphere of "Cuckoo crying blood", and I feel the deep longing after parting. The hazy beauty in the dream is like a painting, the fog is also hazy, the water is also hazy, the mermaid is crying, and the beautiful jade in the blue field shines in the sun, as if wisps of light smoke are burning and floating slowly.
2. "Mawei":
Use contrasting techniques to imply ridicule. The whole poem constitutes at least three contrasts: the chin couplet compares the scene of Xuanzong's journey to Shu with the previous life in the palace; the neck couplet compares the death of his concubine due to the mutiny caused by Xuanzong and the secret vow they made to be husband and wife in the Palace of Eternal Life on July 7th. The last couplet compares the fact that Xuanzong was the emperor but could not save his beloved with the happiness of ordinary civil marriages.
See the irony in the comparison.
5. Two key verses in Li Shangyin’s poems
Chang Kao’s verses can be remembered later, but at that time I was already confused about how to be the emperor in the fourth century, and it was not as good as the reference of the Lu family. rhyme translation.
"Jinse" Jinse, why do you have fifty strings? Every string and every section makes people nostalgic for the golden years. My heart is like Zhuangzi, confused by the dawning dreams of butterflies; and like the hope that the emperor will turn into a cuckoo, expressing my sorrow in the heart of spring.
The bright moon shines high in the sea, and the sharks cry and their tears turn into beads. The red sun is warm in Lantian, and you can see the smoke coming from Liangyu.
How can we recall the joys and sorrows today? But back then we were careless and at a loss. "Mawei" It is said in vain that beyond Kyushu there is Kyushu at the end of the sky; the reunion in the next life is illusory and unpredictable, but the reunion in this life has come to an end.
I can only hear the forbidding soldiers patrolling the night, beating the mournful sounds of fighting, and the guards outside the Suzaku Gate can no longer hear the cockcrow at dawn. I remember that on July 7th, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we laughed at the Weaver Girl who gathered once a year to pet the morning glory; why was the emperor and his beloved concubine forced to take a break after being the emperor for decades? It's not as good as the common man Lu Jiazi who has Mo Chou by his side till he grows old.
6. Literary common sense of two prose poems
"Two Prose Poems" ① "Golden Flower" is selected from "Selected Poems of Rabindranath Tagore".
Author: Rabindranath Tagore. Indian writer, poet, and social activist.
His early works include poetry collections "Evening Song", "Morning Song" and "King and Queen", novels "Little Sand", "Shipwreck" and "Gola", and scripts "Mojidotara" and "Post Office" "Red Oleander", poetry collections "Gitanjali", "New Moon Collection", "Gardener Collection", "Bird Collection", etc. At first glance, this is a poem about a child playing with his mother. It expresses the child's love for his mother, and there is nothing unusual about it.
But the reason why Tagore is a great writer is that his poems can continue to move forward where the feelings and thoughts of ordinary poets stop, move deeper, and enter the state of "trance". ②"Lotus Leaf Mother".
Author: Bing Xin. This is a prose that uses scenery to write about people and praise mother.
The article starts from the lotus in his yard, focusing on the lotus in the rain. In the rain, the author found that the lotus was covered with lotus leaves, which touched him, so he had an association, thinking of his mother, and his mother's love and care. The scene of children, so I used this scene to express my feelings about the mother's protection of the children's growth. The purpose of writing lotus in this way is to write about "me", and the purpose of writing lotus leaves is to write about mother, so that "I" is the lotus that is swayed by the rain and wind, and the mother is the lotus leaf that protects the lotus from the wind and rain.
Yes, even lotus leaves will consciously protect lotus flowers, not to mention mothers who love their children. So he wrote at the end: "Mother! You are the lotus leaf, and I am the red lotus. When the raindrops in my heart come, except you, who is my shade under the unobstructed sky?" A few simple strokes clarify the theme and deepen the meaning. center.
"The rain in the heart" alludes to the ups and downs and hardships on the road of life. Only the mother is the one who protects oneself through the ups and downs and hardships on the road of life.
7. Li Shangyin’s Two Poems on Jinse/Mawei (Part 2)
Li Shangyin wrote “Jinse”, which is cold, lonely and very sentimental, a complex and difficult feeling. The feeling of regret in the words is deeply buried between the lines. It is not an ordinary leisurely mood. There is a strange feeling and deep hatred in it, but in the endless memories, I chuckle and say: How can I wait until today to recall the endless regrets? , even at that time, it was already very disappointing! Unspeakable pain, extremely painful feelings, depressed in the heart, turned into poems. I have not read "Mawei" originally, let alone have any deep understanding. I just read it and I think I want to say something about contrast and contrast. , an example of the third couplet: "On this day, the six armies were stationed together on horseback, and the Chinese Valentine's Day laughed at the morning glory."
This day" refers to the day of Concubine Yang's death. "The six armies were stationed together on horseback" and Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" agrees, but "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" immediately goes on to write, "I'm about to die in front of my horse's eyebrows," and "this day" is the reverse of the writing to recall "at that time."
" Comparing and supplementing "at that time" with "this day", not only the meaning is self-explanatory, but also the writing style is jumpy and rich in content. This is called "reversal method". Xuanzong "at that time" on Qixi Festival and Concubine Yang "secretly vowed to each other" and ridiculed the morning glory. , Weaver Girl can only meet once a year, and the two of them will be "husband and wife for the rest of their lives" and will never be separated. But what will happen when the "six armies fail to attack"? The ending of death is not difficult to understand, and Xuanzong's hypocritical and selfish mental outlook is also fully exposed.
At the same time, "Laughing Morning Bulls on the Chinese Valentine's Day" is a typical summary of Xuanzong's obsession with women and his neglect of political affairs. , used to compare the "six armies stationed at the same time", it shows the causal relationship between the two. Without the debauchery of "then", how could there be separation of "this day"? And how could Xuanzong have considered the "then" of indulgence in sensuality? "This is the day" for the beloved concubine who "gives death".