"In the first month, the first month is right, and the fifteenth day of the first month is full of colorful lanterns ..." This catchy folk song sings the festive and folk customs of the Lantern Festival. And a word "noisy" reflects the unrestrained, jubilant and popular Lantern Festival. Generally speaking, the fifteenth year is the end of the year. Therefore, in the eyes of ordinary people, its importance is second only to the Spring Festival.
As far as the Lantern Festival is concerned, Siping Street (now Middle Street) is the most lively place in Shenyang's history. Today, let's talk about Shenyang people enjoying lanterns on the Lantern Festival.
Siping Lantern Festival once became one of the "Eight Scenes of Shengjing"
The custom of burning lanterns on Lantern Festival began in the Han Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty, lantern viewing activities flourished. In the Song Dynasty, the Lantern Festival was highly valued, and the styles of lanterns were very rich, and the activities of enjoying lanterns were more lively. In the Ming Dynasty, the Lantern Festival lasted for 1 days.
in the Qing dynasty, although the lantern viewing activity lasted only three days, the scale of the activity was very large and unprecedented. This kind of scene, especially in Shengjing at that time.
Zhan Hongge, a famous historical document collector and consultant of shenyang evening news literature and history, said that before the Qing Dynasty, there was a custom of making and setting off lanterns in Shenyang. According to Liu Shiying's "A Brief Introduction to the Capital" in the Qing Dynasty, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Shengjing, the capital of the Qing Dynasty, held a lantern festival on the fifteenth day of the first month. The custom of people watching lanterns at night was inherited from generation to generation and gradually became large.
and a poem by Yao Yuanzhi, a famous poet, describing the scene of Siping street lamp market in Shengjing, "Ode to the Lantern Festival": "The bees and butterflies among the flowers are crazy while enjoying the joy, and the night of BMW cars is long. The headlights on the twelfth floor are like fire, and the moon at Siping Street is like frost. " The poem describes the lively scene of watching lanterns in Shengjing during the Lantern Festival in the Qing Dynasty.
It is understood that as early as the early Qing Dynasty, the emperor shunzhi entered Beijing as its capital, and Shenyang, as the capital, held a lantern festival with Beijing. By the end of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty and Xuantong reign, Siping Street (now Middle Street) had become the most prosperous commercial street in Shengjing. Every year, Lantern Festival was held on this street, and people were crowded with lanterns. During the last years of Guangxu and Xuantong in Qing Dynasty, the lantern culture in Shenyang reached its peak, and the Siping Lantern Festival in that year was comparable to the Beijing Lantern Festival.
In Poems of Shengjing in the late Qing Dynasty, the grand occasion at that time was described as follows: "Four-sided view of the horse, three days of empty lanes". It can be said that Zhongjie was the most carnival place in Shenyang at that time.
It is worth mentioning that at that time, lanterns and yangko were a perfect match. Miao Runlong, a poet at the end of the Qing Dynasty, recorded this in his "Shenyang Hundred Odes": "In the Spring Festival, Yangko is sung again, and Niu Ni competes to praise Jiang's wife. Who is the host and who is the guest, listen to the Fengyang gong. "
Zhan Hongge introduced that in the early years of the Republic of China, Siping Lantern Market was one of the "Eight Scenes of Shengjing". On the 15th day of the first month, the whole Siping Street was covered with lanterns of different shapes, and there were crowds of people enjoying the lanterns.
Back in those days, Zhang Zuolin also had a lantern complex.
After Zhang Zuolin was in charge of the Northeast, he was particularly fond of lanterns, and his subordinates liked them. He found Li Mingyan, then the academic supervisor of the feng tian Education Association, and asked him to assist the overall plan of the Huangcheng Lantern Market, including positioning, site layout, coordination of public security, and also to tell the lantern officials a play. As a proctor, he lived up to expectations, did not say that the Imperial Lantern Festival was in full swing, and moved lantern making into the school as a manual class, so that more young people learned the skills of making lanterns.
According to records, at the Shengjing Lantern Festival, Zhang Zuolin liked a box lamp best. Box lamp belongs to lantern, but it is more like a play box that can broadcast plays. There are more than a dozen floors in the box lamps, and each floor tells different folklore and drama stories. When placing the box lamp, choose a long bamboo pole to lift the lamp high, and then ignite the fuse. As the fuse burns, a set of lamps will fall in turn, colorful. With the fall of soot and sparks, another small stage fell with a bang, and the second performance began. When he saw the wonderful scene, the guard took the lead in applauding, lavishing money and playing with lantern artists. It is said that he once directly rewarded 3, yuan.
At that time, the merchants opened their stores on the sixth day of the first month, and shops on both sides of Siping Street hung light ropes under the eaves. On the ropes hung long colored paper with auspicious words such as "Good weather". The red flag and colored paper of the whole street fluttered with the wind, and the festive atmosphere was very strong. Shops began to tie lamps from the sixth day of the first month, and each family should tie at least 5 lamps. This kind of lamp is made of two layers of tulle with figures, landscapes, flowers and birds painted on it. Some merchants also use ice and snow to make buildings, towers, pavilions, pavilions and other scenery and ice lanterns for old men, * * *, virgins and other figures. There are also fish lanterns, sheep lanterns, lotus lanterns, lantern lanterns, etc., which are very exquisite and make the whole Siping Street merge into a river of lanterns.
the northern school lanterns are unique
It is worth mentioning that the lantern making technology in Shenyang has been passed down for more than 3 years and has its own system. At present, there are two largest lantern-making industries in China: one is Sichuan Zigong Lantern from the south, and the other is Shenyang Lantern from the north. The northern school lantern art is unique, which is characterized by atmospheric modeling and strong local color. While maintaining the characteristics of Han lanterns, it incorporates the customs of northern minorities such as Manchu, and there are hundreds of styles preserved, and the production process is as many as 16 links. Take the dragon lantern as an example. The scales of the northern dragon lantern are bent with the skeleton. The bent scales are uniform and firm, and the dragon body is made of dragon scales. After lighting, the dragon body is transparent and integrated. In the south, the dragon scales are cut out of floral paper, and the dragon body needs wooden support. After lighting, the horizontal and vertical ribs and support frames in the dragon body are unobstructed, and the body shape is not as round as that in the north.
it is understood that at present, "Shenyang traditional lantern making skills" and "Siping street lamp city" have both been included in the municipal intangible cultural heritage list.
The Lantern Festival in Nanhu Park is a memory of Shenyang people.
Besides enjoying the lanterns in Zhongjie, Nanhu Park was once a good place for Shenyang people to enjoy the lanterns. Back in those days, the lantern festival in Nanhu Park was the same memory of generations of Shenyang people. Many people left precious photos in black and white or color under the lamp. The children in the photos who were riding on their parents' shoulders to watch the lantern festival have now grown up, but the custom of watching the lamp every New Year is still imprinted in everyone's life. When it comes to the Lantern Festival in Nanhu Park, the deepest impression is the crowded and shivering cold that followed. The cold is really cold. Basically, everyone who looks at the lantern brings their own white "fairy" when they stroll around.
It is understood that from 1983 to 1987, five large-scale lantern festivals were held in Shenyang, which were located in Zhongjie, Nanhu Park and Zhongshan Park, and those big factories in Shenyang were responsible for the production and installation for tourists to enjoy. At this time, the concept of the lamp has changed from the original hanging type to the large-scale floor-mounted mechanical lantern, and the characters on the high platform are lifelike, as if they were alive according to the operation of the track. The lamp integrating sound, light and electricity immediately became people's darling ... < P > In order to enrich the cultural and entertainment environment of Shenyang citizens and create a brand name card of Shenyang's winter tourism, the Spring Snow Lantern Festival in Nanhu Park returned last year, which is also the time for Nanhu Park to hold the Spring Lantern Festival again after 15 years.
shenyang evening news, Shen Bao, senior media reporter, Bai Xin, director of photography reporter, Chang Shenggang.