Throughout history, it is not difficult to find that, compared with those nobles and upper rulers, grass-roots officials or ordinary people such as "Dian Shi" want to leave their names in the history books, but Yan Yingyuan's Dian Shi did this under such an environment and background. He not only did it, but also left an amazing sum in the history books. The "desperate poem" at the beginning of the article was written by him. "On the 80 th, I was loyal to the monarch in the 17 th Dynasty. One hundred thousand people died with one heart, leaving Daming with three hundred miles of mountains and rivers. " There are 28 words in the poem, but these 28 words not only contain the lives of more than 100,000 strong men in Jiangyin and the mountains and rivers with Daming for 300 miles, but also contain the loyalty of Jiangyin people who have penetrated into their bones! Next, the author will start with Yan Yingyuan's "Desperate Poem" and discuss with readers the "Anti-Qing and Guarding the City War" that happened in Jiangyin 374 years ago.
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The downfall of "Hong Guang regime" and the death of Li Zicheng laid the groundwork for the anti-Qing struggle in the future. 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi) On May 22nd, Zhu Yousong, who had been emperor for less than a year, was captured by the Qing army, and at the same time, Nanjing also fell into the jaws of the Qing court. The capture of Hong Guang Emperor Zhu Yousong marked the end of the "Hong Guang regime" in history, and the sphere of influence of Nanming was further suppressed and narrowed. On the other hand, the Dashun Army headed by Li Zicheng was hit hard by the Aqige Department of the Qing army almost at the same time, and the leader Li Zicheng died in the process of escape. It needs special explanation here. Different from Zhang, due to Li Zicheng's failure to cultivate a suitable successor during his lifetime and the scattered position of the troops, after Li Zicheng's death, Dashun Army was always in a state of disintegration. Based on this, the rulers of the Qing court suddenly became confident, and were carried away by the ruling mentality of "pushing your luck and getting your feet".
As the saying goes, everything has advantages and disadvantages. Although the downfall of "Hong Guang regime" and the death of Li Zicheng weakened the positive reaction of the Qing court forces, they also made people who wanted to compromise with the Qing court feel a loud slap in the face, and at the same time created political conditions for the later "Longwu regime", "Zhedong regime" and the peasant army to get together for warmth.
Therefore, in a sense, the collapse of the "Hong Guang regime" and the death of Li Zicheng laid the groundwork for the anti-Qing struggle in the future.
Portraits of Zhang and Li Zicheng
A paper haircut order blew the anti-Qing horn of Jiangyin people. After the collapse of the "Hong Guang regime", the arrogant Dourgen brazenly resumed the haircut order on June 15th of the second year of Shunzhi, regardless of the opposition of the ministers of the Han Dynasty, and enforced it nationwide by compulsory means. The so-called body hair and skin are influenced by parents, and the promulgation of the haircut order is undoubtedly an extremely serious insult to the vast number of Han people with a long history of civilization and self-esteem. As a result, the haircut order instantly aroused the warming of domestic ethnic contradictions. At that time, the resistance of the people in the unoccupied areas of the Qing army was obviously improved, and the order in the occupied areas was also in turmoil. Even Tian Jianxiu, who had surrendered to the Qing court, once again launched an anti-Qing struggle in the name of not shaving his hair after restoring the haircut order.
In this extremely severe situation, Jiangyin people set an example for the people of the whole country with practical actions.
On June 24th, the Qing court sent Fang Heng, a courtier, to succeed Jiangyin county magistrate. Soon, Fang Heng received a notice from a superior official about the haircut of Jiangyin people. After receiving the notice, Fang Heng immediately issued a notice throughout the county, and ordered everyone in Jiangyin to shave their hair within three days. Notice, and then someone went to the county government to ask for a suspension, but they were all fired by Fang Heng.
On the first day of June, Fang Heng went to the Confucian Temple to burn incense. Hundreds of people asked Fang Heng to keep her hair again, but Fang Heng refused.
After that, more and more people participated in the request to stay. At this time, Fang Heng realized the seriousness of the matter, and while appeasing Jiangyin people with the "Huairou policy" to gain time, he reported the grim situation in Jiangyin to Changzhou Prefecture. Finally, Fang Heng's "delaying tactics" were tipped off by county officials. The next day, the whole city of Jiangyin went on strike, and the people arrested Fang Heng in one go.
Fang Heng's stepping down officially marked the heated struggle between Jiangyin people and the Qing court. Since then, Chen Mingyu, Yan Yingyuan and Feng Houdun have been elected as the organizers of this anti-Qing struggle. Yan Yingyuan, once an authority on history, knew the situation very well. Jiangyin alone organized hundreds of thousands of rural soldiers, so it was naturally difficult to compete with the massive attack of the Qing court forces. Therefore, Yan Yingyuan ordered the organization to reinforce the Yugoslav capital in the city, and at the same time moved the reinforcements out of the city. Unfortunately, until Jiangyin, hundreds of thousands of people were killed, and not a single soldier came to support.
However, it is in such a grim situation that Jiangyin people blocked the attack of the Qing court army with their flesh and blood. There are elite soldiers sent by Changzhou government, more than 100,000 troops from Liu Liangzuo, Hong Chengchou, Seven Kings, Eight Kings and Ten Kings of Qing Dynasty, and firearms troops from Kong Youde. In the end, the Qing Dynasty seized it at the cost of losing three princes, 18 generals and 80,000 soldiers.
After the fall of Jiangyin City, none of the rural soldiers surrendered, but continued to launch a final resistance to the Qing army in the form of street fighting until they were slaughtered by the Qing army. At this point, Jiangyin's guarding city war ended with the victory of the Qing army.
End: Jiangyin is a land of rites and music, a country of loyalty and righteousness. Stop and change the truth and do as the Romans do at any time. Fang said that although it has changed for generations, it has not changed old clothes and cultural relics; I don't want to give orders, it will greatly arouse people's hearts. It is based on urban and rural people, old and young, who are determined to stick to their lives. Repeated battles and stalemate in victory and defeat are all caused by loyal teachers in towns and villages; If Qi Xin, the people in the city, stick to it and never underestimate the enemy. Today, the general trend is not in one city; Suzhou and Hangzhou are not a foregone conclusion, so why love here and say that soldiers don't understand! Since love is a righteous act, it is easy to love people and tidy up people's hearts; Why do people kill and set fire repeatedly, which makes people angry and miserable? For today's plan, we should withdraw our troops as soon as possible and listen to Jiangsu and Hangzhou counties. If Su and Hang Ruoxing leave, how can there be Jiangyin City! Otherwise, even if millions of people are in the city, Jiangyin's self-defense ambition has been set, and it is impossible to survive. -Ji's "Next Season in the North"
The above record is Zhang Mingyu's reply to Liu Liangzuo's surrender, which clearly shows the determination and fighting spirit of Jiangyin people to fight for the survival of Jiangyin City and Mao.
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Compared with contemporary Shi Kefa, in my opinion, Yan Yingyuan and more than 20 John Wan Yin people are worthy of the treatment of national heroes!